运城盆地11 kaBP以来气候环境变迁与湖面波动

通过黄土区湖泊沉积研究来恢复古气候、古环境，是对黄土区古气候、古环境研究的补充和检验。通过山西运城盆地硝地湖泊沉积物的多环境代用指标分析，结合史料记载，探讨了该地区11kaBP以来古气候演化和湖面波动的历史。结果表明，该地区存在YD（Younger Dryas）事件，进入全新世后气候有显著的趋势，最高湿润度发生在7．88－5．15和5kaBP后，气候逐渐变干，湖面波动与气候波动相关，全新世早期湖面开始上升，湖泊扩张，5kaBP后湖泊萎缩，盐类结晶析出。     

五个短蛸群体等位基因酶的遗传变异

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了山东沿海莱州（LZ），烟台（YT）、青岛（QD），日照（RZ）和大连（DL）五地短蛸自然群体的等位基因酶遗传变异。分析了AAT，ALP，EST，GRS，G6PD，SDH，CAT，SOD，IDH，GPI，PGM，G3PD，MPI，ME，MDH，CK，AK等同工酶在短蛸外套肌和肝脏组织中的表达情况，并对同工酶进行了生化遗传分析，LZ，YT，QD，RZ，DL五个群体的多态位点比例分别为15％，5％，10%,10%,10%(P0．99），群体平均杂合度观测值分别为0．024，0．001，0．009，0．007，0．006，平均位点有效等位基因数分别为1．200，1．022，1．061，1．103，1．077。结果表明，LZ群体的遗传多样性较高，同时，各群体中普遍存在杂合子缺失现象，对五个群体的遗传距离进行聚类分析，构建了系统树图。     

杰氏风暴潮预报方法在珠海及粤西海域的应用

本文通过杰氏风暴潮预报方法对历史上给珠海和粤西海域造成较大影响的台风增水事件进行后报试验,并通过统计分析方法对原有的预报公式进行订正,总结出适合珠海及粤西海域的风暴潮预报公式.利用5a的时间对珠海及粤西海域的台风增水进行试报,结果表明预报准确率分别达95.0%和87.6%,尤其对一些增水较大、影响较严重的台风增水预报相对更加准确,预报准确率均达90.0%以上.这说明订正后的公式对珠海及粤西海域的风暴潮预报能得到较好的预报效果.     

Co–rich Mn crusts from the Magellan Seamount cluster: the long journey through time

The Magellan seamounts began forming as large submarine shield volcanoes south of the equator during the Cretaceous. These volcanoes formed as a cluster on the small Pacific plate in a period when tectonic stress was absent. Thermal subsidence of the seafloor led to sinking of these volcanoes and the formation of guyots as the seamounts crossed the equatorial South Pacific (10–0°S) sequentially and ocean surface temperatures became too high for calcareous organisms to survive. Guyot formation was completed between about 59 and 45 Ma and the guyots became phosphatized at about 39–34 and 27–21 Ma. Ferromanganese crusts began formation as proto-crusts on the seamounts and guyots of the Magellan Seamount cluster towards the end of the Cretaceous up to 55 Ma after the formation of the seamounts themselves. The chemical composition of these crusts evolved over time in a series of steps in response to changes in global climate and ocean circulation. The great thickness of these crusts (up to 15–20 cm) reflects their very long period of growth. The high Co contents of the outer parts of the crusts are a consequence of the increasing deep circulation of the ocean and the resulting deepening of the oxygen minimum zone with time. Growth of the Co-rich Mn crusts in the Magellan Seamount cluster can be considered to be the culmination of a long journey through time.     

早第三纪济阳湖盆的形成和演变

在构造和气候的综合作用下,本区在早第三纪成为一个大型裂谷湖盆,并在沙四、沙三和沙一期因受古太平洋海泛影响而具有"近海"湖盆的特征,其演变经历了初始形成-强烈扩张-晚期扩张-收缩干涸四个阶段,构成一个完整的湖侵-湖退旋回和湖泊早期形成-中期扩张-晚期收缩三个亚旋回。     

一种基于启发式算法的等高线局部内插方法

在基于启发式内插等高线算法的基础上提出了一种局部内插方法。首先利用Douglas-Peucker算法提取等高线的特征点,根据特征点判断等高线之间的相似性程度,找出导致等高线出现异常的特征点;然后将相似性程度很低的两条等高线自动分解为若干简单等高线再进行内插。有效地解决了局部弯曲很大、马鞍型地貌等复杂等高线的内插问题。算法已经在以Microstation为平台的数字制图系统中实现并逐渐实用化。     

对我国西南地区河谷深厚覆盖层成因机理的新认识

近年来,在我国水能资源开发过程中,发现各河流现代河床以下普遍堆积厚达数十米甚至上百米的松散堆积物。河谷深厚覆盖层的存在,不仅严重制约了工程坝址的选择,影响相关流域水电资源的开发利用,也给坝工设计带来巨大的困难。由于深厚覆盖层埋藏于现代河床之下,其形成年代一般先于一二级阶地,有悖于河流发育演化的常理,其成因一直令人费解。首次将河谷深切和深厚堆积事件与全球气候变化、海平面升降运动、地壳运动等有机地联系起来,并提出冰期、间冰期全球海平面大幅度升降,是导致河流深切成谷并形成深厚堆积的主要原因的新观点。在此基础上,引入层序地层学原理,从理论上较好地解释了全球气候变化导致海平面和河流侵蚀基准面大幅变化,并产生河谷深切和深厚堆积的原因和过程。最后,进一步将沿河大型古滑坡的孕育和发生与河谷深切事件相联系,提出沿河大型古滑坡是在河谷深切期因前缘临空较好而形成的新观点,从而对沿河古滑坡前缘剪出口高程往往低于现代河床数十米的原因给出了较合理的解释。     

新疆与哈萨克斯坦寒武纪磷块岩资源

新疆和哈萨克斯坦寒武纪均为主要的磷矿成矿时代之一,但所形成的磷块岩资源量差别巨大．新疆寒武纪磷块岩矿层薄、矿石质量差、储量很少,哈萨克斯坦小卡拉套山寒武纪磷块岩矿层厚度大、矿石质量好、储量巨大．从实施“走出去”战略出发,邻国小卡拉套地区丰富的磷矿资源对于弥补新疆磷矿资源的严重不足具有重要意义．     

Study on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin

Studies on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, which is regarded as a key ecological shelter, will contribute to flood control and environmental protection for the Upper Yangtze River Basin. In two typical catchments--the Fujiang River Catchment and the Wujiang River Catchment, rainfall simulations have been conducted to study the rain-runoff processes of yellow soil and limestone soil in three types of land use--forestland, farmland and grassland. Results showed that （1） within the same rainfall process, overland flow occurs first on farmland, then on grassland, and finally on forestland; （2） soil surface coverage has a great impact on the occurrence and amount of overland flow. The runoff amount can increase 2-4 times after the coverage is removed; （3） the infiltration before the occurrence of overland flow will decrease because of higher gravel contents of soil, but it takes no effect on infiltration once overland flow becomes stable; （4） the runoff coefficient of the limestone soil forestland is greater than that of the yellow soil forest land, but less than that of the farmland; （5） three empirical infiltration models, including Horton＇ model, Kostiakov＇ model, and modified Kostiakov＇ model, were compared by using the observed results under rainfall simulation. The results showed that the Kostiakov＇ model performed better than both the Horton＇ model and modified Kostiakov model. According to the results of this research, the Kostiakov＇s model can be used to simulate rainfall infiltration when water erosion is modeled in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin.