美、日、欧、俄空间政策调整产生的机遇与挑战

冷战结束后,以军事利用为基本特征的美苏空间争夺,已经被以科技创新和经济为中心的综合国力竞争所替代,信息技术和经济全球化的发展,导致外层空间成为具有知识创新要素和技术带动能力的竞争新领域。世界经济大国已经认识空间政策的设计是事关提升综合国力和竞争优势的重大意义。近年来,美、日、欧对空间政策进行了冷战结束后的第一次,全面重大的调整,伴随着体制转型俄罗斯空间政策调整也在展开,面对即将形成的国际空间竞争与合作新的格局和带来新发展机遇,如何清晰地鉴别、定位,对空间政策做出正确的调整,抓住历史机遇应对挑战是摆在中国面前的战略性、全局性和方向性问题。     

Use of composite data sets for source-tracking enterococci in the water column and shoreline interstitial waters on Pensacola Beach, Florida

Sources of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Pensacola Beach, FL. were identified using a library-based approach by applying the statistical method of average similarity to single and composite data sets generated from separate analyses. Data sets included antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA), rep-fingerprints, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. Use of a composite data set composed of ARA and rep-fingerprints, added to the confidence of the identifications. The addition of FAME data to composite data sets did not add to the confidence of identifications. Source identification was performed to better understand risk associated with higher densities of enterococci found in swash zone interstitial water (SZIW) as compared to adjacent bathing water on Pensacola Beach, FL. The "swash zone" is that area of the beach continually washed over by waves. As the potential sources of enterococci were limited in this environment, only two library units, sea gull and human, were constructed. Identification of the beach isolates using a composite data set indicated a sea gull origin. The clonality of the beach isolates suggested that the beach environment selects certain subspecies of E. faecalis.     

改装提引水接头的点滴经验

过去我们使用500米提引水接头漏水很严重,因此各钻机不愿使用,而都用300米提引水接头,可是300米提引水接头的916#弹子盘经常坏,为此煤田     

Depth-related influences on biodegradation rates of phenanthrene in polluted marine sediments of Puget Sound, WA

A whole-core injection method was used to determine depth-related rates of microbial mineralization of (14)C-phenanthrene added to both contaminated and clean marine sediments of Puget Sound, WA. For 26-day incubations under micro-aerobic conditions, conversions of (14)C-phenanthrene to (14)CO(2) in heavily PAH-contaminated sediments from two sites in Eagle Harbor were much higher (up to 30%) than those in clean sediments from nearby Blakely Harbor (<3%). The averaged (14)C-phenanthrene degradation rates in the surface sediment horizons (0-3 cm) were more rapid (2-3 times) than in the deeper sediment horizons examined (>6 cm), especially in the most PAH polluted EH9 site. Differences in mineralization were associated with properties of the sediments as a function of sediment depth, including grain-size distribution, PAH concentration, total organic matter and total bacterial abundance. When strictly anaerobic incubations (in N(2)/H(2)/CO(2) atmosphere) were used, the phenanthrene biodegradation rates at all sediment depths were two times slower than under micro-aerobic conditions, with methanogenesis observed after 24 days. The main rate-limiting factor for phenanthrene degradation under anaerobic conditions appeared to be the availability of suitable electron acceptors. Addition of calcium sulfate enhanced the first order rate coefficient (k(1) increased from 0.003 to 0.006 day(-1)), whereas addition of soluble nitrate, even at very low concentration (<0.5 mM), inhibited mineralization. Long-term storage of heavily polluted Eagle Harbor sediment as intact cores under micro-aerobic conditions also appeared to enhance anaerobic biodegradation rates (k(1) up to 0.11 day(-1)).     

抚顺市市区地质灾害遥感调查研究

抚顺市是中国重要的大型煤炭工业基地之一。由于长期的采掘施工,其采矿场和采矿坑不断扩大加深,导致了矿区及其周边地带地面不稳定性的不断加剧,且已发生了局部的地面沉降等地质灾害,给人们的生产和生活带来了直接的威胁,并严重地影响着该地区社会经济的可持续发展。本研究工作采用遥感技术手段,快速地查明该地区现有的地质灾害类型、数量及其表现形式,以及地质灾害与断裂构造的相互关系,从而为在该地区进行地质灾害防治工作提供准确可靠的依据,取得了良好的应用效果。     

资源型区域碳排放影响因素分析——以山西省为例

碳排放问题是应对气候变化的主要问题,更是困扰资源型区域改革与可持续发展的关键性问题。以山西省为例,采用LMDI分解方法,将碳排放分解为5种影响因素,对山西省碳排放趋势和变化、影响因素做了深入探讨。结果表明:1)山西省未来碳排放增速减缓,排放量将持续增加,生态环境压力进一步加大;2)能源结构效应为负向影响,虽效应值较小,但潜力巨大。而人口规模正向效应值缓慢变大需要关注;3)在产业结构效应方面,工业、交通运输仓储邮政业及批发零售住宿餐饮业部门产业效应为正效应,且有逐年增大的趋势。表明第二产业和第三产业内部结构不合理,产业结构优化有待提高。     

北京市强降雨分区及重现期研究

利用北京观象台1841—2008年年降水量资料及近50年北京市20个气象站和82个雨量站资料分析了北京地区降水量的时间和空间变化规律,对北京地区的降雨进行分区研究,并结合观象台站逐分钟降雨资料应用广义偏态分布（GPD）方法分析了北京地区不同历时降雨量重现期。结果表明：近168年来,北京地区有两个多雨时段和两个少雨时段,目前北京处于20世纪90年代至今的少雨时段内。70至80年代,北京地区强降雨主要为全市区域性降雨,90年代之后北京的短历时强降雨呈现出局地性的特征,降水分布不均,强降水中心大致成东北一西南向带状分布。根据北京市降雨EOF分析,将北京市划分为4个降雨分区,分别是山后区、城市中心区、东北部山区和东南部平原区。其中城区代表站观象台站多个历时不同重现期降雨量分析结果经过与现行排水规范对比表明,重现期模拟结果可靠。     

宁夏人体舒适度对气候变化的响应研究

利用宁夏22个气象台站1961—2009年的气象资料,计算了宁夏人体舒适度的变化。结果表明：近49a区域气候变暖对宁夏人体舒适程度的影响总体是有利的,主要表现在舒适日数增加,冷不舒适日数减少。近49a中,2001—2009年是相对最舒适的时段;20世纪70年代开始,舒适日数开始增加,冷不舒适日数明显减少;20世纪80年代和90年代,冷不舒适日数基本相同,冬季冷不舒适程度下降。宁夏冬季很冷日数呈下降趋势,冷日数呈上升趋势,冷不舒适程度下降。春季舒适日数增加,夏季和秋季的舒适度日数变化不明显。     

贺兰山至吉兰泰盐湖的水化学特征及演化规律

在对吉兰泰盐湖南部地下水化学组分特征分析的基础上,利用PHREEQC软件对水文地球化学演化规律进行模拟研究。结果表明,从贺兰山西侧山前到吉兰泰盐湖,水化学类型由HCO-3型过渡到Cl-—SO24-型、最后变为Cl-型;Ca2＋、Mg2＋与SO24-相关分析表明发生石膏溶解出的Ca2＋置换了MgCO3中Mg2＋,从而产生了CaCO3沉淀的水岩反应,而白云石、石膏、岩盐、CO2（g）的溶解是常量离子增加的物质来源,同时伴有强烈的蒸发浓缩作用及阳离子交换作用。特别是深层地下水具有较高的mNa/Cl值与较低的mCa/Na值,表明发生强烈的阳离子交换作用,这对认识吉兰泰盐湖地区及干旱区沙漠地区水体发生的水岩相互作用与演化机制具有借鉴作用。     

机载LiDAR点云数据与影像数据融合

分析机载LiDAR系统获取的点云数据与影像数据的优缺点,从而取长补短,将二者进行叠加融合,并成功地将航空影像的光谱信息赋给相对应的LiDAR点云,弥补了LiDAR点云在光谱信息方面的缺陷,为LiDAR点云数据的后续处理提供重要的信息支持。