渤海海洋油气资源开发利用与前景展望

在海洋经济产业构成中,海洋油气开发是新兴海洋产业。在渤海海洋经济构成中,海洋油气占渤海海洋经济比重的8.5%,占渤海新兴海洋产业构成的19.4%。渤海海洋油气资源的开发利用,不但能缓解我国油气安全问题,同时也为经济快速增长的渤海经济区的发展提供物质基础。一、渤海丰富的油气资源1. 油气资源总量渤海沉积盆地的生油凹陷面积大,有效勘探面积为5.3万km2,其中仅新生界生油岩层就厚达3 200 m,生油岩体约2.4万km3。2000年提出的预测资源量是97亿t。2. 已形成了油田产业群渤海在200万年以前,形成了蕴藏丰富油气资源的渤海沉积盆地。在渤海海…     

Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase activity in several zooplanktonic crustaceans

Zooplankton are an essential component of the marine and estuarine food chains. The ecotoxicological risk to zooplanktonic communities, estimated through the use of the biomarkers, can be used as an early warning signal of a potential alteration of the ecosystem health. The aim of this project was to evaluate the potential use of several biomarkers (esterases, mixed function oxidases, porphyrins) in zooplanktonic organisms. The acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was determined in homogenates of whole organisms of 10 different zooplanktonic crustaceans. Mean activity of AChE was 10.05 micromol/min/g for Acartia margalefi; 3.30 for Acartia latisetosa; 79.70 for Siriella clausi; 49.97 for Diamysis bahirensis; 7.48 for Siriella armata; 14.20 for Mysidopsis gibbosa; 4.49 for Euphausia crystallorophias; 1.66 for Euphausia superba; 2.74 for Streetsia challengeri; 13.26 for Meganycthiphanes norvegica. The species moreover showed a linear increase in enzyme activity in relation to the increase in sample concentration. The key result of this study concerns the different AChE activity basal values of the crustaceans' different species.     

An aromatase inhibitor and tamoxifen decrease plasma levels of o,p'-DDT and its metabolites in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The objective of this study was to determine if tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor (4-hydroxyandrostenedione; 4-OHA) affected plasma concentrations of o,p' -DDT and its metabolites, o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDE, in mature tilapia. Male and female tilapia were injected 6 times intraperitoneally with o,p'-DDT (40 mg/kg) alone or in combination with 4-OHA (2 mg/kg) over a 12 day period. An additional group of male fish was injected with tamoxifen (5 mg/kg) plus o,p'-DDT. At the end of the treatment period, plasma samples were extracted and analyzed by GC/ECD. Females injected only with o,p'-DDT had significantly higher levels of o,p'-DDT compared with males. Interestingly, females and males treated concomitantly with o,p'-DDT and 4-OHA or tamoxifen had significantly lower concentrations of plasma o,p'-DDT (about 50%) compared with fish treated with only o,p'-DDT. These initial results suggest that an interaction between endocrine-active compounds occurs in vivo in tilapia and may involve alterations in metabolism of o,p'-DDT.     

东海放射虫甘葡萄虫科的一新属及其两新种

1958-1961年在东海陆棚区进行放射虫的调查研究时,发现甘葡萄虫科(Glycobotrydidae)的一新属及其两新种。     

Development of two novel CYP-antibodies and their use in a PCB exposure experiment with Mytilus edulis

In an attempt to learn more about the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system of mussels, we used protein databases and alignment software to extract highly conserved CYP sequences. From these alignments synthetic peptides were produced and used for rabbit immunisation, which yielded polyclonal antibodies against the CYP families 2 and 4. The antibodies were evaluated with Western Blot and ELISA assays, using digestive gland microsomal samples from the mussel Mytilus edulis. Western Blots revealed immunoreactions for both antibodies. The anti-CYP2 sequence rendered one major immunopositive protein of approximately 49 kDa size, and weak signals for proteins of approximately 41 and 56 kDa size. The anti-CYP4 sequence rendered two major bands of approximately 56 and 59 kDa size, and also a weak immunoreaction with a protein of approximately 43 kDa size. ELISA rendered only weak signals even with a 1:50 dilution of IgG-purified serum. A 10-day exposure to Aroclor 1254 did not appear to affect any of the immunopositive proteins, while total PCBs in soft bodies increased from 14-40 ng/g DW in controls to 373-638 ng/g DW in exposed mussels.     

海南岛崖州湾西部近海沉积环境特征

本文利用三亚赛德电厂工程可行性研究在崖州湾西部角头鼻附近海区所采集的地质资料，对该区的地貌、沉积物和沉积环境特征进行了论述。     

关于海面反照率的初步探讨

本文根据实测资料,分析了海面反照率随太阳天顶角的变化规律,推导出了反照率的一般表达式A_E=(Acosz+βA_Ed)/(cosz+β),讨论了日光情况为⊙2且天空少云条件下的海面反照率.取β=0.5时,得 A_Ed=0.042e0.018z(1-cosz)+0.052,由此得出该条件下的海面反照率的经验公式.利用该公式求出在太阳直射的纬度上,海面反照率全天平均为0.093,并可根据天文参数求出其他纬度带海面反照率全天平均值.讨论了日光情况为⊙的条件下的海面反照率,求出其全天平均值为0.082.讨论了日光情况为⊙°、Π条件下的海面反照率,求得其全天平均值0.068.这个数值适用于任何纬度的海域.     

广东核电站港内泊稳条件数值计算

广东核电站位于大亚湾,防波堤口门处台风期设计波高H_(1/10)达6.7m,而泵房前进水口允许波高H_(1/3)仅0.3m。为此,在进水口前布置了东、西导堤加以掩护,形成二次绕射,以满足进水口的泊稳要求,同时,港内边界由全反射的重力式码头和部分反射的斜坡式防波堤、导堤及护岸等组成。所以,本文建立了具有任意反射率复杂边界的多港湾波浪绕射的数学模型。数值计算结果与相同条件下的物理模型试验结果吻合良好。     

适用于浅水区的高效率气枪震源

最近研制成功了一种适用于浅水地区进行地震勘探的高效率气枪震源.它采用直接把枪体插入泥底进行激发的工作方式,在设计上又采用了双气室联合激发的结构形式.因此,这种气枪在引爆后能充分释放高压空气,并在较大的面积上直接冲击气枪周围的泥层介质而激发强烈的地震波.这个气枪的两个气室的容积为1.5和3升,高压空气的压强为150公斤/厘米~2.测量表明:气枪在泥层中激发的地震波幅度高达20巴/米(峰-峰值);地震波的波形是单一的阻尼振荡波,没有二次以上的脉动波出现;地震波的能量谱集中在15-75赫之间,