A high-resolution Holocene diatom record on the North Icelandic shelf

A high-resolution diatom record from core MD99-2275 reveals a series of palaeoceanographic changes on the North Icelandic shelf since about 9000 cal. yr BP. The influence of relatively warm high-salinity Atlantic water-masses of the IC was strong in the study area during the Holocene Climate Optimum (8760 (base of record) to c . 5300 cal. yr BP) and peaked between c . 8000 and 7000 cal. yr BP. There is a general cooling trend from c . 7000 cal. yr BP to the present, which is indicated by an increase in the influence of cold Polar water-masses from the EGC and the EIC and a decrease in the influence of the IC. A major change in diatom assemblages at around 5300 cal. yr BP indicates a palaeoceanographic shift on the North Icelandic shelf in the mid-Holocene. In addition, several abrupt palaeoceanographic changes are distinguished. Enhanced influence of Polar waters is reflected during the intervals 8120–8000, 6650–6100, 4300–4100, 3000–2700, 1300–1100 and 600–200 cal. yr BP. The palaeoceanographic indication of the diatom record of core MD99-2275 is consistent with the indication of other environmental parameters from the same core, such as benthic and planktonic foraminifera as well as magnetic properties, and the results are also consistent with palaeoclimatic records from adjacent areas around Iceland and in the North Atlantic region.     

Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System S48 to Exploitation

The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a crossformational flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal flows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI^- and K^＋＋Na^＋, is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified： （1） residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, （2） residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and （3） interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System S48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Br^- concentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enri     

Quantitative data about active tectonics and possible locations of strong earthquakes in the future in the northwestern Beijing

Introduction Northwestern Beijing covers the mountainous area from 114~116.5E and 39~41N, which is located at the joint place of the basically E-W trending Yanshan, the NE to NNE-trending Shanxi and the NW-trending ZhangjiakouPenglai active tectonic belts (regions). The long history of development and evolution in tectonics have formed the features of basin-range tectonics and multi-sets of fault systems with different ranges. Generally, they can be divided as NNE-NE, NNW-NW and appr…     

海南岛第四纪玄武岩风化壳中次生矿物转变与时间的关系

本文采用X射线分析法,从分析风化壳中的次生矿物入手,研究了海南岛北部不同地质年龄的第四纪玄武岩风化壳中次生矿物增长数量与风化时间的关系。两者关系的回归方程为Y=4.1898 207.30t,其中Y为次生矿物的含量(g/cm~2),t为风化时间(Ma)。相关系数γ=0.9977。每0.01Ma次生矿物平均增长2.2164g/cm~2。     

海水模式种青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)的胚胎发育观察

海水青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)作为一种新兴的海洋模式生物,可应用于海洋生态毒理学的研究。鱼类发育的早期阶段对污染物最为敏感,海水青鳉鱼胚胎毒性分析已成为毒理学研究的重要方法,但是目前尚未见有关海水青鳉胚胎发育的有关报道,因此本研究对海水青鳉鱼的繁殖习性和胚胎发育过程进行了详细观察。利用体视显微镜对海水青鳉的早期胚胎发育过程的形态特征进行了连续的实验观察,并描述了各个发育时期的特征。在水温(26±0.5)°C的条件下,海水青鳉鱼受精卵历时220h 30min孵化出膜。胚胎发育过程分为受精卵激活阶段、受精卵胚盘形成阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚阶段、器官形成阶段、孵化出膜阶段8个阶段,共分为33个时期。     

北京市重要地质遗迹资源保护规划探讨

北京素有中国地质工作摇篮之称,在几亿年的地质演变长河中,受不同时期的地质作用,形成了形态多样、类型独特的地质奇观。众所周知,地质遗迹是不可再生资源,合理的规划、利用和保护能为地质科研教学、旅游资源可持续发展做出贡献。为遏制地质遗迹破坏的趋势,建议制定北京市地质遗迹保护规划,并分期实施,近期对区内已遭严重破坏的地质遗迹进行抢救性保护,初步探讨北京地质遗迹保护方案。     

北伊里安盆地北缘海底滑坡特征及成因研究

北伊里安盆地位于澳大利亚板块与太平洋板块的汇聚挤压边缘,自晚白垩世开始,澳大利亚板块不断向北移动,与太平洋板块发生多次挤压碰撞,形成了构造活动复杂区域,由此为盆地北缘海底形成广泛滑坡提供基础。通过分析盆地北部高精度的二维地震资料,对海底滑坡特征进行了详细刻画,识别出海底滑坡的3个构造单元：头部、体部和趾部,不同部位都具有其典型的地震特征。该区域海底滑坡广泛发育,分为陆坡/陆架滑坡、水道壁滑坡、峡谷滑坡和块体流沉积4种类型。结合该盆地的区域地质背景,认为板块之间的俯冲碰撞等构造运动对海底滑坡起了主要控制作用,在海底地形坡度作为内因和沉积物供给速率、海平面变化、地震活动等外界因素的共同作用下诱发海底滑坡。     

A Three-dimensional Wave Activity Flux of Inertia–Gravity Waves and Its Application to a Rainstorm Event

A three-dimensional transformed Eulerian-mean(3D TEM) equation under a non-hydrostatic and non-geostrophic assumption is deduced in this study. The vertical component of the 3D wave activity flux deduced here is the primary difference from previous studies, which is suitable to mesoscale systems. Using the 3D TEM equation, the energy propagation of the inertia–gravity waves and how the generation and dissipation of the inertia–gravity waves drive the mean flow can be examined. During the mature stage of a heavy precipitation event, the maximum of the Eliassen–Palm(EP) flux divergence is primarily concentrated at the height of 10–14 km, where the energy of the inertia–gravity waves propagates forward(eastward) and upward. Examining the contribution of each term of the 3D TEM equation shows that the EP flux divergence is the primary contributor to the mean flow tendency. The EP flux divergence decelerates the zonal wind above and below the high-level jet at the height of 10 km and 15 km, and accelerates the high-level jet at the height of 12–14 km. This structure enhances the vertical wind shear of the environment and promotes the development of the rainstorm.