长江经济带省域物流效率及时空演化研究

基于2007~2017年长江经济带物流行业发展数据,采用DEA模型、ArcGIS和空间自相关分析方法,测算长江经济带11个省市的物流效率值及时空演化规律。结果表明:2007~2017年长江经济带物流效率波动平缓,综合技术效率平均值为0.830,纯技术效率整体大于规模效率,下游地区的物流综合技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均大于中游和上游地区。空间上,长江经济带物流效率高值区主要分布在整个下游地区和中游部分地区,低值区则多为上游地区,整体呈“块状”分布。空间关联性上,2007~2017年,Global Moran's I显著为正,长江经济带各省市物流效率呈现空间正相关性,物流效率相近的省市在空间上集聚分布。最后,为促进长江经济带物流行业区域协调发展,提出如下建议:不断促进产业转型升级;加强区域合作,完善基础设施建设;加大内陆地区对外开放力度和建立大型的物流园区。     

Uber,Public Transit,and Urban Transportation Equity: A Case Study in New York City

With the explosive growth of Uber and other mobility service providers, their influences on urban mobility have attracted attention from both researchers and policy circles alike, yet few quantitative studies have been conducted on the topic. Using Uber pickup data in New York City in 2014, this article investigates the spatiotemporal relationship between Uber and public transit using buffer analysis and spatial cross-correlation analysis and assesses Uber’s impact on urban transportation equity with the Gini coefficient and correlation analysis. Our results confirm previous arguments that Uber both complements and competes with public transit, but competition is more prevalent in New York City. Specifically, Uber competes with public transit during most hours of the day and in areas with good public transit coverage, whereas it complements public transit at midnight and in places with insufficient public transit services. The distribution of Uber services is highly unequal, and Uber’s role in improving transport equity is insignificant. Correlation analysis shows that there tend to be fewer Uber pickups in low-income areas, which diverges from previous studies suggesting that Uber serves low-income areas well. In addition, a weak negative correlation is detected between the number of Uber pickups and the percentage of minorities.     

Spatially-resolved stellar population properties of the M51–NGC 5195 system from multi-wavelength photometric data

Using multi-band photometric images of M51 and its companion NGC 5195 from ultraviolet to optical and infrared,we investigate spatially resolved stellar population properties of this interacting system with stellar population synthesis models.The observed infrared excess(IRX)is used to constrain dust extinction.Stellar mass is also inferred from the model fitting.By fitting observed spectral energy distributions(SEDs)with synthetical ones,we derive two-dimensional distributions of stellar age,metallicity,dust extinction and stellar mass.In M51,two grand-designed spiral arms extending from the bulge show young age,rich metallicity and abundant dust.The inter-arm regions are filled with older,metalpoorer and less dusty stellar populations.Except for the spiral arm extending from M51 into NGC 5195,the stellar population properties of NGC 5195 are quite featureless.NGC 5195 is much older than M51,and its core is very dusty with AV up to 1.67 mag and dense in stellar mass surface density.The close encounters might drive the dust in the spiral arm of M51 into the center of NGC 5195.     

浅钻孔安装应变仪的试验

钻孔应变仪探头与钻孔用膨胀水泥固封,探头损坏后钻孔不能再使用,这样给监测工作造成了很大的经济损失.如何充分利用台站山洞资源,进行浅钻孔应变仪的安装,是值得研究的课题.在井深1.96m的浅钻孔内安装形应变仪的试验取得了很好的结果,经与徐州地震台山洞内的体应变、振弦仪和伸缩仪同期观测资料的对比,发现仪器安装在山洞里,采用电瓶供电方法,可以大大减少或避免雷害的影响.     

含量—面积分形方法在确定湘西北龙山地区Hg元素异常下限中的运用

元素的地球化学含量异常下限值的确定方法众多,传统的统计学方法是以样品数据呈正态分布或者对数正态分布为假设前提,通过统计学参数对异常进行筛选和评价。已有研究表明,地球化学景观可能是具有低维吸引子的混沌系统,元素的地球化学背景值和异常具有各自独立的幂指数关系,是一种多重分形分布。依据元素的分形分布规律,可运用分形方法来计算元素的异常下限。本文以湖南龙山县地区Hg元素化探数据为基础,使用含量—面积分形方法确定了Hg元素异常下限值,并与传统计算方法所得的结果作了对比,证明了分形方法在计算非正态分布元素的异常下限值方面存在优势,不受元素极值数据的影响,并能有效减少人为干预,在实践工作中具有可行性。     

桂江流域岩溶碳汇特征

为研究岩溶区碳汇动态变化特征,使用德国Merck公司生产的碱度计每月定期对桂江流域14个岩溶大泉和16条地下河出口水中HCO3-含量进行了现场测定。结果表明桂江流域枯水期(11月至次年2月)地下水中HCO3-含量平均为223.62mg/L,平水期(3月、9月)为222.11mg/L,丰水期(4月至8月)为210.19mg/L,枯水期和平水期的HCO3-平均含量比丰水期高13.43mg/L和11.92mg/L。尽管丰水期的HCO3-平均含量不及枯水期和平水期,但其平均流量最大,是平水期的2倍,枯水期的2.8倍,因此其岩溶碳汇量也最大,是平水期的4.7倍,是枯水期的2.7倍。在碳汇构成上,丰水期的岩溶碳汇量占年总碳汇量的63.13%,而平水期和枯水期只分别占年总碳汇量的13.35%和23.51%。      

The Tashisayi nephrite deposit from South Altyn Tagh,Xinjiang,northwest China

The Tashisayi nephrite deposit is located in South Altyn Tagh.in Qiemo County,Xinjiang Province,northwest China.It is a recent discovery in the vast,well-known Kunlun-Altyn nephrite belt distributed along the south of the Tarim Basin,producing more than half of the nephrite from the whole belt in 2017.Field investigations revealed that it is a dolomitic marble-related(D-type)nephrite deposit,but little is known about its age of formation and relationships between the granites and marble.Here we report field investigations,petrography of the neph rite,as well as petrography,geochemistry,geochronology of the zoisite-quartz altered intrusive rock and adjacent granites.An A-type granite is identified with a SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of 926± 7 Ma,suggesting it was emplaced in an extensional tectonic environment at that time.The altered intrusive rock has a cluster of U-Pb zircon age of 433± 10 Ma.with similar trace element features to the A-type granite,suggesting it was formed in an extensional regime at this later time.Nephrite formed because of the metasomatism of dolomite marble by hydrothermal fluids.It is inferred that Ca~(2+) was released from the dolomitic marble by metasomatism forming Ca-rich fluids,which caused alteration of both the intrusive rocks(6.00-8.22 wt.% CaO)and granite(1.76-3.68 wt.% CaO)near the nephrite ore bodies.It is also inferred that Fe2+ from the granite migrated towards the dolomite marble.The fluids gave rise to the formation of Ca-minerals.such as zoisite,in the nephrite and altered intrusive rock,and epidote in the granite.Based on the contact relationships.similarity in hydrothermal processes,and consumption of Ca~(2+),the Tashisayi nephrite is considered to have formed at the same time as the alteration of the intrusive rocks,i.e.～433 Ma.The geochronological similarity(～926 Ma.433 Ma)of South Altyn and North Qaidam may suggest that tectonically they belong to one single complex in the past,which was offset by the Altyn Tagh fault(ATF).The similar formation ages of the nephrites from Altyn Tagh(433 Ma)and the previously studied areas of West Kunlun(378-441 Ma)and East Kunlun(416 Ma)indicate that these nephrites formed during the closure of Proto-Tethys and in the accompanving post-collisional.extensional environment.     

Recent progress of marine geographic information system in China: A review for 2006–2010

In this article,the progress of marine geographic information system(MGIS) in China during 2006?2010 is reviewed with emphases on generic MGIS,advanced MGIS and MGIS-based applications.Generic MGIS can be divided into two categories:data-oriented MGIS and user-oriented MGIS,recent achievements of which by Chinese researchers are summarized respectively.Advanced MGIS mainly involves the establishment of 3D virtual marine environment and ’Digital Ocean’.An overview of the 3D MGIS based simulations in the context of ocean phenomena,ocean engineering and ocean battlefield is also presented.Several sug-gestions for future development of MGIS in China are proposed,and trends of development are addressed.     

Response to selection for fast growth in the second generation of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Mass selection for fast growth was conducted in three Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) stocks from China, Japan and Korea using previously established lines (CS1, JS1, and KS1). To determine whether continuous progress can be achieved by selection for growth, the progeny of three second-generation Pacific oyster lines was selected for shell height and evaluated via a 400-day farming experiment. When harvested at the end of the experiment, the selected crosses of CS2, JS2, and KS2 lines grew by 9.2%, 10.2% and 9.6% larger than the control crosses, respectively. During grow-out stage, the genetic gain of three selected lines was (10.2 ± 1.4)%, (10.4 ± 0.3)%, and (8.4 ± 1.6)%, respectively; and the corresponding realized heritability was 0.457 ± 0.143, 0.312 ± 0.071 and 0.332 ± 0.009, respectively. These results indicated that the selection for fast growth achieved steady progress in the second generation of oyster. Our work provides supportive evidence for the continuity of the Pacific oyster selective breeding program.