Genetic features of gas-condensate reservoirs in the Kekeya Field,southwest depression in the Tarim Basin,China

Oils, condensates and natural gases in the Kekeya Field, southeast depression of the Tarim Basin were studied for their geochemical characteristics. According to the distribution analysis of the C₂/C₃ values with C₁/C₂ values, C₂/C₃ values with C₁/C₃ values, as well as C₂/C₃ values with dryness index, there are two different types of natural gases in the studied field, which are spatially regularly distributed. One is the oil cracking gas, located on shallow reservoirs over X ²₅ reservoir, namely Upper oil legs; the other is kerogen cracking gas, located on X ²₇ reservoirs, X₈ reservoirs and E₂ k reservoirs, namely Lower oil legs. In addition, the distribution patterns of molar concentration of oils and condensates with different carbon numbers of the n-alkanes in the Kekeya Field indicate that the crude oils have experienced several kinds of secondary alterations, which were closely related to the charging of gaseous hydrocarbons after petroleum accumulation. These results indicate that, based on the research of δ ¹³C values of individual hydrocarbons, heptane values and isoheptane values of light hydrocarbons and aromatic maturity parameters for oils, condensates and natural gases, oils and gases were charged at different geological time in the Kekeya Field.

     

Temporal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in a semi-enclosed mariculture pond and their responses to environmental factors

Variations in physical-chemical factors, species composition, abundance and biomass of nano- and micro-phytoplankton assemblages, as well as their responses to environmental factors, were investigated over a complete cycle (6 months) in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao, northern China. The aim was to establish the temporal patterns of phytoplankton communities and to evaluate protists as suitable bioindicators to water quality in mariculture systems. A total of 34 taxa with nine dominant species were identified, belonging to six taxonomic groups (dinoflagellates, diatoms, cryptophyceans, chlorophyceans, euglenophyceans and chrysophyceans). A single peak of protist abundance occurred in October, mainly due to chlorophyceans, diatoms and chrysophyceans. Two biomass peaks in July and October were primarily due to dinoflagellates and diatoms. Temporal patterns of the phytoplankton communities significantly correlated with the changes in nutrients, temperature and pH, especially phosphate, either alone or in combination with NO₃-N and NH₃-N. Species diversity, evenness and richness indices were clearly correlated with water temperature and/or salinity, whereas the biomass/abundance ratio showed a significant correlation with NO₃-N. The results suggest that phytoplankton are potentially useful bioindicators to water quality in semi-enclosed mariculture systems.     

华夏家谱GIS的数据组织与系统架构

华夏文明源远流长,家谱、正史与方志共同构成了中华文明史的三个重要成分,其中,家谱以家族中的个人信息为基本记录单元,以人与人之间的关系为框架,形成了富有中国特色的对家族从空间分布到时间演化的完整描述体系,家谱资料的蕴含信息和记录粒度是其他历史资料所不能比拟的。家谱GIS扩展了现有家谱信息描述的概念,通过强化其中蕴含的空间信息,以家族谱系为基础,在空间信息技术的支持下,重构个人的空间活动,重现一个家族的兴衰、繁衍与变迁,实现从宏观到微观角度家族历史的全面地反映。本文分析了家谱与GIS的关系,提出了家谱GIS构建所必须的统一的历史地理时空描述框架;在此基础上分析了家谱中信息的组织模式,设计了的家谱的核心数据模型;在Web2.0理念下,以公众参与的开放式系统构建为基础,设计了家谱GIS的系统架构并进行了系统实现。     

Blasius方程中临界值的分析估计

证明了流体力学边界层理论中著名的Blasius方程的一个新性质,它在二维平板流的研究中具有重要的作用,由此建立它的积分形式,并给出方程中的临界值βc的分析估计。     

不同土地利用下岩溶水系统水化学日动态强度小波分析

土地利用/覆被变化会使岩溶水系统演化的化学驱动能——土壤CO2量发生变化,进而使得岩溶水系统的水化学日动态变化强度发生变化。小波分析方法可以有效识别岩溶水系统的水化学日动态变化强度,并给出定量化的指标。通过对亚热带季风气候区的贵州省陈旗、灯盏河与板寨岩溶水系统长达2年的水文水化学监测数据进行小波分析,发现有土壤覆盖但土地利用程度较高的岩溶水系统(陈旗和灯盏河),其排泄点水化学指标中CO2分压日动态强度要高于植被覆盖良好但岩石裸露的岩溶水系统(板寨)排泄点,说明岩溶水系统中土壤对水化学日动态强度的调控有着关键的作用。这一发现对于正确理解和评价不同土地利用下的岩溶作用及其碳汇强度差异有着重要的意义。     

分层土中水泥土围护结构抗倾覆验算方法的改进

推导了分层土中水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定系数计算公式,提出了改进的计算方法,研究了土层分层结构对水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定系数的影响。土层上软下硬时,水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定系数分别随着墙体宽度与入土深度的增加而增加。土层上硬下软时,增加墙体宽度对于提高抗倾覆稳定系数具有较好的效果,而增加墙体入土深度对于提高抗倾覆稳定系数作用不大,因为分层土中,水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定性主要依靠下部土体的被动土压力来维持,即抗倾覆稳定性主要受下层土体强度的影响。如将分层土参数按厚度加权平均取值后作为均匀土对待,对上软下硬土层,该方法计算的抗倾覆稳定系数比分层方法得到的小,偏于保守;而对上硬下软土层,该方法计算的抗倾覆稳定系数比分层方法得到的大,存在安全隐患。改进方法与常规计算方法对比表明,其计算结果更为安全合理     

简化接触模型的月壤离散元数值分析

根据月壤其颗粒级配可归类于粉质砂土。针对真实月壤所处的环境（无水、低重力场、低气压等）,将Perko等2001年提出的月壤颗粒间的范德华力植入离散元分析软件PFC2D中,模拟了刚性边界下加入该模型与未加该模型试样的双轴压缩试验,研究了颗粒间范德华力对试样的宏观力学特性与微观颗粒接触的影响。结果表明,颗粒间的范德华力对试样的抗剪强度、体应变以及颗粒平均配位数都有显著的影响     

ESR dating of Pleistocene archaeological localities of the Nihewan Basin,North China – Preliminary results

The well-developed, late Cenozoic Nihewan Beds in northern China are amongst the most famous and well-preserved Quaternary strata in East Asia. The Nihewan Basin is also well-known for its mammalian fossils and stone artifacts, which document early human settlements in high northern latitudes (around 40°N). It is a key geological place to study palaeoenvironments and ancient human activities due to the excellent age-control of the formation by palaeomagnetism. In the present paper, the sediments of two Paleolithic sites were dated using the ESR signals of the titanium center in quartz. In order to check the reliability of our analytical procedures, a reference sample collected near the Brunhes/Matuyama (B/M) boundary at the Donggutuo site was firstly analyzed, yielding an age of 750 ± 88 ka. Then, three samples collected from the Dongpo site were analyzed by the same procedures. Our ESR results indicate that the age of the Dongpo cultural layer ranges between 304 ± 12 ka and 333 ± 23 ka, with an average of approximately 321 ± 15 ka.     

RELIABILITY BASED ANALYSIS ON RESERVOIR INDUCED EARTHQUAKES

Reservoir induced earthquakes (RIE) are caused by impoundment of reservoir,with the characteristics of small magnitude and shallow focal depth,but they can also lead to not only economic loss,but also many serious secondary disasters,such as dam destruction,landslide,producing greater damages far more than the damages directly produced by earthquakes.So study on RIE is quite significant in the field of dam construction,thus more attentions should be paid to RIE.There are many factors to induce reservoir earthquakes,such as geological condition,rock mass mechanical index,state of crustal stress,pore pressure distribution,all of which are extremely difficult to measure due to the presence of many randomness;even if applying most advanced methods to measure them,the values fluctuate in great range,without a certain value in time and space.The great variety of these parameters gives rise to troubles to analyze RIE by deterministic approaches.How to handle the randomness of these factors has become vital problem in the field of RIE research.In this study,based on probability theory,and taking the main influence factors as stochastic variables,a new method to analyze probability of RIE was proposed by applying reliability theory.Firstly,the factors inducing reservoir earthquakes were analyzed,of which pore pressure in fault caused by water impounding of reservoir plays a vital role in triggering earthquakes.Then,taking these factors,including attitude,friction coefficient,cohesion of fault plane,stress state of fault plane and pore pressure in fault,as stochastic variables,performance function of triggering earthquakes was established by applying Coulomb stress on the fault plane,and reliability theory was used to analyze probability of earthquake induced by main factors.A special case analysis showed that:(1) The probability of induced earthquakes dramatically increases as pore pressure in fault increases;under the condition of equal pore pressure at triggering earthquakes area,probability of induced earthquakes obviously rises with enlarging of variation of pore pressure;(2) those faults with strike approximately parallel to horizontal maximum principal stress direction or with steep dip angle about more than 60° are prone to inducing earthquake;(3) as horizontal minimum principal stress increases,which has greater effect on induced earthquakes than horizontal maximum principal stress,probability of induced earthquakes becomes lower and fault keeps in more stable condition;(4) probability of induced earthquakes gradually decreases with the increase of friction coefficient and cohesion of fault plane;However,the effect of friction coefficient on induced earthquakes is much greater than the cohesion of fault plane.