东南亚红树林时空变化趋势及驱动因素分析

为揭示东南亚红树林的时空变化特征及其变化驱动因素,基于Google Earth Engine (GEE)云计算平台,利用Landsat系列卫星数据及红树林分布数据集,采用趋势分析法分析了1990—2020年东南亚红树林的时空变化趋势,并利用地理探测器分析其时空变化的驱动因子。结果表明：1) 1990—2020年东南亚红树林面积整体呈下降趋势,面积减少1 467 883.1 hm²,年平均流失速率达1.1%;2)红树林面积增加的区域主要分布在菲律宾、印度尼西亚西部和东部以及越南北部等区域;3) 1990—2020年东南亚红树林退化的区域远远多于改善的区域,退化的区域占红树林总分布面积的79.25%,改善的区域占20.32%,仅0.43%的区域稳定不变;4)红树林变化受驱动因素的影响程度排序主要为养殖池面积>人口>红树林距道路的最短距离>年均温>年均降雨>地形,且各因子之间呈现交互增强作用,增强效果较为明显的主要有：养殖池面积-人口、养殖池面积-红树林距道路最短距离、人口-红树林距道路最短距离。     

地球自转动力学中的两个问题

介绍了地球自动力学中的两个目前正在研究的问题，1．Chandler摆动的随机激发，在分析Chandler摆动各种激发的可能性后，认为随机运动是最可能的激发源，在此基础,提出了一个Chandler摆动激发的动力学模型，并从理论和数值模拟两方面对此模型做了统计分析研究，描述了今后对此问题的研究思路，2．地球内部动力学是目前国际地球动力学界的一个热点研究课题，介绍了它的现状和最近的发展动态以及准备在这方面开展研究工作的打算。     

九龙江河口区有机物的转移和入海通量

１９９２－１９９３年４年个航次调查结果表明，九龙江河口区水体中总有机物的含量和转移与悬浮物含量密切相关。当ＳＰＭ含量低时，其转移过程接近于理想行为；当ＳＭＰ含量高时，同为非理想行为。     

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A continuous time delay-difference type model (CTDDM) applied to stock assessment of the southern Atlantic albacore <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus alalunga</Emphasis>

A continuous time delay-diff erence model (CTDDM) has been established that considers continuous time delays of biological processes. The southern Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga) stock is the one of the commercially important tuna population in the marine world. The age structured production model (ASPM) and the surplus production model (SPM) have already been used to assess the albacore stock. However, the ASPM requires detailed biological information and the SPM lacks the biological realism. In this study, we focus on applying a CTDDM to the southern Atlantic albacore (T. alalunga) species, which provides an alternative method to assess this fishery. It is the first time that CTDDM has been provided for assessing the Atlantic albacore (T. alalunga) fishery. CTDDM obtained the 80% confidence interval of MSY (maximum sustainable yield) of (21 510 t, 23 118t). The catch in 2011 (24 100 t) is higher than the MSY values and the relative fishing mortality ratio (F ₂₀₁₁/F _MSY) is higher than 1.0. The results of CTDDM were analyzed to verify the proposed methodology and provide reference information for the sustainable management of the southern Atlantic albacore stock. The CTDDM treats the recruitment, the growth, and the mortality rates as all varying continuously over time and fills gaps between ASPM and SPM in this stock assessment.     

夏季琼州海峡表层海水二氧化碳分压时空变化

采用船载海−气CO₂连续观测系统于2011年和2014年夏季在琼州海峡开展了现场观测,分析研究了表层海水二氧化碳分压(pCO₂)时空变化及其影响因子。2011年和2014年夏季pCO₂分别为(516±29) μatm和(533±15) μatm,海−气CO₂交换通量分别为(8.4±1.7) mmol/(m²·d)和(4.5±0.4) mmol/(m²·d),均是大气CO₂的强源,高于相邻及相似海域,主要受控于东口海域上升流和海峡中部狭管效应。2011年夏季东口上升流增大pCO₂的同时也促进了浮游植物繁殖,光合作用吸收水体CO₂,降低了pCO₂,而且受其影响,西口口门附近叶绿素a和溶解氧含量陡增,pCO₂突降。2014年夏季东口海域上升流较弱,且观测海域垂直混合作用显著,pCO₂和溶解氧分布特征与2001年夏季明显不同。海峡中部狭管效应造成水体输运速率大、混合作用强,浮游植物“来不及”生长,pCO₂较高。     

远海梭子蟹盐度适应性初步研究

选取活力强,体宽９５ｍｍ左右的远海梭子蟹,进行海水最低盐度、最高盐度及各种盐度变化的试验。结果表明：远海梭子蟹生存的海水盐度为１０～５０,能正常摄饵的海水盐度为１５～４５,最佳摄饵海水盐度为２５～３５。同时发现,海水盐度从正常盐度（３０）向低盐度降低时,每２４ｈ降低不超过５的逐渐变化时远海梭子蟹成活率比每次降低超过１０以上的聚变存活率高,摄饵量大。说明海水盐度的逐渐变化比海水盐度的骤变对远海梭子蟹     

In situ Pb‐Pb dating of silica‐rich Northwest Africa (NWA) 6594 basaltic eucrite and its constraint on thermal history of the Vestan crust

Eucrites represent one of the major lithologies of the Vestan upper crust, which had experienced pervasive and intense thermal metamorphism. To better constrain the timing and mechanism of thermal metamorphism, we carried out in situ Pb‐isotope analysis of an unbrecciated basaltic eucrite NWA 6594 on the basis of detailed mineralogical and petrographic investigations. Zircon Pb‐Pb dating reveals that NWA 6594 emplaced before or at 4547 ± 11 Ma (95% confidence, MSWD = 1.3). Studies of silica minerals indicate that NWA 6594 had experienced intense thermal metamorphism after emplacement, followed by a late impact reheating and rapid cooling. Apatite grains yield a weighted mean Pb‐Pb age of 4523 ± 2 Ma (95% confidence, MSWD = 0.76). This age could not be attributed to slow cooling after the initial crystallization, but most likely related to an independent thermal event that induced thermal metamorphism. The protracted time lag (~24 ± 13 Myr) between zircon and apatite closure ages indicates that this thermal event is most probably induced by an intense impact event that was synchronous with the metal–silicate mixing event recorded by mesosiderites. HEDs may have experienced multiple stages of thermal metamorphism after emplacement. The late impact reheating occurred after thermal metamorphism, which caused crystallization of tridymite.     

黄骅坳陷中区古近系东营组沉积特征及有利勘探区带预测*

综合岩心、钻井、地震等资料,运用层序地层学、现代沉积学的思路和方法,对黄骅坳陷中区古近系东营组的沉积体系特征进行了分析,指出东营组沉积时期处于盆地断—拗转化阶段,主要发育湖泊三角洲和湖泊体系,局部地区发育扇三角洲和浊积体系等。沉积体系的时空分布和演化特征受控于构造背景和层序结构样式的差异,表现为东三段层序（SQEd3）以低位域三角洲和范围扩大的高位域三角洲为主;东二段层序（SQEd2）、东一下段层序（SQEd1x）以板桥次凹等局部地区发育的低位域三角洲和普遍发育的高位域三角洲为主;东一上段层序（SQEd1s）低位域三角洲和高位域三角洲主要分布于歧南次凹和歧北次凹,总体形成了缓坡背景、断控斜坡背景和多级断阶背景下的3类沉积模式。基于上述研究,认为研究区发育5类有利圈闭区：坡折带附近的隐蔽圈闭区、越过凹陷中心的上超尖灭圈闭区、构造—岩性复合圈闭区、低位域和高位域浊积砂体形成的岩性圈闭区、下切谷充填岩性圈闭区,构成了6个有利的勘探区带,这对于指导研究区东营组的油气勘探具有重要意义。     

Seismic health monitoring of RC frame structures using smart aggregates

Structural health monitoring of RC structures under seismic loads has recently attracted much attention in the earthquake engineering research community. In this study, a piezoceramic-based device called "smart aggregate" was used for the health monitoring of RC frame structures under earthquake excitations. Three RC moment frames instrumented with smart aggregates were tested using a shaketable with different ground excitation intensities. Distributed piezoceramic- based smart aggregates were embedded in the RC structures and used to monitor their health condition during the tests. The sensitivity and effectiveness of the proposed piezoceramic-based approach were investigated and evaluated by analyzing the measured responses. The displacement ductility demand of the structural members was calculated and compared with the damage index determined from the health monitoring system. The comparison shows that the damage index is compatible with the calculated ductility demand.