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In this study, the relationship between the limit of predictability and initial error was investigated using two simple chaotic systems:the Lorenz model, which possesses a single characteristic time scale, and the coupled Lorenz model, which possesses two different characteristic time scales. The limit of predictability is defined here as the time at which the error reaches 95% of its saturation level; nonlinear behaviors of the error growth are therefore involved in the definition of the limit of predictability. Our results show that the logarithmic function performs well in describing the relationship between the limit of predictability and initial error in both models, although the coefficients in the logarithmic function were not constant across the examined range of initial errors. Compared with the Lorenz model, in the coupled Lorenz model-in which the slow dynamics and the fast dynamics interact with each other-there is a more complex relationship between the limit of predictability and initial error. The limit of predictability of the Lorenz model is unbounded as the initial error becomes infinitesimally small; therefore, the limit of predictability of the Lorenz model may be extended by reducing the amplitude of the initial error. In contrast, if there exists a fixed initial error in the fast dynamics of the coupled Lorenz model, the slow dynamics has an intrinsic finite limit of predictability that cannot be extended by reducing the amplitude of the initial error in the slow dynamics, and vice versa. The findings reported here reveal the possible existence of an intrinsic finite limit of predictability in a coupled system that possesses many scales of time or motion. 相似文献
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本文选取冈底斯带东段加查县东北部丝波绒曲复式岩体为对象,对其进行了岩相学、地质年代学、岩石地球化学以及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成的综合研究,据此探讨了该复式岩体的成因及其对构造演化的启示。研究结果表明,该复式岩体由早侏罗世辉长岩-花岗岩杂岩(188~185Ma)和始新世花岗质岩石(~47Ma)构成,两期花岗质岩石中普遍发育塑变形态的镁铁质包体。早侏罗世杂岩由角闪辉长岩和英云闪长岩组成,角闪辉长岩中的主要铁镁矿物为角闪石,它们为一套钙碱性弧岩浆岩组合,具有亏损的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成。始新世花岗质岩石主要为二长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩,它们较早侏罗世英云闪长岩更为富碱,属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,其同位素组成也较早侏罗世英云闪长岩富集。综合分析表明,该区早侏罗世复合辉长岩-花岗岩的形成受控于新特提斯洋板片北向俯冲的构造背景,角闪辉长岩起源于受俯冲板片脱水交代的上覆地幔楔的部分熔融,共生的英云闪长岩则为同期幔源岩浆底侵诱发初生地壳部分熔融产生的长英质岩浆与幔源岩浆不同程度混合的产物。始新世花岗岩的形成受控于新特提斯洋板片断离的构造背景,是由具"弧"型地球化学特征的初生地壳再造的产物,并有少量印度陆壳富集组分参与成岩。 相似文献
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