西藏北部双湖-澜沧江缝合带中晚二叠世动力变质岩特征及地质意义

双湖-澜沧江缝合带是一条十分重要的板块缝合带,在带内的白云母石英构造片岩中获得251.5±2.6Ma年龄,表明韧性变形的时代为晚二叠世,认为是晚二叠世—早三叠世双湖-澜沧江缝合带A型俯冲碰撞期构造变形的产物。     

虚拟仿真技术在测绘工程实践教学中的应用

实践教学是测绘工程本科教学中不可缺少的关键环节,文中结合当前测绘专业实践教学需求及其存在的不足,构建多种实验组合的虚拟仿真实践教学平台,实现网上演示教学、训练、实践指导和考核反馈等功能,形成"产-学-研"合一的实践教学体系.该平台便于学生课外自主学习,丰富实践教学的项目,实现精细化教学质量控制,发展学生的创新思维和综合应用能力,可供其他对仪器操作技能要求较高的类似课程或专业开展网络教学和构建实践教学平台借鉴.     

Benthic meiofauna community composition at polluted and non-polluted sites in New Zealand intertidal environments

Meiofauna composition was investigated for six field sites, including polluted and non-polluted sites, within two regions (Auckland and Bay of Plenty) during winter (July-August 2004) in the North Island of New Zealand. Physico-chemical parameters were measured during the sampling period and meiofauna distribution and abundance were compared with these measured parameters. Analysis of meiofauna abundance indicated that foraminiferans, nematodes and ostracods were the taxa that contributed to the variability between field sites within the Auckland region. However, no clear taxa dominance was seen in the Bay of Plenty region. Comparison of meiofauna abundance and physico-chemical parameters was done using multivariate analysis (PRIMER). However, no clear relationships between the parameters were observed in any field site in either region. The Shannon-Weiner index of diversity did not show any clear differentiation between polluted and non-polluted field sites. Therefore, from the present study, the taxa or physico-chemical parameters used could not effectively characterise pollution at the investigated field sites.     

Carbon isotopes and iodine concentrations in a Mississippi River delta core recording land use, sediment transport, and dam building in the river's drainage basin

Sedimentary material from coastal and nearshore areas in the Mississippi Delta region are comprised of different organic carbon sources with diverse ages that require isotopic and elemental records for resolving the various sources of plant residues. Carbon isotopic ((13)C, (14)C) values were used to differentiate contributions from plants using the C3, C4, and/or CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) carbon fixation pathways., and iodine concentrations indicated that wetland plant residues are a significant source of organic carbon in a sediment core from the Mississippi River delta region collected at a 60 m water depth. This sediment core had been extensively described in Oktay et al. [Oktay, S.D., Santschi, P.H., Moran, J.E., Sharma, P., 2000. The (129)Iodine Bomb Pulse Recorded in Mississippi River delta Sediments: Results from Isotopes of I, Pu, Cs, Pb, and C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64 (6), 989-996.] and significantly, includes unique features that had not previously been seen in the marine environment. These special features include a plutonium isotopic close-in fallout record that indicates a purely terrestrial source for these sediment particles and the elements associated with it, and a distinct iodine isotopic peak (as well as peaks for plutonium and cesium isotopes) that indicate little bioturbation in this core. Our carbon isotopic and iodine data can thus be compared to published records of changes in drainage basin land use, river hydrology, and hydrodynamic sorting of suspended particles to elucidate if these changes are reflected in nearshore sediments. This comparison suggests a significant contribution for organic carbon (OC) from C4 plants to these sediments during the 1950's to early 1960's. Relative older carbon isotopes, and episodically high iodine concentrations (up to 34 ppm) were observed during this time period that (1) indicate sediment deposition that is coincident with the times of major hydrological changes induced from dam and levee building in both the upper and lower reaches of the Mississippi River drainage basin, and (2) suggest episodic organic carbon deposition from wetland plant residues.     

第四纪洞庭盆地赤山隆起与安乡凹陷升降运动的沉积记录

通过地表地质调查和钻井资料,对第四纪洞庭盆地南部赤山隆起及其西侧安乡凹陷的沉积和地貌特征进行研究,进而探讨二者的升降过程。赤山隆起为居于洞庭盆地南部的小型抬升断块,主要受东、西边界正断裂所控制,长约18 km,宽4~5 km。隆起内早更新世汨罗组和中更新世新开铺组、白沙井组组成多级阶地。安乡凹陷内充填200~300 m厚的河流和湖泊相沉积,自下而上依次为早更新世华田组、汨罗组,中更新世洞庭湖组,晚更新世坡头组,全新世湖积、冲积等。地貌与沉积特征表明,早更新世—中更新世中期赤山隆起总体表现出抬升期与稳定期交替的脉动式抬升,而安乡凹陷则表现出缓慢与快速沉降交替的幕式沉降特征;前者构造较稳定期和构造抬升期分别对应于后者缓慢沉降期和快速沉降期。中更新世晚期二者因区域构造反转而整体抬升并遭受剥蚀。晚更新世—全新世安乡凹陷在拗陷背景下接受沉积。上述第四纪早期赤山隆起脉动式抬升与安乡凹陷幕式沉降的对应关系,为洞庭盆地与周边隆起的盆—山耦合过程提供了约束,同时暗示盆地断陷活动可能与地幔上隆导致中地壳物质自凹陷向周边迁移有关。     

湘东北临湘地区钾质煌斑岩~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年及其地球化学特征

对出露于湘东北临湘地区的煌斑岩脉群进行了同位素年龄测定及岩石地球化学分析。研究表明,煌斑岩的全岩40Ar-39Ar年龄为(119.5±2.2)Ma,形成于早白垩世。岩石地球化学方面,岩石属碱性系列、钾质—超钾质煌斑岩;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和高场强元素(HFSE);稀土元素分配模式为相似的右倾轻稀土富集型;具有较小的TDMⅡ值(1.5Ga)和较低的εNd(t)(-7.3)。上述特征暗示煌斑岩物质来源于异常(交代富集)地幔,形成于后造山陆内拉张减薄的构造环境。     

苏北地区老井复查测井综合评价技术及方法研究

随着苏北小油田勘探开发程度的提高,非常规储层日益成为重点勘探开发的对象。苏北地区老井测井资料复查,立足现有的常规测井资料,结合测试等资料,通过扎实的基础工作和测井评价技术和分析方法的进步和提高,重点在干、密、水、无中全方位找油,并对以往相对忽视和评价认识手段方法相对不足的低孔渗储层、特殊含灰低孔渗储层与低阻油层作为重点研究分析对象,对测井资料进行全面复查评价,取得了良好的油气成果。     

连通性对中国国际贸易影响研究——以“一带一路”沿线国家为例

交通基础设施互联互通（下文简称“连通性”）既包括基础设施的物理（硬）连通,也包括交通组织的运营（软）连通等,主要服务于人员流动与货物贸易。“一带一路”倡议的实施改善了中国与沿线国家间的连通性,影响了国家间的双边贸易。以2008―2018年中国与“一带一路”沿线国家双边货物贸易为研究对象,构建面板回归模型,分别从交通设施连通与否及其连通性水平2个层面定量评价和测算了不同类型交通连通性对中国与沿线国家货物贸易的“门槛效应”和“集聚效应”。研究发现：(1)连通性提升对货物贸易具有显著正向促进作用;(2)不同交通方式对双边货物贸易的影响存在较大差异,其中,海运的影响最大,其次是公路和航空运输,而中欧班列的运行影响不显著;(3)不同交通方式对双边货物贸易的行业影响也存在显著差异。研究结果可为连通性提升在双边货物贸易中的外溢提供合理的分析和解释,也可为中国如何提升与“一带一路”沿线国家双边货物贸易提供启示。     

西安市文化娱乐业的空间格局及热点区模式研究

采用矢量数据符号法、探索性空间数据分析法(ESDA)和Kriging空间插值法等3种空间分析方法,分别从规模等级、集聚程度、热点区及模式等方面对2011年西安市文化娱乐业的空间格局特征展开研究。主要结论:①从数量规模上来看,西安市的文化娱乐产业在空间上呈现出"南密北疏,西密东疏,内密外疏"的整体特征,文化娱乐场所主要集聚在以钟楼为圆心,以钟楼至曲江新区的直线距离(约7 km)为半径的圈层内;各类文化娱乐场所的空间分布大致符合文化娱乐业的整体空间特征,但又表现出一定的特异性;②从空间集散上来看,高高集聚区主要连续分布在城市南部的传统人口和城市产业集聚区;低低集聚区主要分散分布在城市开发程度低的边缘区,及城市内部的特殊区域;③通过空间插值分析,可识别出西安市文化娱乐业的4个空间集聚热点区,综合分析各热点区软硬件条件,可将其归纳为基于传统城市中心的商贸旅游型热点区、基于文化产业集聚的文教游憩型热点区、基于高新技术产业集聚的科技商务型热点区和多重资源推动下的城市新区型热点区4种模式。本文的研究结论将有利于从空间的视角来探讨城市新兴产业的区位规律和布局偏好,在实践中将为城市文化娱乐业的合理布局和规划提供参考。