Dynamic Response and Mechanical Behaviours of Geogrid for High Earth-rockfill Dams

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Due to the complexity of the interaction between the geogrid and the soil interface in high earth-rock dams, the method of replacing the grid with steel...     

Coupling a 1D-local inertia 2D hydraulic model for flood dispatching simulation in a floodplain under joint control of multiple gates

Natural Hazards - A 2D local inertial equations model coupled with a 1D hydraulic model was established to simulate flood dispatching in river and flood detention areas. A simplified first-order...     

Rapid forecasting of urban flood inundation using multiple machine learning models

Natural Hazards - Urban flood inundation is worsening as the number of short-duration rainstorms increases, and it is difficult to accurately predict urban flood inundation over a long lead time;...     

Identifying urban–rural differences in social vulnerability to natural hazards: a case study of China

Identifying and analyzing the urban–rural differences of social vulnerability to natural hazards is imperative to ensure that urbanization develops in a way that lessens the impacts of disasters and generate building resilient livelihoods in China. Using data from the 2000 and 2010 population censuses, this study conducted an assessment of the social vulnerability index (SVI) by applying the projection pursuit cluster model. The temporal and spatial changes of social vulnerability in urban and rural areas were then examined during China’s rapid urbanization period. An index of urban–rural differences in social vulnerability (SVI_D) was derived, and the global and local Moran’s I of the SVI_D were calculated to assess the spatial variation and association between the urban and rural SVI. In order to fully determine the impacts of urbanization in relation to social vulnerability, a spatial autoregressive model and Bivariate Moran’s I between urbanization and SVI were both calculated. The urban and rural SVI both displayed a steadily decreasing trend from 2000 to 2010, although the urban SVI was always larger than the rural SVI in the same year. In 17.5% of the prefectures, the rural SVI was larger than the urban SVI in 2000, but was smaller than the urban SVI in 2010. About 12.6% of the urban areas in the prefectures became less vulnerable than rural areas over the study period, while in more than 51.73% of the prefectures the urban–rural SVI gap decreased over the same period. The SVI_D values in all prefectures had a significantly positive spatial autocorrelation and spatial clusters were apparent. Over time, social vulnerability to natural hazards at the prefecture-level displayed a gathering–scattering pattern across China. Though a regional variation of social vulnerability developed during China’s rapid urbanization, the overall trend was for a steady reduction in social vulnerability in both urban and rural areas.

     

新疆阿尔泰可可托海伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床中磷灰石地球化学特征及意义

磷灰石可以记录和保存岩浆和热液活动的信息。可可托海伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床磷灰石发育,为研究该矿床伟晶岩成岩成矿过程提供了优良的条件。已有对可可托海伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床磷灰石的研究集中在其稀土元素特征,较少讨论其对伟晶岩成岩成矿过程的制约。本文选取可可托海伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床富矿伟晶岩脉(3号脉)和相对贫矿伟晶岩脉(1号、2b号和3a号脉)中的磷灰石作为研究对象,进行磷灰石岩相学和地球化学研究。岩相学分析表明,磷灰石主要与钠长石、石英、白云母、锰铝榴石等伴生。EPMA分析显示,磷灰石F含量为3.67%～4.41%,Cl含量小于0.67%,较低的Cl含量表明伟晶岩熔体出溶的流体Cl含量较低;大部分磷灰石MnO含量为4.67%～8.71%,但2b号脉磷灰石MnO含量变化较大(1.23%～14.28%),这是由于2b号脉磷灰石具有分带结构,暗示其遭受后期热液作用,促使磷灰石溶解-再沉淀,导致MnO含量发生较大变化。LA-ICP-MS分析显示,贫矿伟晶岩脉磷灰石的稀土元素含量较低(180×10~(-6));相反,富矿伟晶岩脉磷灰石的稀土元素含量较高( 700×10~(-6)),并具有明显的四分组效应(TE_(1-3)平均值为1.7)。1号脉和3a号脉磷灰石均显示轻稀土元素富集,反映其形成过程中有含Cl热液的参与。3号脉磷灰石显示强烈Eu负异常和Ce正异常,而2b号脉磷灰石显示强烈Ce负异常和中等Eu负异常,这种Eu、Ce异常的差异可能与岩浆-热液阶段大量流体出溶密切相关。磷灰石的沉淀将导致热液中HF含量的降低,促使磷灰石周围铌钽矿结晶和Nb、Ta进入磷灰石中。可见,在伟晶岩形成过程中,磷灰石并非保持稳定,其分带结构和主微量成分变化记录了后期热液活动,暗示后期热液活动对伟晶岩的成矿具有重要作用。     

戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质调查中综合地球物理方法与实践

戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质填图是新时期地质调查工作的重点内容之一.覆盖区地质填图的基本目标包括两个方面,一是揭示覆盖层下伏基岩面地质结构,即填绘基岩面地质图;二是揭示覆盖层地质结构,包括地表覆盖层地质结构和覆盖层的三维地质结构.综合利用地球物理方法可以获得覆盖区地下地质结构、岩石属性、沉积物分布与层状结构等信息.而经济有效地选择和组合实施地球物理方法是完成覆盖区地质填图目标任务的重要保障.基于近年在新疆东天山地区开展的覆盖区地质填图工作,提出了针对多覆盖层结构背景下地质填图的综合地球物理方法组合的技术策略.综合地球物理方法以及新技术在巴里坤盆地和哈密盆地的应用展示了其效果,并为在戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质调查过程中如何开展地球物理工作提供了示范和借鉴.      

东昆仑地区驼路沟钴(金)矿床硅质钠长岩锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素特征研究

东昆仑驼路沟钴(金)矿床是青海省发现的首个独立大型喷流沉积型矿床,说明容矿围岩为一套海相火山-沉积岩系。本文在野外调查的基础上,对该矿区短沟矿段YM1坑口的硅质钠长岩进行岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb年代学及Hf同位素分析。结果表明,区内钠长岩的形成年龄为(457.3±4.6)Ma,佐证了该矿区喷流作用成岩与成矿的同时性;另外获得9.20~1.10 Ga和2.40~2.50 Ga的2个年龄集中区,说明了研究区基底演化和源区物质的复杂性。Hf同位素显示为两个集中区,其中年龄峰值422~459 Ma的锆石获得εHf(t)值为-0.61~12.72,表明锆石母岩主要为新生的地壳物质,指示硅质钠长岩的形成与海底火山喷发作用密切相关;另外0.85~1.10 Ga的锆石εHf(t)值为-15.09~-0.07,其锆石母岩中主要为再造的古老地壳,表明该区基底源区物质的复杂性。通过区域对比分析,认为驼路沟矿区含矿火山-沉积岩系形成时代与钠长岩年龄、成矿年龄非常接近,喷流沉积时代应为晚奥陶世。     

晚中生代沂沭断裂带左旋韧性剪切与岩浆迁移规律

沂沭断裂带内部的岩浆侵入与断裂活动关系密切,开展沂沭断裂带内部岩浆年代学研究,对于沂沭断裂带构造背景研究具有积极的参考意义。选取沂沭断裂带内部的莒县浮来山正长岩体、边部的莒南官坊石英正长岩体及侵入该岩体的闪长玢岩脉,开展岩石学及年代学研究。首次发现晚中生代沂沭断裂带左旋韧性剪切,获得浮来山岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(125.1±1.7) Ma,官坊岩体年龄为(125.6±2.0) Ma, 发生韧性变形的闪长玢岩脉年龄为(122.8±2.1) Ma。获得的125 Ma岩浆活动年龄与沂沭断裂带东侧的五莲变质核杂岩快速剥露(122~128 Ma)、诸城断陷盆地快速沉降的时间相吻合,该时期沂沭断裂带处于岩石圈减薄与破坏强烈的时期;闪长玢岩脉的122.8 Ma结晶年龄,与五莲变质核杂岩后构造岩体(石场、坊子岩体等)结晶年龄一致,该时期沂沭断裂带处于弱伸展状态,同时也说明胶东半岛岩石圈减薄具有时间上的一致性。晚中生代时期,沂沭断裂带两侧岩浆活动具有逆时针迁移的规律,这一规律可能与伊佐奈岐板块向欧亚板块俯冲的方向、角度、速度的变换有关。     

复杂环境条件下地铁降水回灌系统设计与研究

针对北京市地铁丰益桥南站和丰益桥南站—终点区间施工降水回灌场地周边复杂环境,基于抽水试验、场地回灌试验、周边回灌试验等,从回灌池的深度、回灌井的深度、单井回灌水量、回灌井布置等方面设计了回灌系统.分别采用解析法和数值法检验了回灌系统方案的合理性,最终确定了以84眼小口径井和1眼大口井进行补充的回灌方案能满足施工降水排水需求.经实际运行显示,系统回灌总量7261×104 m3,实现了地铁降水排水100％资源性回灌.     

A three-dimensional large-deformation random finite-element study of landslide runout considering spatially varying soil

Landslides - Landslide is a uniquely dynamic large-deformation process that can present serious threat to human lives and infrastructures. The natural soil properties often exhibit inherent spatial...