Opening a new window to other worlds with spectropolarimetry

A high level of diversity has already been observed among the planets of our own Solar System. As such, one expects extrasolar planets to present a wide range of distinctive features, therefore the characterisation of Earth- and super Earth-like planets is becoming of key importance in scientific research. The Search (Spectropolarimetric Exoplanet AtmospheRe CHaracerisation) mission proposal of this paper represents one possible approach to realising these objectives. The mission goals of Search include the detailed characterisation of a wide variety of exoplanets, ranging from terrestrial planets to gas giants. More specifically, Search will determine atmospheric properties such as cloud coverage, surface pressure and atmospheric composition, and may also be capable of identifying basic surface features. To resolve a planet with a semi major axis of down to 1.4 AU and 30 pc distant Search will have a mirror system consisting of two segments, with elliptical rim, cut out of a parabolic mirror. This will yield an effective diameter of 9 m along one axis. A phase mask coronagraph along with an integral spectrograph will be used to overcome the contrast ratio of star to planet light. Such a mission would provide invaluable data on the diversity present in extrasolar planetary systems and much more could be learned from the similarities and differences compared to our own Solar System. This would allow our theories of planetary formation, atmospheric accretion and evolution to be tested, and our understanding of regions such as the outer limit of the Habitable Zone to be further improved.     

兴蒙造山带东段火成岩构造组合、构造岩浆阶段及大地构造演化

以火成岩构造组合的概念和方法为指导,以近几年在嘉荫、伊春、鹤岗、鸡西、牡丹江等地区开展的1∶5万、1∶25万区调研究为基础,基于侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄,建立了研究区古生代构造岩浆阶段划分的初步方案.划分出与洋壳俯冲事件有关的火成岩构造组合5期,分别为加里东期早寒武世、早中奥陶世、中志留世,华力西期晚石炭世和晚二叠世.与...     

神经网络用于岩性及岩相预测的可行性分析

数学可解性是利用神经网络算法求解问题需要首先考虑的问题，其次是用于训练的数据集有效性。本文针对地层沉积相预测问题，从网络映射分析角度计算了三层神经网络容量能力，求证了隐层节点与网络稳定性的关系，并给出内在关系式，从计算能力上分析神经网络用于岩性及岩相预测的可行性，为克服神经网络映射的复杂性和训练数据的不确定性提供理论依据。     

暴雨降水强度和历时的面积分布律

暴雨的历时，面积和深度的关系（时、面，深）是水文气象学的重要研究课题之一。近年来，从熵最大原理的角度曾推导出其中的两个负指数关系，并被大量的观测所证实。本文通过对５个个例的分析发现，降水过程的另外两组变量也服从负指数关系。即不同的降水历时与其占有的面积之间和不同的降水强度与其占有的面积之间都遵从负指数关系。而这两组新关系显然对暴雨预告有实用价值。     

粤中三水盆地构造-岩浆事件与矿集区形成

粤中三水盆地喜山期银矿化粗面质凝灰岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄90～3175 Ma.火山岩中锆石主要为其在形成及上升过程中捕获围岩中的碎屑锆石.火山岩中锆石U-Pb年龄表明粤中三水盆地基底含太古宙的残余错石(2489 Ma±30 Ma,3175 Ma±38 Ma),华夏陆块元古宙基底存在与Grenville造山运动相对比的构造岩浆事件(955～1148 Ma)及在新元古代(798 Ma±12 Ma,883 Ma±10 Ma)发生了较强烈的岩浆活动.粤中三水盆地经历了加里东期构造岩浆事件(438.0 Ma±6.8 Ma),之后至少经历了燕山早期(-160 Ma)、燕出境期(98.2Ma±1.1Ma)及喜山期3次构造岩浆事件.三水盆地多期次构造岩浆活动与成矿事件有一定的耦合关系,是控制矿床形成的主要因素.华南褶皱带岩浆活动强烈,经历新生代成矿作用,中新生代盆地边缘是找矿有利靶区.     

气候生态因子对冬小麦千粒重的影响

通过分析1995~2005年冬小麦灌浆期间的灌浆速率、千粒重及其与大气湿度、气温日较差等的关系发现:冬小麦在灌浆过程中灌浆速率、千粒重变化呈S型曲线,与大气湿度、气温日较差关系密切。冬小麦灌浆期间,大气湿度保持在50%~70%之间,千粒重可达38 g以上;气温日较差每增加1℃,千粒重提高0.6553 g。     

Automated Generation of Schematic Network Maps Adaptive to Display Sizes

Schematic maps have been popularly used for the representation of metro (or underground) lines and nowadays have also been used for the representation of other network maps. This paper presents a strategy for automated generation of schematic network maps for different display sizes, based on a redistribution of line density. This strategy consists of three steps: (a) estimation of spatial density of the network maps, (b) automated redistribution of line density in order to improve map clarity, for different display sizes, and (c) automated generation of schematic representations. An experimental evaluation has been carried out by using two sets of real-life network data. The results indicate that this strategy is able to generate schematic maps with much improved clarity for different display sizes and well-preserved map recognition.     

应用光照模型的交通车辆识别定位的高分辨率遥感方法

针对识别和定位路面上每辆汽车这一交通遥感图像处理的核心环节,提出一种解决方法。应用光照模型推导出路面、车辆(深浅两类)、汽车阴影在全色遥感影像中的亮度差异与亮度变化特征。以亮度差异为基础建立了能够将车辆区域从路面遥感图像中分割出来的图层分离算法。针对密集行驶的汽车因阴影相互覆盖而容易被误识别为一辆大型车的问题以及浅色车因深色车窗造成的识别结果割裂问题,利用亮度变化特征以及阴影、车窗与汽车的位置关系设计了车辆区域内的阴影和车窗干扰消除算法,通过闭运算实现了遥感图像中的汽车识别与定位。选用10幅交通遥感图像进行了测试,对浅色车的识别率大于92%,对深色车的识别率大于87%。     

双自适应因子滤波算法

抗差自适应滤波算法先求解状态参数抗差解,然后根据抗差解求出的自适应因子来调节动力学模型误差对状态估计的影响。本文针对模型信息不精确和存在观测粗差的情况,提出双自适应因子滤波的思想,采用两个自适应因子分别调节动力学模型信息不精确和观测模型误差对滤波估计的影响,推导出双自适应因子滤波公式,并参考单因子计算方法给出双因子计算公式,最后通过仿真试验比较了双自适应因子滤波算法和抗差自适应滤波算法。仿真结果表明,针对观测粗差,此算法基本能够达到正常观测所得到的状态估值。对于动力学模型短时间内出现的小范围异常误差,此算法可在一定程度上削弱模型不精确对估值的影响。     

用位相相关方法测量Geminga脉冲星的守时参数

利用γ射线脉冲星Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ自旋及频率变化的稳定性，采用位相相关的方法分析了ＥＧＲＥＴ对脉冲星Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ四次观测间隔较长的数据，得到较为准确的守时参数ｆ．位相相关的结果与更长数据段折叠搜索的结果较为接近，表明对于自旋和频率变化都较为稳定的γ射线脉冲星，位相相关分析方法可以作为提高脉冲星参数精度的有效方法．