南海西沙西科1井层序地层格架与礁生长单元特征

碳酸盐岩礁滩体系是南海海域重要的油气储层之一.南海西沙岛屿全取心的科学钻井——西科1井, 为南海碳酸盐岩礁滩体系的详细研究提供极好的条件.通过西科1井岩心的宏观描述及微观分析, 结合高分辨岩心扫描及大量分析测试结果, 对碳酸盐岩礁滩体系展开了精细研究.根据识别出的6个暴露面、2个淹没面, 将西科1井中中新世以来划分为9个三级层序.其中晚中新世黄流组和第四系乐东组为主要成礁期, 以海泛面和暴露面为标志, 将礁体归纳为淹没型生长单元和暴露型生长单元两大类, 暴露型又进一步细分为硬基底和软基底两类, 淹没型可细分为快速淹没和缓慢淹没两类.垂向上形成了极具特色的礁体组合, 即慢步礁(或淹没礁)、同步礁(加积礁)、快步礁(暴露礁).研究成果对于南海生物礁生长过程及碳酸盐岩礁滩储层勘探具有重要参考价值.      

Thermal activation of current in an inhomogeneous Schottky diode with a Gaussian distribution of barrier height

This paper investigates the thermal activation behaviour of current in an inhomogeneous Schottky diode with a Gaussian distribution of barrier height by numerical simulation. The analytical Gaussian distribution model predicted that the I--V--T curves may intersect with the possibility of the negative thermal activation of current, but may be contradictory to the thermionic emission mechanism in a Schottky diode. It shows that the cause of the unphysical phenomenon is related to the incorrect calculation of current across very low barriers. It proposes that junction voltage V_j, excluding the voltage drop across series resistance from the external bias, is a crucial parameter for correct calculation of the current across very low barriers. For correctly employing the thermionic emission model, V_j needs to be smaller than the barrier height Ф. With proper scheme of series resistance connection where the condition of V_j > Ф is guaranteed, I--V--T curves of an inhomogeneous Schottky diode with a Gaussian distribution of barrier height have been simulated, which demonstrate normal thermal activation. Although the calculated results exclude the intersecting possibility of I--V--T curves with an assumption of temperature-independent series resistance, it shows that the intersecting is possible when the series resistance has a positive temperature coefficient. Finally, the comparison of our numerical and analytical results indicates that the analytical Gaussian distribution model is valid and accurate in analysing I--V--T curves only for small barrier height inhomogeneity.     

青藏高原(格尔木-亚东)冰缘现象及其气候意义

冰缘地貌与沉积是冰冻圈环境变化的载体,对其开展深入研究对了解青藏高原地表过程与过去气候变化,具有重要意义。基于青藏高原(格尔木-亚东)冰缘地貌和沉积野外记录和实验分析,获得以下认识:格尔木在LGM时多年冻土至少下限到达海拔2 900m,年均气温降至<-4℃,比现在至少低9℃,气候寒冷干燥;冰消期和全新世存在极端干冷的气候事件,可能存在地面温度<-10℃的冬季迅速降温气候期。楚玛尔、那曲谷露和纳木错的冰楔假型分别记录了末次冰期冷期多年冻土扩张,亚东古砂楔记录了早全新世冷事件。西藏羊八井泥炭沉积剖面孢粉和测年揭示,该区自新仙女木事件以来经历了严寒(12.8～9.8ka)、暖湿(9.8～5.0ka)、干冷(5.0ka至今)的气候阶段。青藏高原(格尔木-亚东)广泛发育的冻融褶皱、成层坡积、风沙沉积等,是古环境重建的重要佐证,具有刻画冷暖-干湿的意义。     

高演化烃源岩岩石热解和总有机碳标准物质研制

南方下古生界海相页岩是我国页岩气勘探开发的重点地层,普遍具有时代老,热演化程度高的地质特征。已有基于常规测试条件制备的岩石热解及总有机碳分析标准物质无法满足此类高演化样品分析的需求,一定程度上制约了页岩气勘探开发进度。研究采集贵州织金龙潭组的泥岩及煤样,按照国家一级标准物质研制标准和规范,研制2件高演化烃源岩标准物质(编号为GBW07499和GBW07500),定值指标S₂、T_max和TOC。经均匀性检验,三个指标的F值均小于临界值F_0.05(v₁, v₂),样品单元间均无显著性差异,均匀性良好。经两年时间考察室温条件下特性量值S₂、T_max和TOC的变化趋势,结果表明拟合直线斜率■,稳定性良好。经多家权威实验室联合定值,全部定值分析数据符合正态和近似正态分布,且等精度,给出认定值和不确定度分别为:S₂为1.09±0.10mg/g,T_max为633±3℃,TOC为26.8%±1.3%;S     

^14C年龄测定中有关问题的探讨

新疆地震局＾１４Ｃ实验室为提供准确可靠＾１４Ｃ年代 数据,在选择,制备、测量本底苯,制备、测量糖碳苯,分析产品的淬灭对＾１４Ｃ年代的影响等方面进行了有效的试验与探讨。     

A model to couple overland flow and infiltration into macroporous vadose zone

Most vegetated land surfaces contain macropores that may have a significant effect on the rate of infiltration of water under ponded conditions on the ground surface. Owing to the small-scale variations of the land topography (microtopography), only portions of the land area may get ponded during the process of overland flow. As the macropores transmit water at much higher rates than the primary soil matrix, higher macropore activation in ponded areas produces larger effective infiltration rates into the soil. Therefore, overland flow and infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone are interrelated. Representing the microtopographic variation of the land surface by a simple sine wave function, a method was developed to relate the ponding area to the average ponding depth which was determined by overland flow. A numerical model coupling overland flow and infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone was developed. Overland flow was simulated using the St. Venant equations with the inertia terms neglected. A single macropore model was used to simulate the infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone. The interaction between overland flow and the infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone was analyzed for a hypothetical watershed. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the interaction of macropore flow and overland flow is significant. For the conditions tested, the macropore flow and the overland flow were found to be more sensitive to the macroporosity and less sensitive to the microtopographic surface variation.     

长江口南支河床质的运动规律

对长江口南支河床不同地貌单元上河床质的组成进行了分析,并通过室内环形水槽试验和现场资料分析、验证,得出不同河床质的运动规律,然后在分析各家泥砂运动公式的基础上,得出适合于长江口南支河床质的运动表达式。     

长江口动水絮凝沉降与拦门沙淤积的关系

根据１９８２年４月－１９８３年３月长江口南槽３个站位全年逐月大湖的水化学成分、悬沙粒度与粘土矿物资料，１９８４－１９９２年在环形水槽中获得的近百个组次的动水絮凝沉降试验研究资料，以及长江口细颗粒泥沙、浮泥与底质研究成果，对拦门沙形成过程及其机理进行综合研究。     

厦门西海域盐度的变化

分析了厦门西海域的盐度,结果表明:其季节变化与厦门地区的降雨量有密切关系。春季,盐度为全年的最低值。厦门西海域盐度的周日变化受潮汐的影响,其最大值和最小值出现在平潮前后1h之内。     

花鲈人工育苗技术的研究

利用人工培育的亲鱼所获得的受精卵 ,孵化出仔鱼 30 0万尾 ,在水温 18～ 2 0℃、微充气的培育条件下 ,使用海水小球藻、轮虫、卤虫无节幼体和不同规格的微颗粒配合饲料进行饲喂 ,经 58d培育出平均全长 2 .3cm的苗种 132万尾 ,育苗成活率高达 64.1% ,单位水体最高出苗量达 1.33万尾 / m3;另外 ,还有 1.3～ 1.9cm的苗种 68万尾