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161.
This paper addresses temporal variability in bottom hypoxia in broad shallow areas of Mobile Bay, Alabama. Time-series data
collected in the summer of 2004 from one station (mean depth of 4 m) exhibit bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) variations associated
with various time scales of hours to days. Despite a large velocity shear, stratification was strong enough to suppress vertical
mixing most of the time. Bottom DO was closely related to the vertical salinity gradient (ΔS). Hypoxia seldom occurred when
ΔS (over 2.5 m) was <2 psu and occurred almost all the time when ΔS was >8 psu in the absence of extreme events like hurricanes.
Oxygen balance between vertical mixing and total oxygen demand was considered for bottom water from which oxygen demand and
diffusive oxygen flux were estimated. The estimated decay rates at 20°C ranging between 0.175–0.322 d−1 and the corresponding oxygen consumption as large as 7.4 g O2 m−2 d−1 fall at the upper limit of previously reported ranges. The diffusive oxygen flux and the corresponding vertical diffusivity
estimated for well mixed conditions range between 8.6–9.5 g O2 m−2 d−1 and 2.6–2.9 m2 d−1, respectively. Mobile Bay hypoxia is likely to be associated with a large oxygen demand, supported by both water column and
sediment oxygen demands, so that oxygen supply from surface water during destratification events would be quickly exhausted
to return to hypoxic conditions within a few hours to days after destratification events are terminated. 相似文献
162.
Yu-Jie Hao Yun-Sheng Ren Ming-Xin Duan Xuan Zhao Qun Yang Kuang-Yin Tong Chao Li 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(15):655
The Zhengguang deposit, a representative large gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field in NE China, is located in the northeast of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Ore body emplacement was structurally controlled and occurs mainly at the contact zone between the strata of Duobaoshan Formation and an Ordovician diorite stock. The diorite rocks have a close genetic relationship with Au mineralization. Re–Os isotope dating of Au-bearing pyrite yields an isochron age of 506 ± 44 Ma (MSWD = 15). Based on present and previous dating results, it can be concluded that the Zhengguang deposit formed at ~480 Ma. The mineralization time of the Zhengguang deposit is nearly identical to those of the Duobaoshan and Tongshan deposits, indicating they are all derived from the same metallogenic system. The Duobaoshan-style porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization may exist at deeper levels at Zhengguang. The geochemical characteristics of the Zhengguang dioritic rocks presented in this paper are similar to those of bajaitic high-Mg andesite, and the magmas originated from a mantle wedge metasomatized by melts from a subducting oceanic slab at an active continental margin setting. The Ordovician magmatic–metallogenic events in the Duobaoshan ore field were caused by the westward subduction of an oceanic slab located between the Xing’an and Songliao blocks. It is worth pointing out that the Zhengguang deposit is the oldest known Phanerozoic Au deposit in NE China. Further studies of this deposit will improve understanding of the regularity of ore formation and aid mineralization forecast across the Duobaoshan region. 相似文献
163.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>W</Subscript>9 Tohoku earthquake in 2011 in Japan: precursors uncovered by natural time analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Panayiotis A. Varotsos Nicholas V. Sarlis Efthimios S. Skordas Mary S. Lazaridou-Varotsos 《地震科学(英文版)》2017,30(4):183-191
This paper reviews the precursory phenomena of the 2011 M W9 Tohoku earthquake in Japan that emerge solely when we analyze the seismicity data in a new time domain termed natural time. If we do not consider this analysis, important precursory changes cannot be identified and hence are missed. Natural time analysis has the privilege that enables the introduction of an order parameter of seismicity. In this frame, we find that the fluctuations of this parameter exhibit an unprecedented characteristic change, i.e., an evident minimum, approximately two months before Tohoku earthquake, which strikingly is almost simultaneous with unique anomalous geomagnetic field variations recorded mainly on the z component. This is consistent with our finding that such a characteristic change in seismicity appears when a seismic electric signal (SES) activity of the VAN method (from the initials of Varotsos, Alexopoulos, Nomicos) initiates, and provides a direct confirmation of the physical interconnection between SES and seismicity. 相似文献
164.
Shangyue Shen Qinglai Feng Wenqiang Yang Zhibin Zhang Chongpom Chonglakmani 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(4):337-342
Late Permian-Early Triassic (P2-T1) volcanic rocks distributed on the eastern side of ocean-ridge and oceanic-island basalts in the Nan-Uttaradit zone were
analyzed from aspects of petrographic characteristics, rock assemblage, REE, trace elements, geotectonic setting, etc., indicating
that those volcanic rocks possess the characteristic features of island-arc volcanic rocks. The volcanic rock assemblage is
basalt-basaltic andesite-andesite. The volcanic rocks are sub-alkaline, dominated by calc-alkaline series, with tholeiite
series coming next. The chemical composition of the volcanic rocks is characterized by low TiO2 and K2O and high Al2O3 and Na2O. Their REE patterns are of the flat, weak LREE-enrichment right-inclined type. The trace elements are characterized by the
enrichment of large cation elements such as K, Rb and Ba, common enrichment of U and Th, and depletion of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf.
The petrochemical plot falls within the field of volcanic rocks, in consistency with the plot of island-arc volcanic rocks
in the Jinsha River zone of China. This island-arc volcanic zone, together with the ocean-ridge/oceanic island type volcanic
rocks in the Nan-Uttaradit zone, constitutes the ocean-ridge volcanic rock-island-arc magmatic rock zones which are distributed
in pairs, indicating that the oceanic crust of the Nan-Uttaradit zone once was of eastward subduction. This work is of great
significance in exploring the evolution of paleo-Tethys in the Nan-Uttaradit zone. 相似文献
165.
166.
Eduardo E. Alonso Sarah M. Springman Charles W. W. Ng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):817-826
Two large-scale “in situ” demonstration experiments and their instrumentation are described. The first test (FEBEX Experiment)
involves the hydration of a compacted bentonite barrier under the combined effect of an inner source of heat and an outer
water flow from the confining saturated granite rock. In the second case, the progressive de-saturation of Opalinus clay induced
by maintained ventilation of an unlined tunnel is analyzed. The paper shows the performance of different sensors (capacitive
cells, psychrometers, TDR’s) and a comparison of fill behaviour with modelling results. The long term performance of some
instruments could also be evaluated specially in the case of FEBEX test. Capacitive sensors provide relative humidity data
during long transient periods characterised by very large variations of suction within the bentonite. 相似文献
167.
Hans von Storch Eduardo Zorita Fidel González-Rouco 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(1):67-82
The performance of statistical climate reconstruction methods in the pre-instrumental period is uncertain, as they are calibrated
in a short instrumental period but applied to much longer reconstructions time spans. Here, the virtual reality created by
a climate simulation of the past millennium with the model ECHO-G is used as a test bed of three methods to reconstruct the
annual Northern Hemisphere temperature. The methods are Composite plus Scaling, the inverse regression method of Mann et al.
(Nature 392:779–787, 1998) and a direct principal-components regression method. The testing methodology is based on the construction of pseudo-proxies
derived from the climate model output, the application of each of these methods to pseudo-proxy timeseries, and the comparison
of their result with the simulated mean temperature. Different structures of the noise have been used to construct pseudo-proxies,
ranging from the simulated grid-point precipitation. Also, one sparse and one denser pseudo-proxy network, co-located with
two real networks, have been considered. All three methods underestimate the simulated variations of the Northern Hemisphere
temperature, but the Composite plus Scaling method clearly displays a better performance and is robust against the different
noise models and network size. The most relevant factor determining the skill of the reconstruction appears to be the network
size, whereas the different noise models tend to yield similar results. 相似文献
168.
Abdullah Gedikli Hafzullah Aksoy N. Erdem Unal 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2008,22(3):291-302
Time series analysis is an important issue in the earth science-related engineering applications such as hydrology, meteorology
and environmetrics. Inconsistency and nonhomogeneity that might arise in a time series yield segments with different statistical
characteristics. In this study, an algorithm based on the first order statistical moment (average) of a time series is developed
and applied on five time series with length ranging from 84 items to nearly 1,300. Comparison to the existing segmentation
algorithms proves the applicability and usefulness of the proposed algorithm in long hydrometeorological and geophysical time
series analysis. 相似文献
169.
Here we have examined interactions of gold nanoparticles differing in primary particle size and coating with the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as function of the colloidal stability of the particles in the experimental media used for toxicity studies. Interactions of dissolved Au3+ ions with algae were also examined. Included endpoints were photosynthetic yield and algal growth. Morphological and structural effects were examined microscopically and by flow cytometry. The results indicate no significant toxicity of gold nanoparticles to C. reinhardtii. Analysis of published data suggests toxicity of gold nanoparticles on algal growth to relate rather to particular coatings than to the gold core. 相似文献
170.
The aim of this study was to display distribution and relationships of heavy elements in the unconfined, shallow alluvial aquifers of the lower Jia Bharali catchment and adjoining areas in central part of North Brahmaputra Plain (NBP), India using hydrochemical as well as multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The original matrix was made up of 10 trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn) estimated from 50 shallow alluvial dug wells in both the wet and the dry season for a duration of 3 hydrological years (2008–2011). Except As, Cu and Zn all the other toxic metals in the shallow aquifers were found exceeding the WHO maximum permissible limits for drinking water. PCA extracted five varimax factors as geogenic, agricultural and anthropogenic explaining about 71.2% of the total variance in the wet season and 69.3% total variance in the dry season. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified the dug wells into two groups in the wet season and three groups in the dry season with respect to the heavy elements. The results emphasized the need for routine monitoring and management in order to avoid contamination of groundwater sources in the NBP with respect to the dissolved trace elements. 相似文献