A new middle Holocene varve diagram from the river Ångermanalven, northern Sweden: indications for a possible error in the Holocene varve chronology

A new varve diagram from the river Ångermanälven could be correlated to the postglacial varve chronology to between 4903 and 4415 varve years BP. An AMS ¹⁴C measurement on terrestrial macrofossils obtained between 4715 and 4706 varve years BP gave a calibrated age of between 5730 and 5040 calendar years BP. The discrepancy between varve and calender-year age indicates that an error or part of an error in the Swedish varve chronology may be situated between 2000 and 5000 varve years BP.     

Radiocarbon dating of the Goti-Finiglacial boundary of the Swedish Time Scale

While working with the revision of the Swedish Time Scale, based on clay-varve chronology, mollusc shells of Portlandia (Yoldia) arctica were found in the clay at Ekensberg, Stockholm, Sweden, deposited at the beginning of the Finiglacial epoch. The clay-varves have been connected with the revised Swedish Time Scale and the time for deposition is 10,370 clay-varve years cal BP. Shells of bivalves, shell fragments and periostracum have been AMS radiocarbon-dated at the The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala. The 11 radiometric datings are grouped in two assemblages, one between 10,500 and 11,600 BP (shell carbonate) and one between 8200 and 9100 BP (periostracum). These results are compared with the radiocarbon age obtained for a fish skeleton ( Salmo alpinus ) found in varved clay close to Ekensberg during the geological mapping of the area. The age of the fish is 8600 BP, which is in agreement with the periostracum datings. Reservoir effects and calibration of the radiocarbon ages (BP) to sidereal years (cal BP) are discussed.     

坡缕石/聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

坡缕石是一种层链状硅酸盐矿物。具有独特的纳米棒晶结构。是一种很有潜力的一维纳米增强材料。综述了坡缕石／聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展，所涉及的聚合物包括丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、环氧树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)和聚酰胺等。制备方法包括机械共混法、乳液共混共凝法、溶液共混法、熔融复合法和原位聚合法。研究表明。坡缕石纳米棒晶的分散在制备纳米复合材料的过程中非常重要，而超声波分散是目前最经济有效的方法。还简要论述了对甘肃某地坡缕石提纯并应用于丁腈橡胶制备纳米复合材料的研究。最后展望了坡缕石／聚合物纳米复合材料的应用前景。并对以后需要深入研究的方向进行了分析。     

对土压力计算方法的几点改进意见

针对挡土墙土压力计算方面存在的问题，论述了砂性土、粘性土土压力的大小及分布规律，提出了分层计算土压力的方法。     

青藏高原东北缘酒泉盆地的演化特征与宽台山-黑山断裂的性质

宽台山-黑山断裂位于酒泉盆地的北侧，向西与阿尔金走滑断裂相交，其北部为花海-金塔盆地。对酒泉地区白垩纪沉积盆地的研究和对比发现，虽然当时盆地多为断陷盆地，均受东西向伸展构造控制，但宽台山-黑山断裂两侧的盆地具有不同的基底性质和沉积岩石学特征。酒泉盆地、昌马盆地和北祁连褶皱带内的白垩系具有相同的早古生代褶皱基底，并发育有热水喷流沉积和玄武岩夹层，北祁连北缘断裂在白垩纪时尚未开始活动；花海-金塔盆地为前长城系深变质基底，盆地内不发育热水喷流沉积。宽台山-黑山断裂是青藏高原东北缘重要的岩石圈剪切断裂，控制了其南北两侧白垩纪盆地的沉积-构造演化。     

Structural and Geochronological Evidence for Multiple Episodes of Tertiary Deformation along the Ailaoshan-Red River Shear Zone, Southeastern Asia, Since the Paleocene

Structural analyses show that the Ailaoshan-Red River shear zone （ASRRSZ） in Ailao Mountain is composed of three different deformational domains. These domains may represent three episodes of left-lateral slip experienced by the ASRRSZ. The first episode of such deformation occurred throughout the eastern high-grade belt of the ASRRSZ under a transtensional regime and produced L- type tectonites of amphibolite grade. The second episode of left-lateral slip formed high strain zones overprinting the high-grade belt. Its deformational mechanism is similar to simple shear and the deformed rocks are L-S mylonites of greenschist grade. The third episode of left-lateral slip took place chiefly in a western low-grade belt of the ASRRSZ. This deformation occurred in a transpressional regime, formed an overall structure pattern of a sinistral thrust system and produced phyllonites of low-greenschist grade. Geochronological data indicated that the three episodes of left-lateral slip happened before ～58-56 Ma, at least from ～27 Ma to 22 Ma and at ～13-12 Ma respectively. The first episode of slip in the ASRRSZ appeared to correspond to the initial collision of India and Asia at ～60 Ma. The second episode took place almost at the same time as the most intensive compression and uplift in Tibet. The latest event might represent a further eastward material flow in Tibet after ～16-13 Ma. Thus, the ASRRSZ of southeastern Asia probably experienced three main episodes of Tertiary left- lateral slip in the course of intracontinental convergence since the India-Asia collision.     

喜马拉雅碰撞造山过程：变质地质学视角

本文从变质地质学视角出发，介绍了喜马拉雅造山带的研究意义、地质概况和近年来作者在喜马拉雅碰撞造山过程研究中的进展。喜马拉雅造山带是威尔逊旋回中陆陆碰撞造山带的典型代表，从中揭示的大陆碰撞造山过程、规律及效应，可为探索地球从古至今的碰撞造山带演化研究所借鉴。其中，大陆碰撞造山机制的研究是其核心内容。大陆碰撞造山机制存在临界楔和隧道流两种端元模型之争，其分别对造山带核部高级变质岩折返的P T t轨迹和时空演化序列进行了不同的预测。上述争议可通过研究喜马拉雅核部高级变质岩（高喜马拉雅）的P T t轨迹和折返过程来限定，据此可将喜马拉雅碰撞造山过程划分为三个演化阶段。阶段一：60～40 Ma，软碰撞期，造山带地壳加厚至约40 km并发生小规模部分熔融，这些早期地壳加厚记录大多已被剥蚀，零星保存于前陆飞来峰和北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆中；喜马拉雅山从海平面以下抬升至>1000 m。阶段二：40～16 Ma，硬碰撞期，造山带地壳加厚至60～70 km，发生大规模高级变质和深熔作用，高喜马拉雅内部的三个次级岩片沿着“原喜马拉雅逆冲断层”、“高喜马拉雅逆冲断层”、“主中央逆冲断层”顺序式向南挤出，形成了现今喜马拉雅造山带的核部主体，地壳堆叠使喜马拉雅山快速隆升至≥5000 m。阶段三：16～0 Ma，晚碰撞期，造山带山根榴辉岩化发生局部拆沉，但大陆汇聚仍在持续、造山带尚未发生垮塌，小喜马拉雅折返、前陆盆地形成，喜马拉雅山达到和维持现今平均高度~6000 m。因此，喜马拉雅生长过程的一级次序是顺序式向南扩展的，受控于临界楔模型，而隧道流只起次级作用。山根深部热流过程对造山带的地壳结构和地表高程有巨大的改造作用。未来对喜马拉雅造山带的变质地质学研究可能存在以下几个关键科学问题：① 喜马拉雅极端变质作用与重大碰撞造山事件的关联；② 喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿与接触变质作用的关联；③ 喜马拉雅变质脱碳作用与大陆碰撞带深部碳循环和通量。     

一次飑线过程对流稳定度演变的诊断分析

针对2016年5月2日发生在华东地区的一次飑线过程,利用WRF模式进行高分辨率数值模拟。在成功模拟飑线发生、加强和移动的基础上,对此次过程中对流不稳定特征以及引起对流稳定度变化的原因进行诊断分析。结果表明:（1）在降水发生前,低层大气表现为对流不稳定;降水发生后,对流不稳定能量得到释放,大气趋于稳定。为了分析引起对流稳定度变化的原因,推导了局地直角坐标系中相当位温垂直梯度的倾向方程,其中位势散度是引起位势稳定度局地变化的主要强迫项。在弱降水区,低层位势散度为负值,有利于增强位势不稳定;强降水区及其前沿为位势散度正值区,倾向于抑制位势不稳定。在强降水区低层,位势散度的主要分量为垂直风切变项,代表垂直风切变和大气湿斜压性的综合作用;高层的主要分量为散度项,代表水平散度和位势稳定度的耦合作用。（2）位势散度能综合表征降水区上空垂直风切变、大气湿斜压性、水平辐合辐散和大气位势稳定度变化等特征,因而与降水联系紧密。本文利用位势散度对飑线降水进行预报,结果表明,位势散度与小时观测降水在时间和空间上吻合较好,对降水区有一定的指示意义,可以为飑线降水业务预报提供参考。     

Analysis of Pseudomomentum Wave-Activity Density in a Heavy Rainfall Event in East China

Taking into account moisture in virtue of general potential temperature,the author derive a three-dimensional(3D) pseudomomentum wave-activity relation for the moist atmosphere from the primitive equations in Cartesian coordinates using the Momentum-Casimir method.Since the wave-activity relation is constructed in an ageostrophic and non-hydrostatic dynamical framework,it may be applicable to diagnosing the evolution and propagation of mesoscale systems leading to heavy rainfall.The theoretical analysis shows that,besides the local change of wave-activity flux divergence and source or sink,the wave-activity relation includes two additional forcing terms.The first is the zonal gradient of difference between general potential temperature and potential temperature perturbations,and the second is the covariance of the solenoid and gradient of water vapor,denoting the direct influence of moisture on wave-activity density.The wave-activity density was applied to a heavy precipitation event occurring in the Jianghuai region of China.The calculation showed that the wave-activity density was consistent with 6-h accumulated precipitation observations,in terms of both spatial distribution and temporal tendency.This suggested that the disturbance represented by wave-activity density was closely related to the heavy precipitation.Although the wave-activity flux divergence and the covariance of the solenoid and gradient of water vapor made the primary contribution to the local change of wave-activity density,the covariance was more remarkable.The zonal gradient of difference between general potential temperature and potential temperature perturbations made a weaker contribution to the waveactivity density.     

高浓硫酸盐溶液中氯离子汞量法的改进

结合标准加入法,对高浓硫酸盐样品中低浓度氯离子测定的经典汞量法进行了改进。实验证实,改进后的汞量法能更好地用于高浓硫酸盐样品中低浓度的氯离子定量测定,具有终点颜色突变明显,测定结果准确可靠,实验操作十分简便,有利于节约实验时间和成本等优点。