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121.
Tatiana Jorgetti Pedro Leite da Silva Dias Edmilson Dias de Freitas 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(11-12):3077-3086
This study explores the ocean–atmosphere interaction in the formation and dynamics of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), through the analysis of the heat sources estimated through the outgoing longwave radiation. The results obtained with this study show that the coupled variability between SACZ and the South Atlantic Ocean indicates that in northern positioned SACZ cases (over Southeastern Brazil), westerly anomalies are verified in the low level continental tropical circulation, consistent with the active phase of the South America Monsoon System (SAMS). In these cases, cold anomalies in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean cause an increase in the continent–ocean temperature gradient, favoring an easterly flow in this region, and blocking the SACZ at a northerly position. Easterly anomalies in the tropical continent were verified in the low level circulation in southern positioned cases (over Southern Brazil), consistent with the SAMS break phase. The SST anomaly patterns indicate cold anomalies in the tropics and warm anomalies in the subtropics, which do not favor the development of an easterly flow at low levels over the western tropical Atlantic. In these cases, two situations may occur: the strengthening of the Low Level Jet (LLJ), which prevails in the eastern subtropical South America and convergence with the South Atlantic Subtropical High at its southern position; or the atmospheric unstable conditions caused by ocean warm SST anomalies (in this case the LLJ may be weaker than its climatological intensity). 相似文献
122.
Maria A. F. Silva Dias Juliana Dias Leila M. V. Carvalho Edmilson D. Freitas Pedro L. Silva Dias 《Climatic change》2013,116(3-4):705-722
Significant positive trends are found in the evolution of daily rainfall extremes in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) from 1933 to 2010. Climatic indices including ENSO, PDO, NAO and the sea surface temperature at the coast near São Paulo explain 85 % of the increasing frequency of extremes during the dry season. During the wet season the climatic indices and the local sea surface temperature explain a smaller fraction of the total variance when compared to the dry season indicating that other factors such as the growth of the urban heat island and the role of air pollution in cloud microphysics need to be taken into account to explain the observed trends over the almost eight decades. 相似文献
123.
Freitas R Sampaio L Oliveira J Rodrigues AM Quintino V 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,53(1-4):72-79
Acoustic diversity charts were produced for a Portuguese soft bottom mid-shelf area, depth from 30 to 90 m, using a single-beam echo sounder coupled to the acoustic systems QTC VIEW Series IV and V. A similar acoustic pattern was identified by both systems, which, after ground-truth interpretation based in available sediment and biological data, established a preliminary spatial distribution model of the benthic habitats in this coastal area. However, some of the acoustic areas were interpreted using one or very few sediment and benthic samples. A specific validation survey was conducted a posteriori, in which the positioning of the sediment and benthic community sampling sites was based on the acoustic diversity previously identified. The results clearly confirm the benthic habitats distribution model suggested by the acoustic method, indicating a high potential for the use of such approach in the identification and mapping of large-scale soft bottom coastal shelf habitat diversity. 相似文献
124.
Edmilson D. Freitas Christopher M. Rozoff William R. Cotton Pedro L. Silva Dias 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,122(1):43-65
The Town Energy Budget (TEB) model, a detailed urban parameterisation using a generalised canyon geometry, coupled with the
Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) is used to simulate the wintertime local circulation in the megacity environment
of the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo (MASP) in Brazil. Model simulations are performed using actual topography and land-use
fields. Comparison with a simple urban parameterisation based on the LEAF-2 scheme is also shown. Validation is based on comparison
between model simulations and observations. Sensitivity tests with TEB reveal an important interaction between the sea breeze
and the MASP heat island circulation. Even though topography is known to play an important role in the MASP region’s weather,
in these tests the simulations were performed without topography in order to unambiguously identify the interaction between
the two local circulations. The urban heat island (UHI) forms a strong convergence zone in the centre of the city and thereby
accelerates the sea-breeze front toward the centre of the city. The presence of the urban region increases the sea-breeze
front propagation mean speed by about 0.32 m s−1 when compared with the situation of no city. After its arrival in the urban region, the sea-breeze front stalls over the
centre of the city for about 2 h. Subsequently, the sea breeze progresses beyond the city when the heat island dissipates.
Thereafter, the sea breeze propagates beyond the urban area at a decelerated rate compared to a simulation without an UHI. 相似文献