Avoidance response of sediment living amphipods to zinc pyrithione as a measure of sediment toxicity

An avoidance test was developed using non-cultured individuals of the sediment dwelling amphipod Monoporeia affinis. As test substance we used zinc pyrithione, an antifouling agent and a common shampoo ingredient. The toxicity to Daphnia and fish is well known but sediment toxicity of this very hydrophobic compound is less known. The preference of juvenile M. affinis was tested in jars, each including 12 petri dishes. In each replicate, half of the petri dishes contained sediment mixed with six concentrations ranging from 0 to 10microg zinc pyrithione per L sediment and half of the petri dishes contained the corresponding sediment-substance mixture plus an extra food addition. The amphipods significantly avoided petri dishes with the three highest concentrations of zinc pyrithione and the calculated EC(50) was 9.65microgL(-1) sediment. No difference in mortality was observed between concentrations. Using the avoidance behaviour in sediment toxicity testing is a simple and cost-effective screening for toxicants.     

Does heavy oil pollution induce bacterial diseases in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus?

As basic research for the effect of heavy oil on the fish immune system, in this study, the number of leukocyte was counted in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, after exposure to heavy oil at a concentration of 30 g/8L for 3 days. To compare the numbers of bacteria in the skin mucus between oil-exposed and control fish, viable bacteria were enumerated by counting colony forming unit (CFU). Compared with 5.79+/-1.88 x 10(7)leukocytes/mL in the controls, the exposed fish demonstrated higher counts, averaging 1.45+/-0.45 x 10(8)cells/mL. The bacterial numbers of control fish were 4.27+/-3.68 x 10(4)CFU/g, whereas they were 4.58+/-1.63 x 10(5)CFU/g in the exposed fish. The results suggest that immune suppression of the fish occurred due to heavy oil stressor, and bacteria could invade in the mucus, resulting in the increasing leukocyte number to prevent infectious disease.     

Estimating hydraulic parameters when poroelastic effects are significant

For almost 80 years, deformation-induced head changes caused by poroelastic effects have been observed during pumping tests in multilayered aquifer-aquitard systems. As water in the aquifer is released from compressive storage during pumping, the aquifer is deformed both in the horizontal and vertical directions. This deformation in the pumped aquifer causes deformation in the adjacent layers, resulting in changes in pore pressure that may produce drawdown curves that differ significantly from those predicted by traditional groundwater theory. Although these deformation-induced head changes have been analyzed in several studies by poroelasticity theory, there are at present no practical guidelines for the interpretation of pumping test data influenced by these effects. To investigate the impact that poroelastic effects during pumping tests have on the estimation of hydraulic parameters, we generate synthetic data for three different aquifer-aquitard settings using a poroelasticity model, and then analyze the synthetic data using type curves and parameter estimation techniques, both of which are based on traditional groundwater theory and do not account for poroelastic effects. Results show that even when poroelastic effects result in significant deformation-induced head changes, it is possible to obtain reasonable estimates of hydraulic parameters using methods based on traditional groundwater theory, as long as pumping is sufficiently long so that deformation-induced effects have largely dissipated.     

三峡大坝三期混凝土表面缺陷修补材料选择及工艺优化研究

混凝土表面缺陷处理的施工质量,主要取决于修补材料的正确选用和修补工艺的正确操作。修补材料主要包括表层缺陷修补材料、混凝土表面保护和浅层修补材料及孔槽填补材料;工艺优化主要包括湿润养护工艺优化、大面积修补工艺优化、小孔洞填补工艺优化、大孔洞填补工艺优化。三峡大坝三期工程混凝土表面缺陷处理的修补材料,都经过推荐、调查、室内...     

城乡建设用地增减挂钩拆旧适宜性研究

评价指标体系的构建是进行拆旧区适宜性评价的基础,文章通过分析挂钩拆旧区适宜性内涵、分析其构成要素,基于评价指标体系构建的一般原则构建了拆旧区适宜性理论评价模型,在此基础上通过专家筛选、相关性分析、鉴别力分析,最终确定了四个方面,分别是自然条件、经济可行性、农户意愿和农村居民点用地利用状况,在此基础上又细分29个指标.研究成果可以为筛选合适的挂钩拆旧区提供决策信息和参考依据.     

利用人工神经网络由孔隙度预测渗透率

利用人工神经网络，可以由钻孔的孔隙度值预测同深度下的渗透率值。使用的是一种很适合进行预测的反向传播的网络结构。在传统的回归分析法预测渗透率的过程中，通常假定孔隙度和渗透率的关系是已知的。但实际上，这些函数形式即模式方程并不确定。而神经网络法并不事先对这种函数关系作任何假设。在亚拉巴马州南部的Ｂｉｇ Ｅｓｃａｍｂｉａ Ｃｒｅｅｋ（ＢＥＣ）侏罗纪Ｓｍａｃｋｏｖｅｒ碳酸盐岩油田，我们选择了６口井来检验该     

中国西部典型岩浆铂族元素矿床超常富集成矿机制

中国西部探明了一系列与新元古代以来幔源岩浆有关的镍铜铂族元素(platinum group elements, PGE)岩浆矿床,华北克拉通新元古代金川镍铜铂族硫化物矿床、峨眉山二叠纪大火成岩省金宝山铂族元素矿床等记录了不同构造环境幔源岩浆PGE超常富集成矿过程。亲铁性的铂族元素高度富集于地核,深部地幔起源、高程度部分熔融形成的镁铁质岩浆中PGE含量较高,地幔岩浆系统不同条件下铂族元素以纳米态元素簇、合金、硫化物熔体或超临界流体运移-聚集成矿,在阶段性岩浆房多阶段、多途径富集,成矿作用类型丰富。华北-华南克拉通岩石圈地幔PGE含量均略高于原始地幔值;华北克拉通岩石圈地幔PGE含量从古生代到中新生代略有降低,表明存在PGE抽取岩浆事件。中国西部新元古代以来的幔源岩浆源区PGE不亏损、岩浆活动时间长、岩浆-硫化物相互作用PGE多阶段富集及地幔柱岩浆动力学背景是PGE超常富集成矿的有利地质条件,其控制因素及动力学背景的认识对查明PGE成矿潜力和拓展资源储量具有重要意义。     

全量萃取火焰原子吸收法测定岩石、土壤中微量钼的研究

本文研究了测定时的萃取酸度,有机相与水相的体积比,酒石酸、抗坏血酸、硫氰酸钾和硝硫混酸用量对测定结果的影响,做了萃取分离后共存元素干扰测定,经与国家一级标准物质对比分析,验证结果与标准相符。     

基于逻辑回归的CA模型的重庆市沙坪坝区土地利用变化模拟研究

以重庆市沙坪坝区为研究区,利用2010年、2012年的数据得出土地利用变化信息,利用基于逻辑回归的CA模型理论对土地利用变化、城市扩展进行模拟研究,并结合实际的政策对其发展变化过程和生态环境影响进行分析与比较。结果显示该研究区域内在今后一个时期,建设用地将持续增加,耕地资源将因城市建设而继续减少。     

基于OpenGL的地下管线三维缓冲分析算法研究及应用

三维空间关系比二维要复杂得多,它们的缓冲分析功能也多是基于二维数据运算,基本没有实现构建管线实体的三维缓冲体,非真正意义上的三维缓冲分析。该文采用断面与体面三角剖分拟合的方法,基于OpenGL构建了管线实体的点、线、体的三维缓冲体模型,实现了管线实体的缓冲体分析,验证了缓冲体分析算法的有效性和正确性。