离子色谱法测定海水中氯离子和硫酸根离子

氯离子和硫酸根离子是海水中重要的无机阴离子,在研究海洋生态变化、海洋循环作用过程与海洋全球气候变化等领域具有重要的指示意义。其测定方法较多,但缺少相应的测试方法。本文对测定海水中Cl^–,SO₄^2–的离子色谱方法进行了优化,选用IonPacAS14碳酸盐选择性离子色谱柱,以3.5mmol/L Na₂CO₃+1 mmol/L NaHCO₃为流动相,可消除海水样品中碳酸盐及其他阴离子的干扰。该方法对Cl^–检出限为0.29mg/L,线性相关系数r²=0.999 2,对SO₄^2–检出限为0.42mg/L,线性相关系数r²=0.997 9。样品的加标回收率在95%～102%,Cl^–和SO₄^2–的相对标准偏差分别为1.92%和4.18%。该方法简便、迅速、灵敏、准确度高,可满足批量海水样品中Cl<...     

卫星测高技术应用研究回顾与展望

简要介绍了笔者所在单位近十年来密切跟踪世界发展动态,灵活运用高新技术,致力于卫星测高技术应用研究所取得的一些有理论意义和实用价值的成果,这些成果主要包括四个方面：卫星测高径向轨道误差时域和空域特征分析、卫星测高反演海洋重力场、卫星测高反演海底地形以及利用测高重力异常扩展超高阶地球位模型研究成果。最后对这一研究领域未来的发展方向作了展望。     

风浪背景下舰船水压场信号的自适应AR模型预测滤波

为了有效地从风浪背景中检测舰船水压信号,首先根据舰船水压信号和波浪噪声的特点以时间序列的AR模型理论为依据,导出一种便于实现的自适应滤波器结构,并用NFTF自适应算法实现对舰船水压信号的预测滤波,取得了明显的效果.计算机仿真实验结果表明,给出的方法对抗波浪干扰具有良好的性能.     

Mineral provinces and matter provenance of the surficial sediments in the western Philippine Sea: implication for modern sedimentation in West Pacific marginal basin

The characteristics and distribution patterns of detrital minerals (0.063~0.125 mm) in marine sediments provide a significant indicator for the identification of the origin of sediment.The detrital mineral composition of 219 surface sediment samples was analysed to identify the distribution of sediments within the western Philippine Sea. The area can be divided into three mineral provinces: (I) province east of the Philippine Trench, the detrital minerals in this province are mainly composed of calcareous or siliceous organisms, with the addition of volcanogenic minerals from an adjacent island arc; (II) middle mineral province, clastic minerals including feldspar, quartz and colorless volcanic glass, sourced from seamounts with intermediate-acid volcanic rock, or erupting intermediate-acid volcano; (III) province west of the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge, the matter provenance within this province is complex; the small quantity of feldspar and quartz may be sourced from seamounts or erupting volcano with intermediate-acid composition, with a component of volcanic scoria sourced from a volcano erupting on the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge. it is suggested that, (1) Biogenic debris of the study area is closely related to water depth, with the amount of biogenic debris controlled by carbonate lysocline. (2) Volcaniclastic matter derived from the adjacent island arc can be entrained by oceanic currents and transported towards the abyssal basin over a short distance. The weathering products of volcanic rocks of the submarine plateau (e.g.,Benham Plateau) and adjacent ridges provide an important source of detrital sedimentation, and the influence scope of them is constrained by the intensity of submarine weathering. (3) Terrigenous sediments from the continent of Asia and the adjacent Philippine island arc have little influence on the sedimentation of this study area, and the felsic mineral component is probably sourced from volcanic seamounts of intermediate-acid composition.     

南海高钙沉积物中18种常微量元素的ICP-AES测定方法研究

在利用ICP-AES分析南海高钙沉积物中的常微量元素时,钙、镁常常干扰其它元素测试。通过采用优化仪器工作参数、扣除背景值、谱线干扰校正和基体匹配的步骤,消除了元素干扰和钙、镁基体效应,提高了方法的灵敏度和准确度。通过对南海沉积物样品的大量实验和国家一级标准样验证,建立了适宜高钙海洋沉积物元素含量的ICP-AES测试方法。该方法检出限为1.55~271μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD<4.54%(n=6)。     

平潭近岸海域浮子漂移轨迹及其数值模拟

平潭近岸海域岸线曲折,周边岛礁众多,海底地形复杂,是福建省海难事故的高发区.本研究建立了平潭近岸海域海上目标物漂移轨迹的预测系统,该系统通过风场和流场的数值模型获取海面动力环境信息,采用拉格朗日算法实现对海上目标物漂移轨迹的预测追踪.其中海流模型采用ROMS（regional ocean modeling system）模型构建,模型水平方向上最高分辨率为100m,垂向上分为16层,并考虑干湿边界,以体现复杂海岸线和水深地形.通过验证分析,潮位、流速和流向的模拟平均绝对误差分别为0.20 m、0.12 m/s和26°.通过平潭近岸2个浮子实验,结果表明,浮子漂移过程中受潮流和局地地形的影响明显,对漂移模型在平潭近岸海域的适用性进行初步验证,浮子模拟轨迹与实际漂移过程基本吻合,模拟时段内最大偏差距离为2.8km,系统可以为平潭近岸海域海上突发事故应急决策提供参考.     

Observations of Dynamic Turbulence in the Lower Stratosphere over Inner Mongolia Using a High-resolution Balloon Sensor Constant Temperature Anemometer

We present characterizations of the dynamic turbulence in the lower stratosphere measured by a new balloon-based system designed for detecting finer scale dynamic turbulence. The balloon-based system included a constant temperature anemometer(CTA) operating at a sampling rate of 2 k Hz at an ascent speed of 5 m s^-1(corresponding to a vertical resolution of 2.5 mm), an industrial personal computer, batteries, sensors for ambient temperature and humidity, an A/D converter, and others. The system was successfully launched to 24 km altitude over Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Province. Results show the spatial intermittence of the turbulence layers, with clear boundaries between turbulent and nonturbulent regions. This is the first time that the dynamic turbulence spectrum down to the viscous sub-range has been obtained throughout the lower stratosphere over China. With that, the energy dissipation rates of dynamic turbulence could be calculated with high precision. The profile of the dissipation rates varied from 7.37 × 10^-7 to 4.23 W kg^-1 and increased with altitude in the stratosphere.     

国产机载LiDAR安置角误差检校初探

机载LiDAR的对地定位的误差来源包括单机误差和集成误差.结合试验数据对集成误差中的最大误差源安置角误差检校进行探讨,从安置角误差检校的原理、方法到整个系统精度评定,得出国产机载激光雷达对地定位的相对精度.     

扬子陆块西缘古元古代基性侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素及其地质意义

扬子陆块西缘康滇南北向构造带内发育大量古元古代基性岩脉（墙）,它们对于认识扬子陆块早期的构造演化具有重要意义。对四川会理地区侵入到元古界通安组内的辉长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测定,获得的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为1694Ma±16Ma（MSWD=0.9）,代表了该辉长岩的形成和侵位时代,这一结果指示会理地区通安组应为古元古代地层。辉长岩全岩地球化学具有类似于N-MORB的特征。辉长岩锆石初始（176Hf/177Hf）i值为0.281881~0.281982,对应的εHf（t）为6.2~9.8,单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄tDM1为1738~1883Ma,平均值为1803Ma。这些数据表明古元古代辉长岩来源于亏损地幔,指示古元古代晚期扬子西缘之下存在亏损地幔。结合扬子西缘大量古老的碎屑锆石,推测扬子陆块西缘存在太古宙—古元古代的结晶基底。与扬子陆块西缘古元古代晚期基性侵入岩形成有关的幔源岩浆事件明显晚于扬子陆块古元古代碰撞造山及造山后的伸展作用,记录了扬子陆块古元古代晚期一次伸展过程,可能是Columbia超大陆裂解作用在扬子陆块的响应。     

采用截尾最小二乘估计的DEM匹配方法

不借助控制点匹配表面来探测表面差异是一个非常困难的问题!在多时相DEM分析中具有非常广阔的应用前景.提出一个使用截尾最小二乘估计的最小高差算法(LTS-LZD)该算法在迭代过程中通过基于高差直方图的自适应阈值来区分变形区观测量.通过模拟试验对算法性能进行全面深入的试验,试验结果表明新方法具有较高的匹配精度与差异探测精度!且与变形比例基本无关.