西藏拉鲁湿地浮游植物群落时空分布特征及其驱动因子

为了解西藏拉鲁湿地浮游植物群落时空分布特征及其驱动因子,于2021年7月、10月和2022年5月在拉鲁湿地主要水系进行定性和定量样品采集,共采集浮游植物水样126个,从不同季节和不同生境浮游植物种类组成、多样性等方面入手,探讨拉鲁湿地浮游植物群落时空分布特征及其驱动因子,为研究拉鲁湿地生态系统和稳定发展提供基础资料。结果表明:1)拉鲁湿地共鉴定出浮游植物532种(含变种和变型),隶属于8门13纲36目74科130属,物种组成表现为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型。2)拉鲁湿地浮游植物群落特征参数在不同季节和不同生境之间存在差异。夏季浮游植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于秋季和春季,Simpson优势度指数显著高于秋季。秋季浮游植物群落的Pielou均匀度指数显著低于夏季和春季。春季浮游植物群落的Margalef丰富度指数显著低于夏季和秋季。沼泽生境的浮游植物群落的Margalef丰富度指数显著高于湿草甸生境。3)季节是浮游植物群落组成差异的关键因素,生境对浮游植物群落组成的影响较弱,夏季的距离衰减模式比秋季和春季更强。4)拉鲁湿地不同的浮游植物群落参数与不同环境因子之间存在显著的关联。5)空间因素在解释浮游植物群落变异方面具有显著贡献,而快速变化的水质变量在决定浮游植物的季节变化中起着重要作用。季节和缓慢变化水质因子的解释能力相对较弱,但仍对浮游植物群落的变异有一定影响。     

粉土及粉质黏土对静压沉桩桩端阻力影响机制现场试验

为探讨在粉土及粉质黏土中桩端阻力随贯入深度的变化规律,通过在试验桩P1的桩端安装轮辐压力传感器,以及在试验桩P1、P2距桩端200 mm处安装光纤光栅（FBG）传感器,采用两种不同的测试技术全程监测了两根闭口预应力高强度混凝土（PHC）管桩现场贯入过程中的桩端阻力。试验结果表明：桩端阻力与土层的变化密切相关,土层越硬,桩端阻力越大,当桩端从粉质黏土层进入粉土层时,桩端阻力明显增大,粉土中的桩端阻力达到粉质黏土层的2倍;整个贯入过程中,同一土层不同位置的差异性对桩端阻力也存在较大影响,在距离地面1.50 m处,P1和P2桩FBG传感器桩端阻力的差值达到了89.29 kN,而在距离地面3.50~4.50 m处,两桩的桩端阻力则相差较小。     

Spatial variations of small phytoplankton contributions in the Northern Bering Sea and the Southern Chukchi Sea

Phytoplankton size classes (hereafter, PSCs) were derived from satellite ocean color data using a present phytoplankton abundance-based optical algorithm in the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas to characterize the spatial and seasonal variations of the different PSC and investigate the contributions of small phytoplankton to the total phytoplankton biomass. The comparison results showed that the phytoplankton abundance-based method approach could reasonably classify the three PSCs (pico-, nano-, and micro phytoplankton). The satellite maps of the dominant PSCs were derived using long-term satellite ocean color data. The general spatial distribution showed that the large (micro-) phytoplankton were dominant in the coastal waters and the west side of the Bering strait, while the small size (nano- or pico-) phytoplankton were dominant in the open ocean waters. Nano- and microphytoplankton were dominant in May and October in most of the study area, while pico-phytoplankton were dominant in the summer months in the open ocean waters. The annual variation in small phytoplankton dominance had a strong positive relationship with the annual mean sea surface temperature (SST), which is consistent with the increasing dominance of small phytoplankton biomass as water temperature increases. Microphytoplankton have an apparent increasing trend in the southeastern Chukchi Sea but slightly decreasing trends in Chirikov and St. Lawrence Island Polynya (SLIP). In contrast, there were increasing trends in picophytoplankton in Chirikov and SLIP, which seems to be related to increasing annual SST. It is crucial to monitor changes in dominant groups of phytoplankton community in the Bering and Chukchi Seas as important biological hotspots responding to the recent changes in environmental conditions.     

Stipe Length as an Indicator of Reproductive Maturity in the Kelp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ecklonia cava</Emphasis>

We conducted testing to determine whether stipe length is a useful indicator of reproductive maturity in the kelp Ecklonia cava, a species that plays a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning and services in subtidal areas. Approximately 100 sporophytes with stipes of various lengths were collected during the fertile period (July–November, 2013). We investigated the relationships between stipe length and other morphological characteristics to determine whether stipe length could indicate the age of reproductive maturity. Primary blade length, longest blade length, thallus height, and total length showed significant relationships with stipe length. The length of the primary and longest blades gradually declined as stipe length increased above 125 mm. Zoosporangial sori were found on the blades of more than 70% of individuals with stipes longer than 125 mm, but on only 8% of individuals with stipes less than 125 mm long. Stipe length therefore seems to be an acceptable proxy for reproductive maturity. Another factor to consider, however, is that all specimens with zoosporangial sori, regardless of stipe length, had a dry weight of 80 g or more; thus, individual biomass may also be an important parameter influencing the initiation of reproduction.     

中国半干旱地区成雹机制的数值研究

使用中尺度数值模式(WRFV3.7.1)对发生在宁夏南部山区两次降雹天气过程的背景场特征、云宏微观结构以及云内微物理转化机制进行了数值研究。结果表明:该地区冰雹云形成的大气环境水汽含量较少,冰雹的发生主要依靠"上干下湿"的不稳定层结及午后局地加热效应。两次个例发生的环境水汽含量存在较大差异,导致两次雹云个例微物理结构演变特征不同。对数值模拟结果分析发现,宁南山区冰雹云中雪粒子含量较多,雹胚(霰粒)主要通过雪粒子转化而来。霰粒主要通过水汽凝华及碰并过冷云水增长。模拟云中冰雹形成高度相对较低,冰雹形成后主要通过收集过冷云水增长。除碰冻过冷云水外,对过饱和水汽的凝华也是雪、霰、雹粒子质量增长的一个重要来源。模拟得到该地区冰雹云中云雨自动转化过程较弱,雨水主要是通过雪、霰、雹粒子在下落过程中融化形成。雨水在下落过程中蒸发显著。     

近30年六盘山东与西坡降水及空中水汽条件差异特征分析

利用1989-2018年欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的ERA-Interim高时空分辨率(0.125°×0.125°)再分析资料以及气象站降水观测资料,对六盘山区近30年东坡与西坡降水及空中水汽条件差异特征进行诊断分析.结果表明:①近30年六盘山区大气可降水量、700 hPa比湿、水汽通量与降水量空间分布特征较为...     

A Review on the Macromolecular Compositions of Phytoplankton and the Implications for Aquatic Biogeochemistry

Ocean Science Journal - Biochemical composition of phytoplankton is a key indicator of the physiological and nutritional status of phytoplankton. A balanced biochemical pattern represents a healthy...     

光周期对罗氏沼虾幼体生长及能量收支的影响

于１９９５年２－５月,在Ｌ：Ｄ为４：２０,８：１６,１２：１２和２４：０四种光周期条件下,用卤虫无节幼体作饵料增减罗氏沼虾幼体,测定其生长能量收支。结果表明,随着光照时间的延长幼体生长率增大,两者关系为：ｇ＝６．５２４５＋３．６０４５ｌｎＴ,但周期对幼体Ｃ,Ｎ含量和Ｃ：Ｎ值没有显著的影响;     

5种干旱指数在西藏高原地区的适用性评估

为了解不同干旱指标在西藏高原地区的适用性,本文通过利用Pa、MI、SPI、CI和FAO P-M干旱指数对西藏高原月尺度旱情等级进行评估,分析了各指标在描述旱情时的异同,并统计出各种指数的一致性及等级差异。结果表明:近20 a干旱过程中,MI、FAO P-M指数未监测出轻旱等级,而对于中旱、重旱等级,FAO P-M指数表现较好。从空间分布来看,FAO P-M指数在各个地区表现较好。从时间分布来看,FAO P-M指数在不同干旱过程期间,描述的干旱强度和中心位置与实际情况更接近;其次是Pa指数,其他指数综合表现相对较差。5种干旱指数在衡量西藏地区干旱程度上的一致性并不好;从两两指数之间反映干旱程度上出现一致性频次上看出,Pa-FAO P-M指数出现的次数最多,其次是Pa-SPI-CI指数的出现次数,MI-CI指数的出现次数最少。通过差异性分析得出,全区干旱指数不一致率平均大于20%,阿里地区和林芝地区的干旱指数整体不一致率最高,拉萨地区的干旱指数整体不一致率最低。