A NEW MODEL FOR PEBBLE BEACH TRACER DISPERSAL

A series of eight tracer experiments were carried out over one year (1983) on a low energy, macro-tidal beach in South Wales, UK. Tracer movement was monitored and 30 pebbles adjacent to coloured tracer pebbles were measured. Measurements were of the A, B, and C axes, roundness, Maximum Projection Sphericity and Oblate-Prolate indices. Analysis shows that through time, the percentage rejection of these properties increased. It is theorised that the surface tracers are 'misfits' or 'rejects' which have not found their equilibrium position in the pebble facies.     

花粉：海洋沉积物中有机物氧化作用的指示物

花粉：海洋沉积物中有机物氧化作用的指示物ＲｉｃｈａｒｄＧ．Ｋｅｉｌ等控制海洋沉积物记录中有机物保存的因素仍然是激烈争议的话题。许多调节因素互相牵连，使同时过程间的辨别变得困难。海洋沉积物中低于５０％的有机物质可以以分子方式辨别，一般来说少于１０％被保...     

南极沿海伯尔顿盐湖双刺镰状水蚤盐度耐性的季节变化

双刺镰状水蚤Drepanopus bispinosus为南极沿海伯尔顿盐湖(Burton lake)中的越冬种类之一,其雌性性成熟大约于每年的初冬季节,在随后8个多月的生活史中,经历了一个盐度从33(5月份)到39(11月份)的环境变化.本文报道了该水蚤雌性成体对环境盐度适应的季节差异,动物在冬季的耐低盐能力较夏季强,从冬季到夏季,动物对盐度的适应范围明显地向高盐度方向偏移,这与环境盐度对动物的驯化有关.在低盐水中,动物的呼吸率增高,且夏季大于冬季,因而进一步证实了环境盐度的变化对动物盐度适应性的影响.     

Oxidative stress in ecotoxicology: from the analysis of individual antioxidants to a more integrated approach

An integrate approach will be discussed for investigations on oxidative stress in xenobiotic toxicity. While the analysis of individual antioxidants is useful for their sensitivity and to understand the mode of action of a stressor, the integration with the analysis of the total antioxidant capacity provides a more holistic assessment of the overall biological significance of such variations. TOSC has a greater predictive value on the health condition of the organisms and allows to discriminate the different role of specific ROS in oxidative stress syndrome.     

Theoretical wind wave frequency spectra in deep water——Ⅰ. Form of spectrum

In this part ot the paper theoretical wind-wave spectra nave been derived oy (I) expressing the spectrum in series composed of exponential terms; (2) assuming that the spectrum satisfies a high order linear ordinary differential equation; (3) introducing proper parameters in the spectrum; and (4) making use of some known charateristics of wind-wave spectrum, for instance, the law governing the equilibrium range. The spectrum obtained contains the zero order moment of the spectrum m0, the peak frequency ω0 and the ratio R =ω/ω0 (ω being the mean zero-crossing frequency) as parameters. The shape of the nondimensional spectrum S(ω) = ω0S(ω)/m0(ω=ω/ω0) changes with R and theoretically reduces to a Dirac delta function δ(ω-1) when R = 1. A spectrum of simplified form is given for practical uses, in which R is replaced by a peakness factor P=S(1).     

东部非洲低空急流的数值研究

一个三维的有限区域、原始方程的数值模式用来研究东部非洲急流和夏季西南季风。这个模式适用于24°S—48°N和30°E—110°E的范围,在E—W和S—N方向上水平分解分别为1°和2°。Arakawa C方案中、模式的格点是交错的。垂直方向上有5个σ层。有限差分为二阶。显示分离方法是利用时间积分。在一度分解表面高度的基础上、波包和5点平滑的地带包括在这个模式中。横向的边界条件是自由滑动和对正常风分量的展开。但是、总的质量守恒。在模式中,对于驱动季风所规定的对流加热率为7月份平均观测值的五倍。纬向平均温度通过用2天时间尺度的瑞利恢复而保持。七月份平均纬向流通过张驰逼近而初值化。根据莫宁-奥布霍夫的平稳相关总方程式把边界层参数化了。在6天时间内的各种条件下,模式积分处于准稳定状态。同时发现,东非急流的强度和季风环流的结构对于地形,对流加热和加热强度是非常敏感的。但对感热和非线性平流的敏感性却是很小的     

大视野水下激光观察系统

严重受限的水下观察是无人遥控潜不器作业中的一个问题。小型二极管激励绿激光器的问世，使人科重新对作为克服某些水下观察问题手段的同步体积扫描产生了兴趣。由于所用光学装置的原因，同步扫描的局限之一在于所能达到的视野深度有限。     

胡安·德富卡洋中脊热液体系中地震引起的变化

众所周知 ,太平洋东北部洋中脊的热液排放受地震扰动的影响 ,但是这些扰动起因于海底火山活动 ,直到现在 ,也没有观察到热液体系受非岩浆作用的构造事件的影响。这里我们报道了１９９９年６月在明显为构造成因的震群之前、期间和之后从胡安·德富卡海岭的几个热液喷口测量的热液排放的温度。排放流体温度在第一次地震之后４～１１ｄ开始上升 ,第一次上升之后 ,在到达较高温度值之前喷口温度波动了约一个月。我们也观察到了从热液体系中输出的流体在至少８０ｄ内提高了１０倍 ,并沿着整个海岭段延伸。与相对温和的构造活动对应的这样一个大的…