基于NWC甚低频信号的日出效应的观测与分析

频率在3~30 kHz的甚低频（VLF,Very Low Frequency）波具有较小的传播损耗和较高的趋肤深度,可以在地球-低电离层波导中实现长距离传输,广泛应用于航海导航、对潜通信等领域,且在电离层遥测方面具有十分重要的意义.基于武汉大学自主研发的VLF接收机在武汉接收的NWC（North West Cape）台站信号,本文通过分析2018年4月23日—2020年7月22日的观测数据研究了日出期间NWC信号的幅度响应及其特点和规律.结果表明NWC信号日出期间的幅度响应主要包括两种极小值结构：2个幅度极小值（SR1、SR2）的Type I结构和3个幅度极小值（SR1、SR2、SR3）的Type II结构.在以SR1出现时间为时间零点进行时序叠加分析后发现,Type I结构比Type II具有更强的规律性和稳定性.在Type I结构下,SR2出现时间的波动范围、平均值、标准差分别为43~65 min、54.2 min、4.4 min,而在Type II结构下,SR2和SR3出现时间的波动范围分别为48~93 min、80~120 min,平均值分别为64.7 min、96.4 min,标准差分别为10.2 min、11.7 min.在27个月的观测期内,3—7月份Type I结构的出现概率100%,未出现Type II结构,而在1—2月和8—12月Type I结构出现的概率明显下降,最低降至1月份的20.7%,而Type II在1月、2月、11月的出现概率均高于70%.按春秋分交替变化（周期1和周期2）的统计结果,在周期1内Type I和Type II结构出现的概率分别为91.5%、8.5%,而在周期2内Type I结构出现的概率降至41.9%,Type II结构出现概率则升至58.1%,这表示观测期间内Type II结构主要出现在秋冬季,春夏季发生概率较低.     

Bayes判别分析法与地震短临预测

建立了一套完整的Bayes判别分析方法,并提出了明确的衡量综合预测结果所冒风险大小的风险代价比Kdn该方法可用于不同时间尺度的地震综合预测。选取云南地区1994～1996年的水氡观测资料,采用X2统计检验法识别前兆异常,利用Bayes判别分析方法对云南地区的强震活动性进行了内符检验和外推预测。在风险代价比Kdn取4的情况下,内符检验的R值可达0．54,外推时空占有率0．07,获得了满意的效果。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土框架中节点抗剪强度研究

随着服役时间的增长，侵蚀环境下钢筋混凝土框架节点因钢筋发生不同程度的锈蚀而造成承载性能下降，严重影响建筑结构的安全使用。本文在已有钢筋混凝土框架节点抗剪强度理论模型的基础上，考虑钢筋锈蚀对框架节点受力性能的影响，建立锈蚀钢筋混凝土框架中节点受剪承载力计算公式。通过11组锈蚀钢筋混凝土节点试验数据，对建议理论模型进行验证。研究结果表明，锈蚀钢筋混凝土节点受剪承载力试验值与理论计算值之比的平均值为0.951，方差为0.075，二者吻合较好，本文建议的计算方法可用于锈蚀钢筋混凝土框架中节点承载力分析。     

三峡工程及其邻近地区实测现今构造应力场

不少学者对三峡及其邻近区域的现今构造应力场用不同方法作过研究,但结论不一致。本文根据本区100多个地应力实测资料,分析了该地区的现今构造应力场,特别是最大水平主压应力方向的展布以及随深度的变化,认为本区现今构造应力场的最大主压应力方向为北西方向,应力值的量级属中等。     

用路径积分法求解电子的衍射态

本文用费曼的路径积分方法求解出自由电子经狭缝衍射后的量子态及在观察屏处的几率分布，所得结果与光子的夫琅和费衍射相同。     

Numerical Simulation of Strongly Stratified Flow Over a Three-Dimensional Hill

A numerical study of stably stratified flow over a three-dimensional hill is presented. Large-eddy simulation is used here to examine in detail the laboratory experimental flows described in the landmark work of Hunt and Snyder about stratified flow over a hill. The flow is linearly stratified and U/Nh is varied from 0.2 to 1.0. Here N and U are the buoyancy frequency and freestream velocity respectively, and h is the height of the hill. The Reynolds number based on the hill height is varied from 365 to 2968. The characteristic flow patterns at various values of U/Nh have been obtained and they are in good agreement with earlier theoretical and experimental results. It is shown that the flow field cannot be predicted by Drazin's theory when recirculation exists at the leeside of the hill even at UNh 1. The wake structure agrees well with a two-dimensional wake assumption when U/Nh 1 but lee waves start to influence the wake structure as U/Nh increases. The dividing-streamline heights obtained in the simulation are in accordance with experimental results and Sheppard's formula. The energy loss along the dividing streamline due to friction/turbulence approximately offsets the energy gained from pressure field. When lee waves are present, linear theory always underestimates the amplitude and overestimates the wavelength of three-dimensional lee waves. The simulated variations of drag coefficients with the parameterK (=ND/ U) are qualitatively consistent with experimental data and linear theory. Here D is the depth of the tank.     

一次典型梅雨锋锋面结构分析

1999年梅雨期在长江中下游维持着一条典型的梅雨锋 ,锋面和梅雨雨带呈东西走向 ,从中国的四川省一直延伸到日本。锋面两侧的温度及湿度对比明显 ,并且其上有数个中间尺度的低涡沿梅雨锋依次向东移动发展 ,在长江中下游造成严重的梅雨暴雨和洪涝。文中分析了 1999年这次典型梅雨锋的锋面结构。结果表明 ,从温度场看 ,由于梅雨区对流和降水的显著发展 ,梅雨锋的低层温度对比几近消失 ,其中上部仍具有典型的上宽下窄的锋面结构 ,锋面随高度向北倾斜。在低层经向温度场呈现复杂的暖 -冷 -暖的结构 ,即北部华北平原为地面感热加热造成的相对较暖的变性极地大陆气团 ,中间为冷空气南下和降水冷却造成的相对较冷的梅雨区 ,南部是相对较暖的热带海洋气团。在这种温度场下 ,由北部低层变性暖气团与梅雨区偏冷空气形成了明显的温度对比区 ,文中定义这个区域为梅雨赤道锋。因而 ,在低层东亚梅雨区的锋区结构由梅雨赤道锋和减弱的梅雨锋构成。在 6 0 0hPa以上前者消失 ,只有单一的极锋型的梅雨锋结构。在此分析的基础上文中给出了东亚梅雨期锋面结构模型图。另外还指出 ,从假相当位温场分析 ,主要表现出梅雨区的深厚对流。降雨引起了高θse带及其南北高θse梯度区 ,其北侧高θse梯度区大致相当于梅雨锋 ,而南侧高θs     

Oxygen isotope compositions of quartz grains (4–16 μm) from Chinese eolian deposits and their implications for provenance

Oxygen isotope compositions were measured in quartz grains extracted from a 7.0 Ma red clay-loess sequence at Lingtai and six late Pleistocene loess sediments (Malan loess). Results show that the changes in oxygen isotope compositions of Malan loess are basically controlled by the geochemical characteristics of the source materials, while the effect of weathering process after dust deposition could be minor. The oxygen isotope distribution of quartz grains from red clay at Lingtai is similar to that of the overlying loess-paleosol sequence, thus indicating that the red clay at Lingtai has the same eolian origin as the loess-paleosol deposits. Furthermore, the oscillations of the isotope compositions in 4–16 μm-sized quartz grains may reflect the changes, to some extent, of the climatic systems of the source region.     

Morphological response of tidal marshes,flats and channels of the Outer Yangtze River mouth to a major storm

Systematic morphological changes of the coastline of the outer Yangtze River mouth in response to storms versus calm weather were documented by daily surveys of tidal marshes and flats between April 1999 and May 2001 and by boat surveys offshore during this and earlier periods. The largest single event during 1999 to 2001 was Typhoon Paibaian, which eroded the unvegetated tidal flat and lower marsh and led to accretion on the middle-to-upper marsh and in the subtidal channel. The greatest erosion of 21 cm occurred at the border between the marsh and the unvegetated flat due to the landward retreat of the marsh edge during the storm. Strong waves on the flats increased suspended sediment concentration by 10–20 times. On the upper marsh, where the frequency of submergence by astronomical tides is only 3%, Typhoon Paibian led to 4 cm of accretion, accounting for 57% of the net accretion observed over the 2-yr study. Typhoon Paibian led to 4 cm of accretion, accounting for 57% of the net accretion observed over the 2-yr study. Typhoon Paibian and other large storms in the 1990s caused over 50 cm of accretion along the deep axis of the river mouth outlet channel. During calm weather, when hydrodynamic energy was dominated by tides, deposition was centered on the unvegetated flats and lower, marsh with little deposition on the high marsh and erosion in the subtidal channel. Depositional recovery of the tidal flat from typhoon-induced erosion took only several days, whereas recovery of the subtidal channel by erosion took several weeks. A conceptual model for the morphological responses of tidal marshes, flats, and subtidal channels to storms and calm weather is proposed such that sediment continually moves from regions of highest near-bed energy towards areas of lower energy.     

海南岛“邦溪—晨星蛇绿岩片”的时代及其构造意义—Sm—Nd同位素制约

本文报道了邦溪和晨星两个地区变质基性岩的 Sm - Nd同位素定年结果。Sm - Nd等时线年龄 333± 12 Ma代表了变质基性岩的形成年龄。这些变质基性岩高度亏损 Th、Nb、Ta和轻稀土元素 ,εNd(t)≈ 7,与洋中脊玄武岩类似 ,形成于大洋环境。本文将这些洋中脊型变质基性岩称之为“邦溪 -晨星蛇绿岩片”,它们与金沙江 -双沟 - Song Ma蛇绿岩在形成时代上基本一致 ,代表了东古特提斯洋的残片。邦溪 -晨星蛇绿岩片在早三叠世华南 (包括海南岛北部 )和印支块体 (包括海南岛中南部 )块体碰撞拼合时构造侵位在大陆上 ,成为“石碌混杂岩”的一部分