地表基质钻探取样技术方法与应用研究

地表基质取样是开展地表基质层调查必不可少的工作环节,笔者等在浅地表层钻探技术的基础上,结合浅覆盖区矿产勘查、地球化学勘查、区域地质填图、环境调查、工程勘查、考古调查等领域钻探技术应用现状,根据不同地表景观及基质类型条件下的钻探取样需求,梳理了岩石、砾质、土质、泥质等地表基质钻探取样技术要点,研发了电动背包式钻机、Ф60/40mm单管冲击钻进、Ф50mm双管冲击钻进、Ф208mm中空螺旋钻进等取样器具及配套钻进工艺,在北京、内蒙古巴彦淖尔、浙江宁波、西藏那曲等地区开展了野外试验应用,通过获取满足要求的样品,很好的揭示了地层信息及物质组成,进一步在实践中提出了不同种类地表基质钻探取样技术方法,为建立自然资源调查监测体系及地表基质层调查工作提供钻探技术支撑。     

物探与水文地质分析结合在岩溶地区找水定井中的应用——以黔江区罗家坝ZK3井为例

物探与水文地质的有机结合可明显提高岩溶区找水定井的命中率。岩溶区的地形地貌、地质构造以及地层岩性对地下水的富集有着决定性的控制作用,有良好岩性配置的低位向斜槽谷区是岩溶找水工作的首要优选靶区;根据测区地质情况和地形条件、目的任务合理选择物探方法,当工作区具有浅覆盖、地下水大埋深和地层电性差异明显等特点时,音频大地电磁法解译成果更为可靠。文章以黔江罗家坝ZK3井为实例,阐述了水文地质调查与物探工作成果在指导岩溶区找水定井中的具体应用,证实了水文地质调查与物探结合的方式在岩溶地区找水定井中的优越性。      

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗白音图嘎地区航磁在断裂构造解译中的应用

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗白音图嘎地区为浅覆盖区,地表构造形迹难以识别。笔者以最新的高精度航磁资料为依据,论述了区内深大断裂的磁场特征,并对航磁在断裂构造解疑中的应用进行了探讨。根据区内构造磁异常特征,在航磁△T化极垂向一次导数基础上,全区共解译断裂构造15条。构造方向主要为北东、北西方向,其中F1、F2、F3、F4、F7、F8、F9位于白音图嘎幅,岩性主要为宝力高庙组,为基岩出露区,脉岩比较发育,为花岗斑岩脉、正长斑岩脉,地表出露岩脉主要呈北西向,与航磁解译构造较为吻合,经向上延拓后构造不明显,显示底部为同一岩性基底;F5、F14、F15经向上延拓构造变得更加清晰,推断该构造由深部大的构造引起。     

致密砂岩储集层成岩相定量划分及其测井识别方法

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地长8油层组储集层的岩石学、成岩作用类型和强度等特征,本文对该储集层开展了普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜分析等工作。结果显示,在视压实率、视胶结率和视溶蚀率定量计算的基础上,根据成岩作用强度及其组合特征对成岩相分类命名,将储集层划分为强压实强胶结中等溶解、强压实强胶结弱溶解、中等压实中等胶结弱溶解和强压实弱胶结弱溶解4种不同的成岩相,并选取成岩综合系数作为不同成岩相的定量表征参数。选取声波时差、密度等对成岩相响应较灵敏的测井曲线,通过岩心薄片刻度测井的方法建立了视压实率、视胶结率和视溶蚀率的测井定量识别模型,并对池46等井的测井资料进行了处理,以验证模型的准确性。     

Analysis of the structure and propagation of a simulated squall line on 14 June 2009

A squall line on 14 June 2009 in the provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui was well simulated using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model. Based on high resolution spatial and temporal data, a detailed analysis of the structural features and propagation mechanisms of the squall line was conducted. The dynamic and thermodynamic structural characteristics and their causes were analyzed in detail. Unbalanced flows were found to play a key role in initiating gravity waves during the squall line's development. The spread and development of the gravity waves were sustained by convection in the wave-CISK process. The squall line's propagation and development mainly relied on the combined effect of gravity waves at the midlevel and cold outflow along the gust front. New cells were continuously forced by the cold pool outflow and were enhanced and lifted by the intense upward motion. At a particular phase, the new cells merged with the updraft of the gravity waves, leading to an intense updraft that strengthened the squall line.     

浅层钻探技术在山区输电线路勘察中的应用研究

山区输电线路塔位区大多山高坡陡、植被发育、水源匮乏,导致钻探设备搬迁困难、用水不便,严重影响地质钻探工作开展。本文聚焦山区输电线路地质勘察工作需求,开展基于浅层钻探技术的系统性、集成性研究,引入了小口径（?46 mm）绳索取心技术,研制了新型高效的PDC钻头,优化了钻机提钻装置、循环系统、钻井液配方等,并在试验中得到验证。结果表明,无水钻进工艺适用于山区输电线路地质勘察,浅钻绳索取心技术可有效解决孔壁坍塌、钻进效率低等问题,升级后的钻机循环系统可进行钻井液循环钻进,通过优化钻井液配方可将取心率提高到85%以上,解决了山区输电线路地质钻探工作效率低、取心率低等问题。     

康滇古陆东缘筇竹寺组地球化学特征及意义

云南省昭通市昭阳区锌厂沟位于康滇古陆东缘,在剖面测量及样品系统采集分析基础上,建立了该区下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩地球化学剖面,为该区筇竹寺组沉积环境、物源分析提供了定量的地球化学数据。研究结果显示:1）筇竹寺组物源主要来自康滇古陆中元古界东川群、会理群砂泥岩、海相玄武岩,并可能有少许同时代花岗岩,形成于康滇古陆东缘大陆坡或边缘海,自西向东呈康滇古陆—潮坪—浅水陆棚—深水陆棚—水下隆起有序变化,工区位于浅水陆棚相;2）稀土元素δCe值、δEu值及微量元素Mo、V含量、（V）_N/（V+Ni）_N比值、（Cu）_N/（Zn）_N比值反映筇竹寺组底部为深水陆棚环境,上部总体为浅水陆棚沉积环境,局部水体加深为深水陆棚沉积环境。总体上该区以浅水陆棚为优势相,并具酸性还原环境特点;3）微量元素Rb、Ba、Ga、V、Zn、Mo、Cd、Sn、Zr有明显的富集。主量元素（SiO₂）_N/（Al₂O₃）_N比值及微量元素Ba、U含量、Zn-Ni-Co三角图、U/Th比值、Co/Zn比值表明有生物或热水作用的参与。     

Wind tunnel experimental study on shed tunnels to prevent and control blowing snow on highways北大核心CSCD

There is a severe phenomenon of blowing snow by wind in winter in Mayitas area of Xinjiang. Road traffic interruptions and casualties caused by wind and snow disasters often occur. The existing engineering measures can alleviate the problems of low visibility and problems with accumulating snow on pavement caused by wind and snow to a certain extent, but cannot completely eliminate the impact. Aiming at the problem that the blowing snow disaster difficult to be completely cured under strong wind conditions, a shed tunnel engineering treatment scheme is proposed, and a wind tunnel simulation experiment is carried out on the shed tunnel form and snow prevention scheme at the entrance of the tunnel. The wind tunnel experimental section is 8 m long, 1. 3 m horizontally wide and 1 m high. The shed tunnel model is made by 1:60 scale 3D printing method, the snow barrier model is made of wooden strips, and the simulation medium is made of fine sand, refined salt and sawdust. Firstly, three kinds of shed structures, including fully enclosed, overhanging and ventilated, were simulated under the condition of 90° wind direction, and compared with the form of blowing snow stacking. Three parameters for similarity were used:density, particle size and stacking shape. The similarity is determined by weighted Euclidean distance between simulation medium and blowing snow, the similarity of the slump angle of the predecessors is verified, and the most suitable medium for simulating blowing snow is deduced. According to the experimental results, combined with the actual situation of wind blowing and snow disasters in Mayitas, flow field of the closed shed tunnel by a wind direction angle of 30° has been separately conducted with or without protective measures. The results show that when the wind tunnel stacking experiment is used to study the deposition state of blowing snow under non-low temperature conditions, the sawdust has good similarity with the blowing snow in the process of wind and snow movement. A large amount of medium was poured into the ventilated shed during the experiment, which proved that its anti-wind and snow performance was not ideal. By contrast, the closed shed and the overhanging shed have better wind and snow prevention effects. The snow barrier has a good blowing snow inhibition function at the entrance. From the stacking experiment, in the comparison with and without snow barrier, volume of the medium in the shed is very different, which proves that the snow barrier can effectively prevent the blowing snow from entering the shed. Among them, the difference in wind speed inside and outside the shed is obvious, which proves that snow barrier can significantly reduce the wind speed outside the shed and has the function of inhibiting the formation of weak wind areas inside the shed. The study has confirmed that the shed tunnel project with suitable snow barrier layout plan for tunnel entrance protection is an effective means to control wind and snow disasters. For highway traffic in Xinjiang, it is a feasible solution to use shed tunnel engineering to control blowing snow disasters. After dealing with the snow deposition at the entrance of shed tunnel, the shed tunnel engineering form of low-cost environment integration and the vehicle operation safety guarantee measures of long-distance shed tunnel are the problems that need to be solved in the future. © 2022 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines. All rights reserved.     

AMT 在陕西华阳川地区硬岩型铀矿勘查中的应用

在陕西省华阳川硬岩型铀矿勘查区内进行了音频大地电磁测深（AMT）研究工作。研究结果表明,AMT磁场垂向分量Hz在约束构造破碎带产状方面效果明显,AMT能够有效的探测容矿空间—构造破碎带的规模、产状以及两侧岩体的展布,是一种在硬岩型铀矿攻深找盲、外围探测工作中较为有效的技术手段。