川西甲基卡矿床外围中酸性侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

在川西甲基卡矿床外围新发现了建巴村中酸性侵入岩体,为了探讨其形成时代、成岩构造背景及其成矿条件,开展了LA-ICP-MC锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学特征研究.结果表明:该岩体的结晶年龄为(211.8±1.0)Ma;岩石属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性准铝质中酸性侵入岩系列,具有I型花岗岩类的特征,其物质来源可能为壳源物质与幔源物质部分熔融.地球化学特征表明其形成于后碰撞环境,与此时期内川西地区的区域性岩浆活动相对应.建巴村岩体的构造位置及岩浆活动特征指示其可能不具备形成伟晶岩矿床的条件.     

Early Permian–Late Triassic Magmatism in the Tuotuohe Region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: Constraints on the Tectonic evolution of the Western Segment of the Jinshajiang Suture

In this paper we present new zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock major and trace element analyses, and zircon Hf isotopic data for magmatic rocks in the Tuotuohe region of the western segment of the Jinshajiang suture. Our aim is to constrain the Early Permian–Late Triassic tectonic evolution of the region. Zircons from the magmatic rocks of the Tuotuohe region are euhedral–subhedral in shape and display fine-scale oscillatory zoning as well as high Th/U ratios(0.4–4.6), indicating a magmatic origin. The zircon U–Pb ages obtained using LA–ICP–MS are 281 ± 1 Ma, 258 ± 1 Ma, 244 ± 1 Ma, and 216 ± 1 Ma, which indicate magmatism in the Early Permian–Late Triassic. A diorite from Bashihubei(BSHN) has SiO2 = 57.18–59.97 wt%, Al2O3 = 15.70–16.53 wt%, and total alkalis(Na2O + K2O) = 4.46–6.34 wt%, typical of calc-alkaline and metaluminous series. A gabbro from Bashibadaoban(BSBDB) belongs to the alkaline series, and is poor in SiO2(45.46–54.03 wt%) but rich in Al2O3(16.19–17.39 wt%) and total alkalis(Na2O + K2O = 5.48–6.26 wt%). The BSHN diorite and the BSBDB gabbro both display an enrichment of LREEs and LILEs and depletion of HFSEs, and they have no obvious Eu anomaly; they have relatively low MgO contents(2.54–4.93 wt%), Mg# values of 43 to 52, and low Cr and Ni contents(8.07–33.6 ppm and 4.41–14.2 ppm, respectively), indicating they differentiated from primitive mantle magmas. They have low Nb/U, Ta/U, and Ce/Pb ratios(1.3–9.6, 0.2–0.8, and 0.1–18.1, respectively), and their initial Hf isotopic ratios range from +9.6 to +16.9(BSHN diorite) and +6.5 to +12.6(BSBDB gabbro), suggesting their primary magmas were derived mainly from the partial melting of a mantle wedge that had been metasomatized by subduction fluids. Taking all the new data together, we conclude that the western and eastern segment of the Jinshajiang suture regions underwent identical processes of evolution in the Early Permian–Late Triassic: oceanic crust subduction before the Early Permian, continental collision during the Early–Middle Triassic, and post-collisional extension from the Late Triassic.     

The Insect Oviposition Firstly Discovered on the Middle Jurassic Ginkgoales Leaf from Inner Mongolia,China

Although the evidence of insect oviposition on plant organs has been reported from the late Paleozoic to the Miocene, record from the middle Jurassic is still blank. This paper reports a significant evidence of insect oviposition on plant leaf from the middle Jurassic for the first time. The ovipositional scar is distributed on the abaxial surface of Sphenobaiera leaf（Ginkgoales） from the middle Jurassic Daohugou Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. A new ichnospecies Paleoovoidus venustus sp. nov. is described. The scar is elliptic to oval, arranged in longitudinal rows between leaf veins with almost regular distance, with its long axis paralleling to the leaf venation. This discovery adds new information to the morphology of insect endophytic oviposition probably produced by Odonata existed in a terrestrial ecosystem ~165 Ma ago. The new materials also provide important data for the study of insect reproductive biology, plant-insect interaction and coevolution, as well as understanding the paleoclimate and palaeoenvironment during that time in northeast China.     

覆盖型岩溶潜蚀塌陷临界裂隙开度模型试验研究

通过模型试验和理论分析,研究了裂隙开度对覆盖型岩溶潜蚀塌陷的影响及其变化规律。结果表明,临界裂隙开度是覆盖型潜蚀塌陷的关键控制因素,受覆盖层土质、密实度、临界水力梯度等因素的影响,初步提出了临界裂隙开度的估算方法。     

岩石应力-应变过程中渗透率变化分析

岩石空隙率与空隙的几何性质是影响其渗透率的关键因素。通过分析渗透率-应变曲线与岩石破坏过程的对应关系,指出岩石的渗透率与岩石的体应变密切相关。在压密区间内,岩石的渗透率呈现为负指数下降;峰前膨胀区间内,渗透率快速增加,并在末期形成贯通性的渗透通道;在峰后阶段由于部分通道被堵塞,渗透率发生下降。同时,将断裂力学推广到考虑岩石介质的微观破坏不均匀性,指出岩石渗透率的变化主要是由尺度等级较小的微破裂的相互作用和生长引起的主干断裂,进而形成贯通性的渗透通道。     

三峡水库调节作用对长江近河口段水文水动力特性影响

为了评估三峡水库蓄水对长江感潮河段水文水动力特性的影响,建立了具有预测功能的水动力模型。考虑径流与潮流之间的相互作用,模型在只有上边界流量过程的条件下可以给出下边界的潮位过程。在此基础上应用一维河网非恒定流数学模型,对三峡水库蓄水前后长江近河口段大通—徐六泾的水流运动进行了10年的数值模拟。统计分析结果表明,水库调蓄作用对感潮河段各站的潮位累积频率及水文水动力因素的年内过程变化影响甚大。     

含初始缺陷地铁隧道的抗震动力学行为研究

针对含初始缺陷的既有地铁隧道受邻近穿越隧道施工影响的首都地铁隧道工程背景,基于有限差分方法,通过对既有地铁车站结构受邻近隧道穿越后的抗震性能研究,揭示其抗震动力响应机理。结果表明,在邻近隧道穿越影响下,含初始缺陷的既有隧道各薄弱控制点在地震作用下位移和应力动力时程的波动趋势具有相似性,说明衬砌结构是整体运动的,其位移、应力较穿越前均有所增加,边墙和仰拱在穿越后抗震性能影响最大,剪切破坏主要以车站结构周边土体为主,新线穿越后其剪切破坏分布范围有所增大,应进行注浆加固处理,与自身结构刚度相匹配,提高抗震能力。     

盆山结构与油气分布——以四川盆地为例

根据四川盆地与周缘造山带地貌学、深浅部结构构造及动力学机制等, 其盆山结构可分为板缘(龙门山、米仓山和大巴山)突变型和板内(齐岳山、大娄山和大凉山)渐变型两类。板缘突变型盆山结构具有显著深部结构差异性,浅部构造具典型冲断带(山)和前陆盆地(盆)二元结构,其盆山耦合关系主要受控于深部结构的差异性和造山带的形成演化过程,现今山盆地貌反差大,地形坡度陡,盆山边界明晰。板内渐变型盆山结构, 则深部结构特征相似,浅部构造具挤压-坳陷结构、不发育大规模冲断推覆,现今山盆地貌反差小、盆山边界不清, 盆山为渐变过渡关系,其盆山耦合关系主要受控于邻区(盆外)的构造变形和盆内沉积盖层中多层次滑脱作用。不同盆山结构主要通过对现今四川盆地保存条件的影响而控制现今油气分布。四川盆地现今(残存)大中型油气藏和天然气探明储量的大部分主要分布于突变型盆山结构区,尤其是秦岭构造变形控制域。     

全吉地区新元古代滨岸冰川沉积特征及地质意义

柴达木盆地北缘全吉地区枯柏木组发现新元古代冰海沉积物,该地层保留了冰筏卸载及滨岸波浪共同作用的痕迹。通过对全吉山、欧龙布鲁克山及大煤沟三个剖面冰海相冰成岩沉积特征的系统描述与分析,建立了滨岸冰川沉积模式。冰成岩顶部发现铁质砂岩层,证实本区新元古代发生过铁质富集事件。结合前人年代学证据及冰成岩与BIF铁矿的伴生关系判断该冰成岩为第一期全球性冰川事件——Sturtian冰期的产物,首次确定该区存在前震旦纪冰川事件。通过冰川事件的对比认为该区麻黄沟组及枯柏木组应划归为青白口系,确定该区存在青白口纪稳定沉积层。     

大水位落差深井止水修复方案及实施效果分析

以山西潞安集团和顺李阳煤业有限公司大水位落差深井止水修复方案及实施效果为工程实例,对该工程先后实施的管内注浆法、管外注浆法、衬管固井法、同径水泥架桥法、泄压通桥法等止水修复方案进行了详细分析,总结了其成功的经验,可为类似旧井修复工程或新井施工工程提供借鉴和指导。