健康视角下城市建成环境对老年人日常步行活动的影响研究

“健康老龄化”背景下,促进身体活动是提升老年人健康水平的重要方式,也是当前多学科交叉研究的热点。依托南京市居民身体活动调查数据,选择老年人日常生活中最普遍且有益健康的步行活动作为研究主题,探究建成环境的影响,以期为相关理论与实践提供有益探索。研究表明：① 老年人日常步行空间范围可作为步行所涉及建成环境边界,不同类型的主要活动场所则可识别建成环境要素需求差异。② 日常生活所涉及的公共开放空间、商业及公共服务设施的密集性,以及主观建成环境感知对老年人交通性/休闲性步行活动具有显著影响。③ 基于老年人日常步行活动习惯及建成环境对步行活动的影响,可从有效供给日常步行生活空间、积极引导健康生活方式方面提出相应规划策略。     

长三角地区港口腹地范围演化及其影响机制

本文尝试将海港和内河港的腹地范围演化纳入统一的研究框架。运用场强模型划分2001年、2008年和2016年长三角主要海港和内河港口的直接腹地范围,分析其演化特征,总结演化最显著的两大龙头港口——上海港和宁波港的腹地演化影响机制。结果表明：① 港口场强分布特征是以三大海港为龙头形成三大高场强集聚区。② 港口直接腹地演化最明显的特征是宁波港扩张的腹地范围基本来自上海港收缩的腹地范围。③ 上海港的直接腹地范围不断被宁波港袭夺是因为上海港通过市场主导和行政协调的机制,扩展了沿着长江布局的内河港口群水水中转的间接腹地,而非直接陆地腹地;相反,宁波港主要依靠行政机制和逐渐强化的市场力量,使直接陆地腹地范围逐渐延展到浙江全省。     

溶剂萃取原子吸收光谱法测定高纯石英砂中痕量铁

高纯石英砂用HF等溶剂溶解并蒸干后,在微酸性介质中用抗坏血酸还原Fe^3＋为Fe^2＋,与1,10-二氮杂菲形成Fe2＋3络合物,加入适量ClO4^-阴离子与之形成离子缔合物,用硝基苯萃取,原子吸收测定有机相,本法检出限1.1μg/g,样品分析结果的RSD%为：4.52～10.3.     

平原农区土地综合整治与乡村转型发展协同机制

平原农区是保障国家粮食安全的核心区,土地综合整治与乡村转型发展协同有利于缓解平原农区经济发展、耕地保护、生态保育等多重压力,保障乡村振兴政策落实。本文以“问题研判—策略梳理—机制构建—实证检验”为研究主线,探讨两者协同机制。研究表明：① 平原农区“三生”空间利用冲突显著,生产空间低值低效、生活空间无序空废、生态空间污损衰退共同制约乡村转型发展;② 面向土地价值提升、人居环境改善、产业融合发展的土地综合整治优化策略,有利于推动乡村转型发展;③ 新时期,土地综合整治由“以地为本”单要素调控转向“人、地、业、权”多要素协同综合整治,权利重组、空间重构、产业重塑是推动土地综合整治与乡村转型发展协同的核心机制;④ 平原农区典型地区禹城市,聚焦土地权属调整、空心村整治和现代产业培育,实现土地综合整治与乡村转型发展的协同推进。本文有利于深化平原农区人地系统科学新认知,为构建现代化国土空间治理体系和全面推进乡村振兴提供实践参考。     

耕地粮食生产潜力及人口承载力研究——以长清县为例

以长清县为例 ,利用 GIS技术和遥感数据 ,按照“机制法”原理计算耕地资源粮食生产潜力。重点是因地制宜、科学确定并计算土壤有效系数和社会有效系数 ,从而得到耕地生产潜力和社会生产潜力像元分布数据。在此基础上 ,进行粮食增产潜力计算 ,并预测未来人口数量发展趋势 ,探讨未来的人口承载力问题。结果表明 :该县粮食增产潜力巨大 ,但是粮食问题仍不容乐观。     

科学大洋钻探中的新技术

大洋钻探诸多科学目标的实现与包括钻探、取芯、测试和海底观测技术在内的各种新技术的开发和革新密不可分。即将开展的IODP计划,将对各种技术提出新的要求。在钻探技术上,将联合使用多平台,以实现区域更广深度更大的钻探作业;在取芯技术上,取样范围更广,从各种岩石取样到地下流体的取样,并要求样品保持原始状态,同时确保获得更高的岩芯采收率;在测试上,要求采用随钻测试技术,以适时地获得地下真实信息;在观测技术上,要求开发各种工具,去除由于钻探造成的扰动,使得各种观测仪器能够进行长期的跟踪观测。     

A multi‐proxy sediment record of late Holocene and recent climate change from a lake near Ny‐Ålesund,Svalbard

Jiang, S., Liu, X., Sun, J., Yuan, L., Sun, L. & Wang, Y. 2011: A multi‐proxy sediment record of late Holocene and recent climate change from a lake near Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard. Boreas, Vol. 40, pp. 468–480. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00198.x. ISSN 0300‐9483 The Arctic constitutes a unique and important environment with a significant role in the dynamics and evolution of the earth system. Arctic lake sediments, which accumulate slowly over time, contain abundant information about the biological communities that lived within the water body, as well as in the surrounding catchment. In this study, we collected a sediment core from Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, performed multi‐proxy analyses on sediment pigments, mineral magnetic susceptibility, various sediment quality (i. e. organic matter content, CaCO₃ content, carbon and nitrogen isotope), and diatom composition, and reconstructed the history of ecosystem responses to environmental variations, especially regarding aquatic productivity and lake catchment surface processes. Ny‐Ålesund has undergone distinct ecological and climatic changes. During the Little Ice Age, the cold climate was unfavourable for the growth of lake algae, and therefore the lake primary productivity declined. After about AD 1890 and during the 20th century, the warming climate and reduced ice cover led to rapid lithological change and growth of lake algae, enhanced lake primary productivity, and increased input of nutrients derived from increased chemical weathering into the lake. The lake ecosystem on Ny‐Ålesund has had rapid responses to climatic and environmental changes in the Arctic.     

信息安全实验管理系统的实现及其系统中安全问题的解决

B／S模式的应用系统都要面对安全的问题，身份认证和访问控制是实现计算机安全的主要手段。介绍了基于Web的信息安全实验管理系统，分析了系统的体系架构和功能，针对B／S模式的安全威胁，采用了两个方案实现身份认证和访问控制。     

The impacts of urbanization on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region

The accelerated urbanization has resulted in new soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region since the 1980s. A concept of urban erosion and its impacts on environment are discussed. The experimental studies and field investigations show that those loose silt and earth piles formed by urban construction can be eroded seriously: Under stormy rain, the amount of sediment from steep man-dumped slope is 10.8-12.2 times that of from uncovered slope land; the result of experiments with the wind tunnel also shows that the damage to the surface structure of dry loess can cause serious soil erosion by wind in some cities of the region. Even if in the urban built-up area, there are many loose sandy soil, mud and silt, which are washed into rivers by city’s ground flow in the rainy season. So, anthropogenically induced soil erosion has made soil erosion more serious around the urban areas. And the urban eroded environment has several characteristics such as fragility, complexity, seasonality and quick variability. Urban areas witness a quick economic growth and have more construction projects than rural areas, which brings more intensive changes of environments during a short period of time or adds some new elements to the erosion system. Therefore erosion has experienced more intensive impact by human activities. So, the possible impact of urbanization on erosion environment must be taken into consideration when designing or planning to exploit natural resources or to develop urban areas in the Loess Plateau.     

低碳盐湖提锂:高渗透选择性纳滤膜和正渗透膜材料

报道了联合基金项目“面向青海盐湖卤水锂提取过程强化的高性能中空纤维正渗透膜材料的设计研究”的最新进展。研究从吸附/解吸或稀释盐湖卤水出发,采用“纳滤－正渗透膜”耦合工艺纯化和浓缩Li+浓度至3 wt.%用于碳酸锂沉淀。研究重点是制备高渗透分离性能的层层自组装中空纤维纳滤膜和正渗透膜材料。通过基膜孔结构和物化性能与层层自组装纳滤膜性能和界面聚合正渗透膜性能之间的关系研究及系列技术攻关,已完成四寸中空纤维纳滤膜和正渗透膜的制备,技术指标达到项目指标。项目研究为青海盐湖锂提取提供了核心的分离和浓缩膜材料。