Analysis of Pseudomomentum Wave-Activity Density in a Heavy Rainfall Event in East China简

Taking into account moisture in virtue of general potential temperature,the author derive a three-dimensional（3D） pseudomomentum wave-activity relation for the moist atmosphere from the primitive equations in Cartesian coordinates using the Momentum-Casimir method.Since the wave-activity relation is constructed in an ageostrophic and non-hydrostatic dynamical framework,it may be applicable to diagnosing the evolution and propagation of mesoscale systems leading to heavy rainfall.The theoretical analysis shows that,besides the local change of wave-activity flux divergence and source or sink,the wave-activity relation includes two additional forcing terms.The first is the zonal gradient of difference between general potential temperature and potential temperature perturbations,and the second is the covariance of the solenoid and gradient of water vapor,denoting the direct influence of moisture on wave-activity density.The wave-activity density was applied to a heavy precipitation event occurring in the Jianghuai region of China.The calculation showed that the wave-activity density was consistent with 6-h accumulated precipitation observations,in terms of both spatial distribution and temporal tendency.This suggested that the disturbance represented by wave-activity density was closely related to the heavy precipitation.Although the wave-activity flux divergence and the covariance of the solenoid and gradient of water vapor made the primary contribution to the local change of wave-activity density,the covariance was more remarkable.The zonal gradient of difference between general potential temperature and potential temperature perturbations made a weaker contribution to the waveactivity density.     

登陆台风莫拉克(2009)的涡度拟能收支分析

利用涡度拟能、散度平方项(简记为散度能量)和总变形平方项(简记为变形能量)来表征涡度、散度和变形的强度,并推导这3个物理量的倾向方程。这些方程中既包含代表这些物理量相互转化的符号相反项,也含有代表共同强迫的符号相同项,其中,涡度拟能局地变化主要由涡度拟能与变形能量的共同强迫项、涡度拟能与变形能量的转化项以及涡度拟能与散度能量的转化项组成。针对2009年第8号台风莫拉克,利用美国全球预报系统分析场资料计算这些方程中的强迫项,分析涡度拟能及其收支特征,以此来探讨影响台风莫拉克涡度拟能局地变化的主要物理因素。结果表明,在莫拉克发展和衰减阶段,涡度拟能与变形能量的共同强迫项(涡-形相同项)和涡度拟能与散度能量的转化项(涡-散转化项)是影响涡度拟能局地变化的重要强迫项。涡度拟能与变形能量转化项(涡-形转化项)的贡献相对来说弱一些。影响位涡拟能局地变化的重要物理因素是涡-形相同项和涡-形转化项中的平流输送项和散度耦合项,以及涡-散转化项中散度耦合项。变形能量一方面通过涡-形转化项向涡度拟能转化,直接促进涡度拟能增长;另一方面通过散-形转化项向散度能量转化,再通过涡-散转化项散度能量向涡度拟能转化,间接促进涡度拟能增长。     

南海北部和中部硅藻通量季节性变化及其对季风气候的响应

通过对南海北部和中部两套时间序列沉积物捕获器中的颗粒物样品进行硅藻分析,揭示了南海北部和中部硅藻通量的季节变化规律及其区域差异和各自对东亚季风气候的响应.研究表明在南海北部和中部海域,硅藻通量可以在一定程度上指示海洋初级生产力水平,其中南海北部硅藻通量明显低于中部,这可能与北部颗粒物样品采集期间发生的E1 Ni(n)o...     

铜仁市碧江区旅游气象舒适度与客流量关系分析

利用碧江区1999-2018年的气候资料和2017-2019年的景区游客量资料,对碧江区气候舒适度进行评价,划分气候舒适度等级,综合分析气候舒适度与游客量的相关性。研究表明：碧江区旅游气候舒适度年适宜时段主要分布在3-6月,8月底到11月底,共196天;碧江区年内游客量呈“双峰型”特征,峰值分别出现在5月和10月;总体来说,碧江区气候舒适度与天生桥、大明边城、百花渡等三个景区游客量具有较好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.81,0.75,0.69。     

云南盈江邦朗寨铅锌矿成矿条件及找矿远景

邦郎寨铅、锌多金属矿化体主要赋存于下元古界高黎贡山群下段（Pt1gl1）角闪片岩、板岩及硅质岩和结晶灰岩中,矿体由深部富含挥发分的含矿热液沿层间剥离滑脱构造充填成矿.并在断裂构造有利部位形成热液充填型铅、锌多金属隐伏矿体.     

Dynamic changes and transitions of agricultural landscape patterns in mountainous areas: A case study from the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Analyzing the agricultural landscape patterns in mountainous areas is critical to clarify the dynamic changes and development direction of agricultural landscapes. This also plays a significant role in the rational planning and management of agricultural land. A theoretical framework for agricultural landscape pattern transitions in mountainous areas is proposed to fill the gap of current research with an empirical study in the Caotangxi Watershed, Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), China. The transition characteristics of agricultural landscape patterns from 2000 to 2018 as represented by sloping farmland, abandoned land, and orchards are analyzed from a holistic-local perspective. The results indicate that the orchards expanded along river valleys, and abandoned land expanded at high elevations, which led to reduced sloping farmland. This phenomenon gives regional landscape differences at the holistic and local levels. Namely, it enhances the region’s holistic landscape diversity but causes fragmentation and aggregation of landscape patches in local areas. The agricultural landscape pattern transitions within the farming range in the study area are manifested primarily in four modes: sloping farmland-orchard conversion type (FOCT), comprehensive conversion type (CCT), partially abandoned type (PAT), and wholly abandoned type (WAT). Each transition mode reveals different development stages of the mountainous agricultural landscape patterns. In general, the agricultural landscape pattern transition is driven by socioeconomic factors in mountainous areas of the TGRA and is bidirectional. This attribute is expressed as the transition from the traditional grain-planting landscape with an even distribution to the eco-economic win-win orchard in valleys and transitions from sloping farmland to abandoned land in high-elevation areas. Overall, the results of this study reveal the uniqueness of agricultural landscape pattern evolutions in China’s mountainous areas in recent decades, which has enlightened the in-depth understandings of rural land use and agricultural ecosystems in mountainous areas of the TGRA, as well as improvements in rural developments and ecological environments.     

倾斜摄影测量和惯导RTK在农村宅基地确权中的应用

贵州省地形复杂,地块破碎,农村宅基地形状不规则,且房屋多在植被高且茂密的地方,导致实地作业难度大、耗时多,常规RTK信号易被中断。针对该问题,本文考虑倾斜摄影技术和惯导RTK的优势,提出了一种倾斜摄影测量技术和惯导RTK技术在农村宅基地确权中的应用方法,旨在高效率地完成贵州省农村宅基地确权工作。在贵州省纳雍县董地乡新华村进行农村宅基地确权测量试验,采用全站仪对研究区的界址点点位、界址线边长及宗地面积的高精度观测进行验证,并从两个角度详细阐述了该方法的可行性:一是对全站仪数据和倾斜摄影技术图解法得到的数据进行对比分析和精度评定;二是对全站仪数据和惯导RTK解析法得到的数据进行对比分析。试验结果表明,倾斜摄影测量的图解法成果数据满足《地籍调查规程》(TD/T 1001—2012)中图解法1∶1000地籍图的要求,惯导RTK的解析法成果数据满足该规程中解析法二级精度的要求。基于此,该方法在农村宅基地确权中表现出精度高、操作性强、耗时低的优势,可为喀斯特山区农村宅基地确权提供一种可复制性强的参考方法。     

台风Morakot(2009)暴雨中关键尺度位涡的诊断分析

采用二维小波变换方法对格点分析资料进行多尺度分解,诊断分析台风Morakot(2009)登陆福建省霞浦市过程中位涡的多尺度特征。在此基础上,讨论了多尺度位涡正压项通量散度对位涡正压项局地变化的贡献。研究结果表明,在此次台风登陆过程中位涡主要包含第4、5关键尺度(理论波长范围为96.4~160.67 km)动力扰动和第3、4关键尺度(理论波长范围为64.27~128.54 km)热力扰动的综合信息。由于关键尺度位涡正压项的强度大于斜压项,因而位涡主要体现了第4、5动力尺度垂直涡度与第3、4热力尺度广义位温垂直梯度的耦合作用。第4、5动力尺度西南扰动气流为台风暴雨提供充足的水汽供应,在台风环流西北侧产生低层辐合、中高层辐散,为强对流系统的发生提供有利动力条件。第3、4热力尺度的广义位温扰动一方面增加降水区大气湿斜压性,另一方面在降水区低层形成位势不稳定,为强对流的发展提供潜在不稳定能量。位涡正压项方程强迫项的分析表明,关键尺度位涡正压项通量输送对位涡正压项局地变化有一定贡献,影响位势稳定度的变化。在台风登陆后,关键尺度位涡及位涡正压项通量散度都有所减小,使得垂直涡度和位势稳定度的变化趋缓。     

越冬花椰菜气候适应性研究及灾害防御技术

2002~2004年试验研究结果表明,越冬花椰菜幼苗期适宜温度为15~25℃,最低温度5~7℃,最高温度25~30℃。莲座期适宜温度为4~20℃,最低-1~-3℃,最高21~22℃。花球形成期适宜温度一般为14~21℃,最低8~10℃,最高21~30℃。花椰菜生育期耗水量在767.2~933.5 mm之间,水分利用效率最高,超过950 mm或低于510 mm水分利用效率均显著降低。花椰菜生育期间低温冷害和高温伤害是造成减产和品质降低的主要气象灾害。     

一维渗流引发介质颗粒位移维数的概念模型分析

从Helm的三维固结问题的质量连续性方程出发，通过对一维渗流概念模型分析，定性讨论了非固结含水层的一维储水渗流过程与释水渗流过程中的颗粒位移维数问题，指出颗粒位移的减维概化必须审慎从事，原因在于目前尚缺乏相应的理论支持。这对与抽注地下水有关的地层形变及地质灾害研究具指导意义。