中国马尾藻属的研究 Ⅳ.具腺系的两个新种

对于中国马尾藻属，真马尾藻亚属滑托组Malacocarpicae（J.Ag．）Abbott，TsengetLu．总状托序亚组suhectionRacemosae,具腺系SeriesGlandulariae的种类进行了系统的研究。结果表明，中国共有具腺系3个种，除棒托马尾藻前人已经报道外，本文建立了两个新种，它们是：1．线形马尾藻，模式标本于1955年5月7日来自广东省硇洲岛，模式标本号为AST55－2259；2．钦州马尾藻，模式标本于1955年5月7日采自广西钦州湾龙门镇，模式标本号为AST55－1987。两者的模式标本均保存于中国科学院海洋研究所藻类标本室。     

中国异枝软骨凹顶藻Chondrophycus intermedius (Yamada) Garbary et Harper的形态及解剖学

异枝凹顶藻Laurencia intermedia Yamada广泛地分布于东亚西太平洋沿岸的中国、朝鲜半岛(Nam et al. , 1984)及日本(Yoshida et al. , 1998)。在东南亚的菲律宾(Silva et al., 1987)，太平洋的斐济岛(NYeurt et al., 1996)，东非、印度次大陆及印度洋的斯里兰卡、肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚及Réunion (Silva et al., 1996)，以及西非的利比里亚、象牙海岸及加纳(Law son et al., 1987)等地均有报道。 Howe(1934)最早报道了中国的异枝凹顶藻。1962年，曾呈奎、张峻甫在“黄海西部沿岸海藻区系的温度性质”一文中也提到了该藻。1983年, 曾呈奎等在《Common seaweeds of China》中报道了黄海沿岸的异枝凹顶藻。1983年, 杭金欣等在《浙江海藻原色图谱》报道了浙江嵊山、渔山和南凫岛的异枝凹顶藻。1988年，张峻甫等也再次对该藻进行了报道。2000年，黄淑芳报道了台湾的异枝凹顶藻。     

中国马尾藻属的研究Ⅷ.扁托系的四个新种

对中国真马尾藻亚属SubgenusSargassum刺托组SectionAcanthocarPICAE团伞托序亚组SubsectionClmerulatae扁托系SeriesPlatycarpae的种类研究过程中，发现该系新种4个，它们是永兴马尾藻SargassumyongxingenseTsengetLusp．nov．．模式标本于1958年3月8日由郑树栋采自西沙群岛永兴岛，模式标本号AST58－4012；三亚马尾藻SarsassumsanyaenseTsengetLusp．nov，模式标本于1976年4月15日由曾呈奎、周显铜采自海南岛三亚市大东海，模式标本号AST76－1972；大洲马尾藻SargassumdazhouenseTsengetLuspnov，模式标本于1957年6月间日由郑树栋、夏恩湛采自海南岛三亚市大洲岛，模式标本号AST57－5615；巨囊马尾藻SargassummegalocystumTsengetLusp．nov，模式标本于1957年6月12日由郑树栋、夏恩湛采自海南岛三亚市大洲岛，模式标本号AST57－5616。4种模式标本存于中国科学院海洋研究所植物标本室。     

海藻乙醇提取物抗菌活性的研究

分属绿藻门、红藻门、褐藻门的海藻样品于 2 0 0 0年 5月采于山东青岛和威海附近沿海 ,将海藻样品的乙醇提取物进行薄层层析分离和抗大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌活性测定。结果表明 ,抗大肠杆菌活性较强的海藻样品有 :鸭毛藻、酸藻、松节藻和孔石莼的水相 ;抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性较强的提取物有 :鸭毛藻、海黍子、松节藻、小粘膜藻的乙酸乙酯相以及酸藻的水相。从不同门类海藻的抗菌活性看 ,褐藻最强 ,红藻次之 ,而绿藻活性最弱。薄层层析分离得到 1 6个层析带具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性 ,1 1个层析带具有的抗大肠杆菌性。其中褐藻门的酸藻、海黍子的 3个层析带具有很强的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性 ,酸藻的 2个层析带也能强烈地抑制大肠杆菌的生长。在同样的实验条件下 ,对常见抗生素进行的对照实验表明 ,这 5条层析带的活性比常见的抗生素高。     

Two new brown algae from the Xisha Islands,South China Sea

In our phycological trips to the Xisha Islands,Guangdong Province,South ChinaSea in 1976 and 1980,two interesting brown algae had attracted our special attention.Oneof them was a Hydroclathrus,evidently more delicate and slender than H.clathratus com-monly met with in the South China Sea region.The other was a Turbinaria,characterizedby especially small leaves.Comparative studies of the two algae with other known speciesof the two genera concerned showed sufficient differences to warrant their statuses as un-     

Sources of water in the Taiwan Strait

The conveyor of the source water that feeds into the Taiwan Strait (TS), particularly from the south, is investigated using historical CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) data and a North Pacific Ocean and East Asian seas coupled model. The modeled currents and drifter trajectories suggest that the Kuroshio Branch Water (KBW) rarely flows directly into the TS from the Luzon Strait (LS) in winter; instead the massive westward movement of the Kuroshio conveys high salinity water to the southeastern TS through a loop-like route. In summer, the modeled flow fields suggest that the Kuroshio surface currents hardly intrude into the TS directly from the LS. Observations and model results show that the monsoon-driven northeastwardflowing currents in the northern South China Sea transport relatively low salinity water through the entire TS.     

Typhoon-induced strong surface flows in the Taiwan strait and pacific

Surface Velocity Program drifters drogued at 15 m depth were deployed in the Taiwan Strait (TS) and Luzon Strait in 2005 and 2006. Several drifters in the TS and the Pacific were fortuitously overrun by the typhoon Hai-Tang (July 2005) and Shan-Shan (September 2006), respectively. The drifter and QuikSCAT wind data clearly demonstrate that the surface current over the TS and the Pacific can change dramatically for a period of about two days due to the strong winds of a typhoon during its passage. Our results show that the area of storm-affected surface currents is considerably smaller for a weaker typhoon (category 2 Shan-Shan), about 300∼400 km in radius, than for a stronger typhoon (category 5 Hai-Tang), about 800 km in radius. The maximum observed current speed in the TS was 1.7 ms⁻¹ (or 2.2 ms⁻¹ in net speed change) under the influence of Hai-Tang, and 2 ms⁻¹ in the Pacific under the influence of Shan-Shan. Drifter observations revealed the unusual phenomenon of flow reversal in the surface layer of TS and the Kuroshio induced by the typhoon passage. The effect of a typhoon on surface flows is amplified by the long, narrow geometry of the TS. Surface currents generated by wind forcing along the passage of a traveling typhoon can be explained by the Ekman drift.