关于波罗的海沿岸各国高程基准的统一问题

波罗的海周围有９个国家：丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、德国、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、俄罗斯和瑞典。在精密水准测量中，它们根据自自的惯例，有的采用正高系统，有的采用正常高系统。     

Permeability profiles in granular aquifers using flowmeters in direct-push wells

Numerical hydrogeological models should ideally be based on the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity (K), a property rarely defined on the basis of sufficient data due to the lack of efficient characterization methods. Electromagnetic borehole flowmeter measurements during pumping in uncased wells can effectively provide a continuous vertical distribution of K in consolidated rocks. However, relatively few studies have used the flowmeter in screened wells penetrating unconsolidated aquifers, and tests conducted in gravel-packed wells have shown that flowmeter data may yield misleading results. This paper describes the practical application of flowmeter profiles in direct-push wells to measure K and delineate hydrofacies in heterogeneous unconsolidated aquifers having low-to-moderate K (10(-6) to 10(-4) m/s). The effect of direct-push well installation on K measurements in unconsolidated deposits is first assessed based on the previous work indicating that such installations minimize disturbance to the aquifer fabric. The installation and development of long-screen wells are then used in a case study validating K profiles from flowmeter tests at high-resolution intervals (15 cm) with K profiles derived from multilevel slug tests between packers at identical intervals. For 119 intervals tested in five different wells, the difference in log K values obtained from the two methods is consistently below 10%. Finally, a graphical approach to the interpretation of flowmeter profiles is proposed to delineate intervals corresponding to distinct hydrofacies, thus providing a method whereby both the scale and magnitude of K contrasts in heterogeneous unconsolidated aquifers may be represented.     

PROGRAM FOR PROCESSING OF HISTORICAL LABORATORY DATA BASED ON FUZZY SET THEORY AS A TOOL FOR DECISION SUPPORT

A computer program(FEA)is presented for processing historical laboratory data.It performs on a list ofsample entries stored in a laboratory information management system.Using an algorithm which is basedon fuzzy set theory,FEA classifies the entries into a limited number of clusters called sample types.Theclassification is fully user-defined.The program transforms the historical data into a representation whichis more suitable for studying the performance of the laboratory or which can be used as preparation for asimulation project.     

美国亚利桑那北部矿化角砾岩筒地球化学勘探

亚利桑那州北部一些峡谷和高原上分布有数千个溶蚀塌陷角砾岩筒,其中,80％以上为铀或铜矿化岩筒。尽管目前核原料市场萧条,但由于部分岩筒中铀矿石品位很高,而且还伴生有Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Co和Ni等达到综合利用的金属,因而,角砾岩筒铀矿床的开采和勘探活动仍然是一派繁荣景象。亚利桑那北部的广大地区均是由未受切割的高原组成。由于矿山开采在靠近高原的地方要比峡谷地区容易得多,因而寻找高原地区的岩筒就显得更为重要。岩筒规模较小,一般直径不到600英尺(20米),而且在高原上露头很少,这给勘探带来了一定的困难。角砾岩筒一般均延伸到密西西比红墙灰岩中,在高原上,岩筒有时会以环状地貌形式出露于地表。遗憾的是,那些延伸到二迭系凯伯布灰岩和托勒威普组岩石中的无矿近地表塌陷地貌在地表也表现出同样的特点。因此,在进行铀矿化岩筒勘探时,区别这两类环状地貌就成了关键。在上述这两种塌陷地貌中,目前已进行了各种地球化学地球物理勘探方法的试验。由于矿床规模小,以及在上覆岩层中地球化学标记显示不清楚,所以在应用水文地球化学和水系沉积物等许多踏勘地球化学测量方法勘探矿化角砾岩筒时,效果都不佳。在通过航空照片分析和其后的野外填图确定的一些塌陷地貌上,试验了几种详细地球化学测量方法。结果表明,应用这些方法可以将塌陷地貌与周围围岩区别开来: (1)岩石地球化学特点与矿化角砾岩筒相比,通常显示较低的Ag、As、Ba、Co、Cu、Ni、Pb、Se和Zn异常。 (2)土壤测量可能是用于区别角砾岩筒与周围地层的一种最好的方法。虽然土壤中大多数异常元素的含量仅为本底值的两倍,但是在塌陷地貌上布置的采样线采样分析结果表明:与塌陷外面相比,在塌陷内部,异常元素表现一致富集特点。 (3)在一已知矿化岩筒上进行的蜡样芽孢杆菌生物测量结果表明,环状断裂内样品中的含量要比角砾岩筒外的样品高得多。 (4)土壤氦气测量在7个塌陷地貌上进行了试验,但有5个塌陷的测量结果不令人满意。地球物理测量,如脉冲计数声频磁大地电流和大地电流场剖面数据表明矿化岩筒与岩筒周围地层之间存在特征性的传导率差别。应用这些地球物理方法再结合地球化学测量方法对由航空照片分析和野外填图确定的塌陷地貌进行详细研究,对以后如何选择岩筒进行钻探是十分有意义的。     

ESTIMATE OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE FIELDS IN CHINA BY CLIMATE-BASED NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY

1INTRODUCTIONIrrigated ricefieldsarecharacterizedbylargespatialandtemporalvariationsin CH4 emissiontotheatmo-sphere.Accordingly,thereisagreatuncertaintyintheestimate ofCH4 emissionsfromricefields.GreateffortshavebeenmadetoestimatetheCH4 emissionsfromricefieldsandseveralapproacheshavebeendeveloped.TherepresentativemethodsincludetheIPCC(Inter-governmentPanelofClimateChange)region-specificemissionfactormethodandthemodelcalculationmethod.Toimprovethecalculationaccuracy,theIPCCmethodreq…     

雅鲁藏布中新生代深水沉积盆地形成和演化(Ⅰ)——喜马拉雅造山带沉积特征及演化

通过对喜马拉雅三叠纪到第三纪区域沉积特征分析,阐明了雅鲁藏布喜马拉雅特提斯造山带从裂谷—被动大陆边缘—前陆盆地的沉积盆地演化史。随着以雅鲁藏布带为代表的喜马拉雅特提斯打开,三叠纪到早侏罗世为特提斯早期裂开的大陆边缘裂谷盆地。早期裂谷中心部位不是现在大陆缝合线的雅鲁藏布一带,而在低分水岭带。晚侏罗世到早白垩世,雅鲁藏布江南测为典型被动大陆边缘,其沉积盆地沉降、海平面变化与沉积作用相吻合。晚白垩世到第三纪为前陆盆地演化阶段,从沉积作用可以识别出晚白垩世晚期为造山第一暮,第三纪初为第二幕。     

极光亚暴期间的南极中山站地磁共轭点位置研究

通过对北极斯瓦尔巴特( Svalbard )岛Longyearbyen台站的 极光扫描光度计和地磁 观测数据在地磁亚暴膨胀相期间的对比分析,发现扫描光度计记录中的极光边缘的快速极向 运动和地磁数据x分量的陡峭负弯之间有着良好的对应关系,地磁数据可用来研究两极 高纬 地区极光亚暴的地磁共轭特征. 对南极中山站、挪威Troms Svalbard台链和东格陵兰岛 地 区共15个地磁台站在7个典型极光亚暴事件中的地磁数据进行对比分析后发现, 中山站的地 磁共轭点位置存在明显的漂移特征,漂移的范围在斯瓦尔巴特岛与东格陵兰岛之间,纬度值 与CGM模型值近似.     

南非陆相二叠系-三叠系界线研究进展

从岩石地层研究着手,介绍了南非卡鲁盆地内综合地层研究的相关成果.在生物地层方面,脊椎动物和植物化石的研究在该区具有传统优势,孢粉化石的研究则是在最近几年才取得较大进展,在陆相界线地层研究中菌孢化石在二叠系-三叠系界线处约1 m厚的地层内的富集事件属首次报道.在地球化学地层方面,南非有机碳同位素在二叠系-三叠系界线附近的变化趋势与海相二叠系-三叠系界线地层存在相似的对应关系,可以作为海、陆相界线地层对比的辅助标志.在磁性地层方面,南非卡鲁盆地内的磁极性存在从反向到正向然后再反转(R-N-R)的变化,二叠系-三叠系界线则位于第一反向极性带的顶部.同时,结合目前全球陆相二叠系-三叠系界线的研究现状及特点,分析了陆相界线地层研究中存在的基本问题,指出华南地区可能为突破传统观念的研究地区,陆地事件地层研究意义重大.     

泰国东北呵叻府苏拉娜里地区新生代硅化木及其古环境意义

摘要: 泰国东北部新生代硅化木十分丰富且保存完好。经对23 件木化石标本研究,已鉴定出真双子叶植物6 科7 属约13 种,包括Canarium sp． ( Burseraceae) ; Terminalia sp． vel Combretum sp． ,Terminalia sp． ( Combretaceae) ; cf． Irvingia sp． ( Irvingiaceae) ; Cynometroxylon holdeni,Cynometroxylon sp． ,cf． Cynometroxylon spp． ,cf． Millettia spp． ( Leguminosae) ; Careya spp. ( Lecythidaceae) ; Azadirachta sp． ( Meliaceae) ; 以及其他4 个分类群( 分类位置待定) 。这些高度分化的古植物群显示出与泰国东北部现存的混合落叶林、干旱阔叶林和干旱常绿林非常相似的特征,反映了该地区当时的古气候是近于湿润的热带疏林草原气候( 热带干湿气候) 。     

Distribution and controlling factors of phytoplankton assemblages in a semi-enclosed bay during spring and summer

The phytoplankton assemblages' patterns and their correlation to environmental factors were studied in Bohai Bay during spring and summer. Two zones, the northern (NWA) and southern (SWA) water area, were identified by cluster analysis based on their physical and chemical properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that more phytoplankton species was found in the SWA with low nutrient concentration, while high phytoplankton abundance occurred in the NWA with high nutrient concentration. The seasonal variability in phytoplankton can be explained by water temperature, nutrient, and hydrodynamic conditions (includes mixing during spring and stratification during summer). Results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that silicate (SiO(4)) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were the most important environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton distribution during spring and summer, respectively. Hydrodynamics condition plays a key role in controlling variation of the environmental factors, which determined phytoplankton distribution in Bohai Bay.