Lineament analysis of Cannanore district and their implication on the tectonic evolution of the area

The Cannanore district and the adjoining areas mainly comprise of charnokites, gniesses, high and low-grade schists and various types of igneous intrusives. The lineament fabric of the region indicates that the NNW-SSE, NW-SE, ENE-WSW and NE-SW lineament directions are prominent. It is suggested that the area has undergone at least three distinct phases of tectonic activity. The NW-SE and ENE-WSW lineaments appear to have formed during the phase of NW-SE folding. The NE-SW lineaments may be the result of the cross-folding of the earlier folds. The NNW-SSE lineaments have been related to the Precambrian tectonic activity in South India.     

Simulating sub-daily hydrological process with SWAT: a review

ABSTRACT

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a watershed-scale hydrologic model that integrates water quantity and quality modules. Despite the large amount of knowledge on the SWAT model, specific understanding of sub-daily applications remains limited. In this review, we identify the shortcomings and possible ways forward in simulating sub-daily processes with the model. A literature review was conducted, along with a participatory method based on a questionnaire. We reviewed 28 scientific articles and categorized them into: (i) model development, (ii) streamflow methods comparison, (iii) water quality, and (iv) other applications. We found that using sub-daily data improves hydrograph peak simulation, while for medium flows use of daily data was better. From all the reviewed studies, a 1-hour time step was the most suitable time scale for the sub-daily model application. The participatory questionnaire confirmed the hypothesis that the main challenge for using the sub-daily routine was the lack of high-resolution data.