描述黄河中下游河道横断面形态的新指标

描述河流横断面的窄深程度,无非是用来衡量它对过流能力和输沙能力的影响大小,及其在河流地貌方面的时空上的调整变化。回顾总结了以往描述横断面形态的常用指标,包括河相系数、宽深比,或湿周与平均水深的比值,指出这几种指标在描述黄河中下游河道时所存在的共同缺点:(1)缺乏物理意义;(2)不能真正代表断面的窄深程度;(3)明显的夸大了宽浅和窄深断面的差别。从表称流量的概念出发,作者认为,应该使用具有明确物理意义的等面积的表称流速来描述断面形态。如果用表称流速来衡量黄河下游河南和山东河道的断面形态的差别,就会发现,断面形态的不同,其对过流能力的影响不过1:2,远不象河相系数和宽深比所描述的达到1:6甚至1:11那样的悬殊程度;黄河下游河道主槽“多来多排”的主要影响因素是表称流速。     

预应力锚索技术在大型水库除险加固工程中的应用

介绍了无粘结预应力锚固技术在吉林省二龙山水库除险加固工程中的应用。对造孔、编索、下索、张拉等工艺进行了详细介绍。     

基于PRS的遥感图像地物信息提取模型

点源理论(PRS)是一种面向应用需求的集中信息处理方式。不同尺度、不同分辨率的点都是一定的综合信息场,是客观世界的真实反映。本文在数字图像处理过程中引入点源理论,探讨针对地物空间信息应用服务的遥感信息分析和处理模型,讨论基于点源的图像构造、知识构造及地物模型建造过程,给出基于点源的遥感图像地物提取流程。     

Impacts of Previous Winter Kuroshio SSTA on Summer Rainfall in China

1. IntroductionAs well known, Kuroshio is a famous and strongwest boundary current in the North Pacific. It trans-fers enormous energy from the low latitudes to themid-high latitudes and releases huge heat flux to theatmosphere above (Hsiung, 1985). The variation ofKuroshio exerts great influence on weather and cli-mate in East Asian.During 1950-60s, Lü (1950, 1964) found that thewestern North Pacific SSTA had a close relation withsummer rainfall in China. In the 1970s, evidencesshowed…     

Nio海区冷暖事件的小波功率谱分析

根据NOAA/CPC发布的1950.1~2003.12期间Ni?o海区的SSTA资料,采用小波变换方法分析了SST变化的多时间尺度结构及其强度变化。结果表明,Ni?o各海区的SSTA序列表现出多层次相互嵌套的时频结构,经检验存在着2~7a、8~20a和30a以上尺度的变化周期;10a以上和1a以下时间尺度的周期信号能量较弱,显著性变化周期的能量主要集中在2~7a的周期振荡上;同一事件在不同海区的频率结构也不完全相同,冷暖事件的振荡能量和显著性水平从东向西有低频增大而高频减弱的变化趋势,时域中1970年以后尤为明显。     

定点连续形变长周期频段信息研究

研究了定点连续形变长周期频段信息和块体构造活动的关系。研究结果表明，在川滇菱形块体内，定点连续形变观测获得的长周期频段信息中的长期趋势变化除去仪器零漂等局部干扰外，基本上都和块体运动方向或者块体边界主干断裂活动方式相一致，表明在定点连续形变长周期频段信息中，也存在有与地震孕育有关的地壳形变信息。对其在预报上的作用做了初步研究。     

甘肃省人民政府副秘书长孙公平的开幕式讲话

经中国地震局批准,由甘肃省地震局和西部各有关省、市、自治区地震局倡议发起,西部地区各级政府和防震减灾工作管理部门参加的“中国西部防震减灾论坛”今天在甘肃省酒泉市正式成立并举行首届大会,并将对西部防震减灾工作进行深入研讨。中国地震局刘玉辰副局长和中国工程院谢礼立院士等莅临指导,中国地震局有关部门和西部省、市地震部门领导及专家学者光临会议,这不仅是我省防震减灾工作的荣誉,而且也是西部地区防震减灾发展历史上的一大喜事。在此我代表甘肃省政府表示衷心的欢迎与祝贺。中国西部地区约占全国面积的三分之二,是我国强地震…     

Magnetotelluric data inversion with seismic data constraint

Introduction The research on the structure and physical property of ancient hidden hill, igneous rocks and basement is relatively difficult by using seismic data only. If we combine seismic data, magneto-telluric (MT) data and geophysical data together, better results can be obtained for the above problem. A number of geophysicists at home and abroad, such as CHEN and WANG (1990), Siri-punvarapor and Egbert (2000) have tried many methods to solve the problem by the inversion of seismic da…     

Inversions for MT data in 2D symmetrical anisotropic media

Introduction Ready and Renkin (1971) were the first to make the research on anisotropy problems in magnetotellurics (MT). The progress in the research is not evident because it is more complex and difficult than isotropic problems. Now, the one-dimensional (1D) anisotropy problems in MT have been well solved, while for the two-dimensional (2D) cases, the numerical solutions have only been obtained for some particular conditions (Ready and Renkin, 1975). As to the three-dimensional (3D) ani…     

On the applicability of KirchofPs law and the principle of heat balance in thermal infrared remote sensing:A non-isothermal system

This paper proposes a basic equation of thermal radiation interaction between surface objects on the basis of the principle of heat balance in the interface. The solution of this equation takes account of the contribution of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux more completely, compared with traditional solution for surface cooling and heating processes. By the aid of the experimental data conducted in the Xiaotangshan experimental site, Beijing, both the non-applicability of Kirchoff's law and the measurability of surface emissivity in a non-isothermal system have been highlighted. Two methods called ventilation and time-delay compensations have been proposed to reduce the error induced by change of surface temperatures of non-isothermal objects during the measurement of emissivity. Based on the solution of the basic equation, this paper has analyzed and pointed out the misunderstanding in comprehension and application of Kirchoff's law published in literature.