地幔柱构造与地幔动力学--兼论其在中国大陆地质历史中的表现

地幔柱构造是基于全地慢对流模式、主要依据热点火山活动提出的新的全球构造理论。它的主要表现形式和产物是地幔柱头上部地壳抬升、岩浆活动形成大火成岩省、大型放射状岩墙群,并导致大陆裂解、板块运动和大规模成矿,是生物灭绝、磁极倒转的诱因。中国大陆的地质演化历史中保存了多期地幔柱活动印记,它们主要是华南新元古代Rodinia地幔柱、古生代古特提斯和峨眉山地幔柱和中一新生代中国东部地慢柱构造事件。上述地幔柱活动产生了地壳抬升、强烈岩浆活动、大陆伸展与裂解、岩石圈剧烈减薄和大规模成矿等重要地质事件。     

甘南草地类型的生态经济价值与功能及其分类经营

根据山区景观所具有的3层次功能和指标体系选取的原则,从美学、社会、生态3个方面,初步构建了4个层次的评价指标体系。在此基础上建立综合评判模型,应用于北京市怀柔区9个乡镇,得到如下结果:景观功能评价综合指数处在较好标准的有宝山镇和怀北镇;在一般标准的有喇叭沟门乡、雁栖镇、九渡河镇、长哨营乡;处在较差标准的有渤海镇、玻璃庙镇、汤河口镇。评价结果基本与实际相符,说明建立的评价指标体系与模型是可行的。     

构造煤化学结构演化与瓦斯特性耦合机理

煤是对应力和应变非常敏感的一种特殊岩石,在不同的应力-应变环境和构造应力作用下,煤的物理结构、化学结构及其光性特征等都将发生显著变化,从而形成具有不同结构特征的、不同类型的构造煤。构造煤在变形的过程中,镜质组反射率将发生规律性变化,并被较为广泛地应用于煤田构造的定量研究,高温高压变形实验也证实了这一现象。为了深入探讨煤镜质组光性组构变化的微观机理,将X-射线衍射、顺磁共振和核磁共振等技术应用于不同类型构造煤以及高温高压实验变形煤的化学结构研究。研究表明,构造煤化学结构演化与镜质组反射率的演化具有密切的内在联系,镜质组反射率的光性异常是构造煤化学结构演化在物理光学性质上的具体体现。不同类型的构造煤由于物理和化学结构上的不同,导致瓦斯含量和透气性等瓦斯特性上的重大差异,糜棱煤特殊的物理和化学结构决定了其高含气量和低透气性的特征,是矿井瓦斯突出的危险地带,因此,可以通过构造煤分布规律的研究,进行矿井瓦斯富集与突出危险性的评价与预测,为矿井瓦斯灾害的研究提供新的思路和方法。     

THE STUDY OF HIGH EFFICIENT AgI PYROTECHNICS AND THEIR NUCLEATING PROPERTIES

Two kinds of high efficient Agl pyrotechnics BR-88-5 and BR-91-Y have been developed.The tests in the cloudchamber show that the AgI ice nucleating effectiveness can reach up to 10~(15)/g,and the BR-91-Y has even higher icenucleating rate.Two kinds of foreign AgI pyrotechnics have been made according to the given formulations and alsotested in the cloud chamber for comparison.X-ray diffraction analysis for the aerosols produced by burning BR-91-Yshows that AgI in acrosols still retains the hexagonal crystal form and the lattice parameters are smaller than those ofpure AgI and other AgI composite nuclei,and closer to ice.Combining with the other tests,the reasons for the high effi-ciency of BR-91-Y have been discussed.     

Effect of Distortion Ratio on Local Scour Under Tidal Currents and Waves

Five generalized physical models of drfferent distortion ratios were bruit according to DOU Guo-ren‘s similarity theory of total sediment transport modeling for estuarine and coastal regions. Experiments on local scour in front of groins were made under the actions of tidal currents and waves with clear and sediment entraining water. The scour depths under different dynamic actions are compared. The effect of the distortion ratio on the depth of scour hole is discussed. A relationship between scour depths for distorted and undistorted models is given.     

Study of light signal receptor of Stephanopyxis palmeriana during sexual reproduction

We collected centric diatom Stephanopyxis palmeriana samples in coastal waters of Xiamen for characteristic red light/far red light (R/FR) phytochrome reactions to identify its photoreceptor in the course of sexual reproduction. The result showed that pre-illumination of 2-3h red light before darkness could induce sexualization of S.palmeriana, while the follow-up illumination of far red light could reverse the effect of red light, which is a featured reaction of phytochrome. The Southern Dot Blot was carried out to identify the type of phytochrome that induces the sexualization. The result also showed high homogeneity of DNA fragment of S. palmeriana with phyB, but phyA. This means the photoreceptor in the process of sexual reproduction of S. palmeriana is phytochrome B (phyB).     

Assessment of surface drag coefficient parametrizations based on observations and simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model

海气界面动量交换对台风发展起着重要作用,其估算公式依赖于拖曳系数。本文利用观测和台风模拟试验对八种拖曳系数参数化方案进行系统的评估。结果表明,相对于早期的参数化方案,近些年提出的参数化方案对拖曳系数的描述有了显著的改进,主要体现在高风速条件下。不同的拖曳系数参数化方案对超强台风"海燕"的模拟路径几乎没有影响,但是对其强度、尺寸和结构的模拟结果有显著影响。     

On the Origin of One Basin-Multiple Mountain Couplings in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin-Range Area in Eastern North China

The basin-range coupling relation is a leading subject of the modern geology. In geometry, relations of this type include couplings between stretched orogenic belt and down-faulted basin, compressional orogenic belt and foreland basin, strike-slip orogenic belt and strike-slip basin and so on. Fault chains are the key for these couplings and there are typical examples for all these cases. The North China down-faulted basin is coupled west with the Taihang uplift, east with the Jiao-Liao Mountains, north with the Yanshan orogenic belt and south with the Dabie orogenic belt, that is to say, the central down-faulted basin and the surrounding orogenic belts bear a coupling relation within a uniform dynamistic system. Study shows that the central down-faulted basin and the North China mantle sub-plume structure have a close relation during their formation. Owing to intensive mantle sub-plume uplifting, the bottom of the lithosphere suffered from resistance, which caused the lithosphere of the eastern North Ch     

布什维尔德铂族元素矿床:铂族矿物赋存状态及其成因

总结南非布什维尔德杂岩体中Merensky Reef(简称MR矿层)和Platreef(简称PR接触带)两类铂族元素矿床的矿床地质、矿化特征以及铂族元素的赋存状态。MR矿床是典型的层状铂族元素(PGE)矿床,在杂岩体东部和西部发育,PGE总含量稳定,赋存在堆晶间隙硫化物中,常以PGE硫化物的形式产出。PR接触带型矿化集中在杂岩体北段,整体上不连续,各个矿床的具体特征由于底盘岩性的多变而不同,PGE主要赋存在碲化物和砷化物等半金属化合物中,可以脱离硫化物产在硅酸盐矿物中。相关的实验研究显示,PGE在岩浆结晶过程中发生分异,Pd/Ir比值体现了硫化物的分异程度;Pd比Pt更容易被氧化以及在热液中迁移,Pt/Pd比值体现了混染和热液的作用,这些因素造成了PR接触带与MR矿层中PGE赋存状态的差异。岩浆可能在侵入之前已经达到了硫饱和,岩浆房的压力变化和岩浆通道对于PGE的富集有重要意义,热液流体可以对已经形成的PGE矿化进行改造。     

南海北部陆架区底层渔业资源的空间分布特征

根据2006年10月至2007年9月南海北部大陆架海域4个航次底拖网调查资料,分析了该海域渔业资源的种类组成、种类丰富度和渔获率的空间分布。结果表明,渔获种类数以湛江断面最多(405种),汕头断面最少(337种)。种类数随水深变化呈非对称正态分布,以40—80m水深组种类数最多。物种丰富度指数D的空间分布与种类数基本一致。在总渔获物中,鱼类、头足类和甲壳类3大类群重量组成比例为80:12:8,在断面分布上,组成比例鱼类以珠江口断面最高,头足类以湛江断面最高,甲壳类以阳江断面最高。在水深分布上,鱼类占比随水深的增加而增加,头足类占比在40—100m水深较高,甲壳类在10—20m浅水区最高。鱼类最主要的优势种有6种,其中,深水金线鱼主要在90—120m水深占优势,黄鳍马面鲀在60—90m水深占优势,条尾绯鲤在60—120m水深占优势,单棘豹鲂鮄在120—200m水深占优势,六指马鲅在30—60m水深占优势,龙头鱼在10—30m水深占优势。鱼类渔获率断面分布以珠江口和粤西海域较高,汕头海域最低;水深分布渔获率随水深的增加而增加。头足类渔获率以粤西和珠江口海域较高,粤东海域较低;在100m水深范围内,渔获率随水深的增...