江苏高邮-宝应交界4.9级地震震害分析

本文根据台网监测资料及现场调查结果,介绍了2012年7月20日江苏高邮、宝应交界4.9级地震的基本特征,给出了本次地震的震源机制解,结合区域地质构造背景与现场宏观调查结果分析认为,本次地震的发生可能与杨汉苍-桑树头断裂有关.以现场调查资料为基础,对震害进行分析,提出了本地区地震烈度评价标志,并给出了本次地震的烈度分布图.根据砖混结构、砖木结构房屋的震害特点,认为水网地区地基条件差、抗震能力差、建筑质量差和年旧失修是房屋严重破坏的主要原因.针对地震灾害的地区性差异,给出了加快推进新农村建设、提高农村民居抗御地震灾害能力和加强中强地震孕震发震研究等建议,以期为震害调查和地震灾害的预测预防提供参考.     

旱涝震浅见

对旱、涝成因以及与地震的关系进行了研究，从气象因素上探讨了进一步识别地震前兆异常的方法。     

A study on the relationship between the rotation of binary typhoons and steering current

Many studies show that, within a certain distance (ca. 700–800 n mi), two typhoons forming a binary typhoon (BT) system would rotate as a whole and attract each other, which is known as “Fuji-whara Effect” (FE). This paper indicates that only 30.3% of BTs has experienced remarkable cyclonic rotation with a 12-hr angle ≥+10° when two components are less than 20° lat apart, and that the probability is much higher with the eastern component in the NE than in the SE quadrant for the western one, implying the steering effect of the environmental flow field (EFF) on them. 47 observations from 13 BTs are separately used for calculating the angular velocity due to FE and EFF and the results are compared. The conclusion can be stated as follows: FE is dominant with the centers of two elements below 7° lat apart; the EFF steering current plays a major role when they are in the range of 7–15° and for a distance above 15° the principle of FE holds no longer.     

信息空地传输显示系统及试用

针对人工影响天气作业时空中、地面信息交换的实际需求，建立了人影作业信息空地传输系统，采用远程无线通讯技术实现飞机作业的空地信息实时双向、多点、较大数据文件的远距离传输，利用MICAPS系统作为基础平台，建立了一套用于人影作业指挥的信息显示系统，以实现地面气象信息、空中探测信息的数据共享。     

活塞圆筒和多面砧高压装置中常用的氧逸度控制和原位监测方法

氧逸度是定量表示一个体系氧化还原能力的指标，反映了体系中氧气的分压或者逃逸能力。在地球科学中，它反映了岩石和矿物中变价元素的氧化还原状态，指示了不同岩石矿物氧化性/还原性的相对强弱。相同岩石矿物不同氧逸度可以导致其物理化学性质发生大的改变，因此在实验地球科学中准确控制并监测高温高压实验条件下的氧逸度具有非常重要的意义。本文从实验技术角度出发，首先介绍了活塞圆筒和多面砧高压装置中利用双胶囊技术在不含水和含水体系中控制氧逸度的方法、原理、装置和注意事项；接着描述了用过渡金属合金固溶体和惰性金属合金作为氧传感器原位测量氧逸度的原理、注意事项和地质应用，然后展示了氧离子固体电解质法控制和监测氧逸度的原理、装置和局限，提出了可能的改进方法。目前由于技术限制，氧逸度在高压实验中的控制和监测方法还不成熟，导致其对矿物和岩石物理化学性质的影响极可能被低估甚至错估。因此积极研究发展并推动高压下氧逸度的控制和监测技术非常重要且必要。     

时空压缩下的中国乡村空间生产——以广州市域乡村投资为例

党的十九大报告提出“乡村振兴”战略,人文地理学者的角色是从空间和区域的角度参与各类乡村振兴实践和思考。马克思主义地理学代表人物大卫·哈维指出,“时空压缩”现象加剧了资本积累的危机,要消除危机,必须从生产方式和生产关系的革命入手。本文以2015-2017年广州市企业投资中的乡村项目为例,分析哪些项目是消除区域发展两级分化、抵制资本纯粹追逐利润的,从而为政府重点鼓励何类项目提供依据。本文采用经验主义的数据统计分析方法,主要研究结论为：①从空间分布上看,2015-2017年企业投资在广州乡村的项目大部分是按照“纯粹”市场原则分布的,即投资项目以近郊为主,高投资额的投资项目也集中在近郊,这种分布是“时空压缩”的结果。②2015-2017年少部分投资在广州乡村的项目并非“纯粹”追求利润,它们主要是为改变乡村生活的环境质量,而非生产经营性的、“空间修复”型的项目,更能体现人们对幸福生活本质理解的积极性项目。     

Atmospheric Profiling Synthetic Observation System in Tibet

正1.Introduction The Atmosphere Profiling Synthetic Observation System(APSOS)is the first ground-based facility for profiling atmospheric variables and multiple constituents in the whole(neutral)atmosphere from the surface up to the lower thermosphere.It enables simultaneous observations and extensive studies of the atmospheric vertical structure and constituent     

Ground-Based Observations of Unusual Atmospheric Light Emissions

Unusual atmospheric light emissions were observed from a station located in Shandong Province of East China. The main morphology of these events includes a bright glowing spot, which differs distinctly from any type of transient luminous events （TLEs） well recognized in literature, such as sprites, halos, elves, gigantic jets, blue jets, and blue starters. A comparison between the observations of four such light emission events and the data from lightning detection networks reveals no correlation between these events and the intense lightning activity in the adjacent area. The events reported in this paper may imply the existence of a new phenomenon with a mechanism that remains to be investigated with further observation and complementary lightning measurement.     

潮致余流和潮混合对长江口外东北海域低盐水团的作用

长江冲淡水对黄海、东海水文环境有重要影响,它主要以羽状形态向外海扩展,在某些年份的特殊时间段也存在孤立的低盐水团现象。在低盐水团的动力机制研究中,风、径流量、台湾暖流、天文潮和斜压不稳定的作用已得到讨论。天文潮对冲淡水及低盐水团的影响主要包括潮致余流和潮混合,潮致余流作用仍缺乏讨论。本文对1983年8月低盐水团的动力机制进行数值模拟分析,重点讨论了潮致余流和潮混合的影响。结果表明:潮致Lagrange余流促使一部分冲淡水从口门向北输运,在32°N附近呈舌状转向东,有利于在口外东北海域形成低盐水团;小潮转大潮的垂向混合作用加强,浅水区表层盐度升高的速度快于较深水区,也有利于在口外东北海域形成低盐水团。     

Water sources of plants and groundwater in typical ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin

Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions （δ18O and δD） of soil water and shallow groundwater of a riparian forest, an artificial shrub forest, and Gobi of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin are used to study the recharge water sources of those ecosystems. IsoSource software is used to determine the δ180 values for root water of Populous euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in the riparian forest ecosystem, Haloxylon ammodendron in the artificial shrub forest, and Reaumuria soongorica in the Gobi, as well as for local soil water and groundwater, and precipitation in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Our results showed that soil water and shallow groundwater of the riparian forest and the artificial shrub forest were recharged by river water which originated from precipitation in the upper reaches, and strong evaporation occurred in the artificial shrub forest. Soil water of the Gobi was not affected by Heihe River water due to this area being far away from the river channel. The main water sources of Populous euphratica were from 40-60-cm soil water and groundwater, and of Tamarix ramosissima were from 40-80-cm soil water in the riparian forest ecosystem. In the artificial forest, Haloxylon ammodendron used 200-cm saturated-layer soil water and shallow groundwater. The Reaumuria soongorica mainly used soil water from the 175-200-cm depth in the Gobi. Therefore, soil water and groundwater are the main water sources which maintain survival and growth of the plants in the extremely arid regions of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin.