比辐射率封闭法测定技术及误差分析

劈窗算法是目前由热红外遥感图像数据获取陆面温度最主要的方法。由于进行地面像元尺度实时陆面温度同步测量的困难,尚无法直接对现有各劈窗算法进行评判。该文借助于辐射传输模型ＬＯＷＴＲＡＮ７及其提供的６ 种标准大气模式,进行模拟计算,分析了６ 种主要劈窗算法对大气廓线误差和比辐射率的敏感度,作为对劈窗算法适用性的一间接判据。     

Interference Testing for Atmospheric HOx Measurements by Laser-induced Fluorescence

Accurate OH and HO₂ (collectively called HO_x) measurements by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) may be contaminated by spurious signals from interfering atmospheric chemicals or from the instrument itself. Interference tests must be conducted to ensure that observed OH signal originates solely from ambient OH and is not due to instrument artifacts. Several tests were performed on the Penn State LIF HO_x instrument, both in the laboratory and in the field. Theseincluded measurements of the instrument's zero signal by using either zero air or perfluoropropylene to remove OH, examination of spectral interferences from naphthalene, sulfur dioxide, and formaldehyde, and tests of interferences by addition of suspected interfering atmospheric chemicals, including ozone, hydrogen peroxide, nitrous acid, formaldehyde, nitric acid, acetone, and organic peroxy radicals (RO₂). All tests lacked evidence ofsignificant interferences for measurements in the atmosphere, including highly polluted urban environments.     

蜾蠃蜚科(甲壳动物:端足目)一新属、新种

作者在鉴定1994年采自大连(北黄海)浅水和广东大亚湾的端足类(Amphipoda)标本中,发现了蜾蠃蜚科(Family Corophiidae)的一新属,即拟亮钩虾属 Genus Paraphotis，报告如下。新属、新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。     

提高卫星三线阵CCD影像空中三角测量精度及摄影测量覆盖效能

利用数字模拟方法,进一步探讨了类似MOMS-02参数的卫星三线阵CCD影像单航线、航线首末4角隅设一个控制点(以下简写为单航线4控点)的空中三角测量高程精度低的问题。研究得出,宽高比特别小(1:9)只是原因之一,更主要的因素还在于平差整过程数学关系带有近似性(包括EFP法和定向片法)。提出了改善精度的措施,并拟订了提高卫星三线阵CCD影像空中三角测量精度及摄影测量覆盖效能的系统。模拟计算表明,航线长度可以≥2B,在有外方位元素或无外方位元素少量控制点条件下,不论二线交会区,还是三线交会区均可达到高程精度为6m的摄影测量成果。     

基于核函数主分量的维纳滤波方法研究

针对强随机噪声地震资料背景下经典维纳滤波方法在信号的保幅及高维数据空间求解过程中产生病态矩阵的问题,提出利用核函数主分量维纳滤波压制强地震勘探随机噪声.首先利用线性核函数将地震信号映射到特征空间,再通过主分量分析方法提取地震数据主分量进行数据降维,并得到核主分量维纳滤波因子,从而进行核主分量维纳滤波（K-WPC）.正演仿真及对实际地震资料处理表明,该方法对随机噪声有较好的压制作用,保幅效果也令人满意.     

Lateral stability analysis of wedged geomembrane tubes using PFC2D

The geomembrane tubes have been widely used for flood barriers, cofferdams, and breakwaters. To prevent the geomembrane tubes from rolling off or slipping along the ground, the simplest method is to place wedges on their downstream side. The numerical analyses using PFC^2D are conducted in this paper to investigate the performance of the geomembrane tubes supported by two types of wedges, named as triangle and fillet wedges. Comparing to the triangle wedge, the fillet wedge reduces 10% of force concentration at the contact point between the geomembrane tube and the top angle. Nondimensional parameters are adopted in the numerical analyses to make the conclusions suitable for the general cases. It is found from the studies that the optimum wedge height to support the geomembrane tubes is 0.12L without depending on the initial pumping pressure nor the wedge types. The initial filling pumping pressure p₀ of 0.162γ_wL and the wedge height h_g of 0.15L are suggested to design the system which could extremely sustain external water level of 0.316L.     

豫西五丈山花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

五丈山花岗岩是熊耳山地区出露面积居第二位的酸性侵入岩,它的岩石成因及深部动力学过程研究不仅可为熊耳山区域构造演化提供新的证据,而且能为区域内生金属成矿动力学研究提供新的参考,还可为熊耳山地区地质找矿提供新的思路。对五丈山斑状黑云母二长花岗岩样品WZS01进行了LA ICP MS锆石U Pb定年,27个测点中的18个测点的同位素比值位于n(207Pb)/n(235U)—n(206Pb)/n(238U)一致线上,它们的加权平均年龄为159. 6±1. 6 Ma。结合五丈山花岗岩的SHRIMP和LA ICP MS锆石U Pb定年结果,认为它是晚侏罗世约160 Ma岩浆活动的产物。五丈山花岗岩160颗锆石的U Pb年龄形成了一个从新太古代至晚侏罗世的单颗粒锆石年龄谱,8个峰值年龄依次为~2. 8 Ga、~2. 3 Ga、~1. 9 Ga、~1. 8 Ga、~1. 7 Ga、~1. 3 Ga、~178 Ma和~160 Ma,区域上均存在与之对应的岩浆热事件。五丈山花岗岩具有高硅、富碱高钾、贫镁低钙的特征,属于钾玄岩系列和高钾钙碱性系列。它富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,在微量元素蛛网图上显示明显的Nb、Ta、P及Ti负异常,稀土配分模式具有右倾平滑、轻稀土富集及重稀土亏损及无明显负Eu异常等特征。五丈山花岗岩具有高Sr、低Y的特征,属于高锶低钇中酸性岩（Adakite,有人音译为埃达克岩）,它是加厚大陆下地壳的部分熔融形成的,部分熔融源区的残余相矿物包括石榴子石、金红石和角闪石,且无（富钙）斜长石残留。熊耳山地区在~160 Ma经历的岩石圈拆沉作用致使不同深度范围、不同成分的原岩近同时发生部分熔融,多种成因的锆石加入到深部流体内并与之快速上升,途中注入到未完全固结岩浆/流体库,在经历岩浆—流体活化后上侵至地壳浅部后形成了具有复杂单颗粒锆石年龄谱的五丈山花岗岩。另外一方面,深部流体也因熊耳山地区~160 Ma岩石圈拆沉而获得快速释放,其周缘~160 Ma的Au、Mo成矿作用得益于深部含矿流体的有效封闭,五丈山花岗岩周缘及深部仍具有巨大的内生金属成矿潜力。     

岩石中平面装药爆炸作用下不同高跨比结构抗爆性能试验研究

通过平面装药加载试验,研究了平面装药爆炸荷载作用下不同高跨比结构的抗爆性能。结合历次强爆炸结构效应试验,分析了强爆炸作用下硬岩中支护结构不同破坏等级对应的破坏特征。详细描述了不同高跨比结构的宏观破坏形态,揭示了结构的破坏机制。试验表明：3种不同高跨比结构在荷载环境相同情况下,结构的破坏特征和破坏等级不同,高跨比为1.17的结构试验段,拱部产生挤压、压剪破坏,坑道内呈现中等堵塞,属于严重破坏;高跨比为1.50的结构试验段,拱脚产生贯穿压剪破坏带,直墙受拉伸剥离破坏,坑道内呈现中等剥离,剥落混凝土在底板形成大量堆积,属于中等破坏;高跨比为1.00的结构试验段,主要受劈裂剥离破坏,坑道内呈现轻微剥离,剥落混凝土在底板形成局部堆积,属于中等破坏。综合分析可知,高跨比为1.00的结构型式整体抗爆性能最佳。     

江南断裂带(安徽段)的构造性质及地球物理特征研究

江南断裂带在安徽境内沿东至、石台、泾县到宣城一线呈NE向分布,野外主要表现为构造角砾岩破碎带和一系列逆冲推覆断裂;其布格重力异常显示断裂深处产状逐渐变缓,具有向SE向偏移的特征;从寒武纪到晚泥盆世时期控制了断裂两侧的岩性和沉积环境。通过对其野外构造现象、地球物理、岩相古地理的分析和研究,认为江南断裂带（安徽段）是一个多期活动的深大断裂：加里东期,断裂开始发育;该断裂从寒武纪到晚泥盆世时期控制了断裂两侧的岩性、沉积相、沉积环境的不同,表现为同沉积活动断层的性质;印支期断裂主要表现为由南向北的逆冲推覆及顺层剪切作用;燕山早期主要为一系列由SE向NW逆冲推覆构造及脆性断裂;燕山晚期,断裂主要表现正断层及平移断层的特征;喜山期,断裂以正断层活动为特征。     

Effects of suspended sediment characteristics and bed sediment transport on streambed clogging

Fine sediment deposition in streambeds can reduce pore water fluxes and the overall rate of hyporheic exchange, producing deleterious effects on benthic and hyporheic ecological communities. To increase understanding of the factors that control the reduction of hyporheic exchange by fine sediment deposition, we conducted experiments in a laboratory flume to observe changes in the rates of solute exchange and kaolinite clay deposition as substantial amounts of kaolinite accumulated in the streambed. Two long‐term experiments were conducted, with durations of 14 days and 29 days. Use of a laboratory flume system allowed steady stream flow conditions to be maintained throughout both experiments, and alternating injections of known quantities of kaolinite and a sodium chloride tracer were used to assess the effect of clay accumulation on hyporheic exchange directly. In the first experiment, there was no bed sediment transport and kaolinite deposition formed a highly clogged near‐surface layer that greatly reduced hyporheic exchange. Application of a fundamental model for advective hyporheic exchange indicated that the effective permeability and porosity of the streambed decreased substantially during the course of the experiment. In the second experiment, the kaolinite was prepared with different surface properties to be more mobile, and the experiment was conducted with a small degree of bed sediment transport. As a result, no distinct clogged layer developed, and the rate of hyporheic exchange was found to remain approximately constant throughout the experiment (29 days). These results indicate that increasing fine sediment loads, e.g. those that occur from changes in land use, can have substantially different impacts on hyporheic exchange and associated ecological processes depending on the stream flow conditions, the rate and frequency of bed sediment transport, and the extent of interaction of the introduced fines with bed sediments. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.