云南地区上地幔各向异性研究

对云南23个数字地震台11次地震的SKS记录，采用理论切向分量与实测切向分量拟合的方法，确定了快S波的偏振方向和快、慢波之间的时间延迟．结果表明，除鹤庆台外，在各台都观测到了S波分裂现象；云南地区的快方向总体特征是北北东向，时间延迟变化范围为0.5～2.0ｓ．在地质构造复杂地区断层对分析的影响很大．分析表明，作为青藏高原与华南块体之间的过渡带，云南地区的S波快方向反映了印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲是该地区地球动力学的基本背景，而由于青藏高原隆起造成的康滇菱形块体的南东-南南东向运动是造成复杂构造、应力环境的重要因素．快方向与上地幔运动的方向存在差异，说明在云南地区低速层或者软流层的运动与地壳块体的运动之间存在着复杂的耦合作用，构造驱动力如同向北东方向张开的手掌．从时间延迟出发，推断各向异性层的厚度为60～225ｋｍ．其变化范围与低速层埋深的变化范围（104～260ｋｍ）相当，认为各向异性层顶面可能在地壳底部，也可能在低速层，且在不同地点是不相同的，这与云南及周边地区莫霍面变化剧烈有因果关系．进一步推断出上地幔的各向异性主要存在于岩石圈而不是整个上地幔．      

浅层地震勘探震源性状探讨

该文通过某浅层地震勘探工程在不同的场地条件下采用的几种震源方式所得到的资料,探讨震源的性状和使用。     

川滇次级地块震源机制解类型与一致性参数

根据P波、S波的振幅并结合部分记录清晰的P波初动资料,求得1994——2005年川滇地区4个次级地块,即川青地块、雅江地块、川中地块和滇中地块2.5级以上有良好地震波记录的925次地震的震源机制解. 结合已取得的中强地震的震源机制解资料,研究了上述4个次级地块的应力场特征及震源断层的错动类型. 其P轴优势方位分布:川青地块为EW方向,雅江地块、川中地块、滇中地块为ESE或SE方位. 根据大量震源机制解资料, 编程计算了各地块的平均应力张量, 即主应力sigma;1, sigma;2, sigma;3的方向. 定义了单个震源机制解的力轴与平均应力张量的差异, 或称震源机制解的一致性参数, 进而分析了川滇4个次级地块的值和震源断层错动类型的分布及随时间的变化. 通过次级地块大量区域小震震源机制解的测定,可以给出动态应力场和震源断层错动方式的变化信息.      

激发极化法测深曲线解释中的快速反演法

本文根据“直流电阻率测率深曲线解释中的直接反演法”一文,利用塞格尔的极化率模型,首先给出了在激发极化法测深曲线解释中的直接反演方法,在此基础上,又结合Ｏｌｄｅｎｂｕｒｇ,Ｚｏｈｄｙ等人的工作,使用对比迭代反演方法来提高反演精度,文章对几条理论测深曲线进行反演检验,结果表明效果很好。     

De-aliased and de-noise Cadzow filtering for seismic data reconstruction

Cadzow filtering is currently considered as one of the most effective approaches for seismic data reconstruction. The basic version of Cadzow filtering first reorders each frequency slice of the seismic data (to be reconstructed) to a block Hankel/Toeplitz matrix, and then implements a rank-reduction operator, that is truncated singular value decomposition, to the Hankel/Toeplitz matrix. However, basic Cadzow filtering cannot deal with the problem of recovering regularly missing data (up-sampling) in the case of strongly aliased energy, because the regularly missing data will mix with signals in the singular spectrum. To solve this problem, it has been proposed to precondition the reconstruction of high-frequency components using information from the low-frequency components which are less aliased. In this paper, we further extend the de-aliased Cadzow filtering approach to reconstruct regularly sampled seismic traces from the noisy observed data by modifying the reinserting operation, in which the high-frequency components are projected onto the sub-space spanned by several singular vectors of the low-frequency components. At each iteration, the filtered data are weighted to the original data as a feedback. The weighting factor is related to the background noise level and changes with iteration. The feasibility of the proposed technique is validated via two-dimensional, three-dimensional and five-dimensional synthetic data examples, as well as two-dimensional post-stack and three-dimensional pre-stack field data examples. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique can effectively interpolate regularly sampled data and is robust in noisy environments.     

共振柱试验的非线性拟合研究

土体动力参数是表征土动力特性的重要指标,对抗震计算具有重要影响。利用GCTS共振柱仪对淤泥、黏土、粉质黏土和粉砂进行共振柱试验,对Hardin—Drnevich提出的双曲线模型的模量比表达式进行线性拟合与改进的非线性拟合对比研究。结果表明：改进的非线性拟合得到的曲线较线性拟合曲线更加接近原始数据点;在低应变处,非线性拟合残差小于线性拟合残差,随着应变增加非线性拟合的残差接近线性拟合残差,在大应变处线性拟合残差小于非线性拟合的残差;改进的非线性拟合的最大动剪切模量G_dmax和参考剪应变γ_r的标准误差及置信区间宽度均比线性拟合的结果小;拟合优度评价指标表明改进非线性拟合效果优于线性拟合效果。将线性拟合结果作为非线性拟合方法的初始值的改进方法较线性拟合方法具有更高的准确性和稳定性,并具有更高的应用价值。     

西北太平洋多金属结核铂族元素地球化学特征

Polymetallic nodules and cobalt (Co)-rich crusts are enriched in platinum-group elements (PGEs),especially platinum (Pt) and may be important sinks of PGEs.At present,little information is available on PGEs in polymetallic nodules,and their geochemical characteristics and the causes of PGEs enrichment are unclear.Here PGEs of polymetallic nodules from abyssal basin in the Marcus-Wake Seamount area of the Northwest Pacific Ocean are reported and compared with the published PGEs data of polymetallic nodules and Co-rich crusts in the Pacific.The total PGEs (ΣPGE) content of polymetallic nodules in study area is 258×10~(–9) in average,markedly higher than that of Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) nodules (ΣPGE=127×10~(–9)) and lower than that of Co-rich crusts in the Marcus-Wake Seamount (ΣPGE=653×10~(–9)),similar to that of Co-rich crusts in the South China Sea(ΣPGE=252×10~(–9)).The CI chondrite-normalized PGEs patterns in different regions of polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich crusts are highly consistent,with all being characterized by positive Pt and negative Pd anomalies These results,together with those of previous studies,indicate that PGEs in polymetallic nodules and Co-rich crusts are mainly derived directly from seawater.Pt contents of polymetallic nodules from the study area are negatively correlated with water depth,and Pt/ΣPGE ratios in nodules there are also lower than those of the Corich crusts in the adjacent area,indicating that sedimentary water depth and oxygen fugacity of ambient seawater are the possible important controlling factors for Pt accumulation in crusts and nodules.     

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福建贝类养殖区底泥及养殖贝类体内重金属的含量与评价

通过１９９８年４月对福清莆田、惠安、漳浦等４个贝类养殖区的调查,检测了底泥和不同种类养殖贝类体内重金属的含量,结果表明：４个养殖区的养殖牡蛎体内ｐｂ和ｃｄ以及花蛤、缢坚体内Ｃｕ、ｐｂ、ｃｄ、ｚｎ的含量,都低于海洋生物污染评价标准,没有受到重金属的污染;养殖区的底泥也没有受到Ｃｕ和Ｃｄ的污染,只有部分养殖区Ｐｂ和Ｚｎ的含量超标。