Hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport of a tidal river under influence of wading engineering groups

By taking the Yong River for example in this paper, based on the multiple measured data during 1957 to 2009, the change process of runoff, tide feature, tidal wave, tidal influx and sediment transport are analyzed. Then a mathematical model is used to reveal the influence mechanism on hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport of the wading engineering groups such as a tide gate, a breakwater, reservoirs, bridges and wharves, which were built in different periods. The results showed the hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport of the Yong River changed obviously due to the wading engineering groups. The tide gate induced deformation of the tidal wave, obvious reduction of the tidal influx and weakness of the tidal dynamic, decrease of the sediment yield of flood and ebb tide and channel deposition. The breakwater blocked estuarine entrances, resulting in the change of the tidal current and the reduction of the tidal influx in the estuarine area. The large-scale reservoirs gradually made the decrease of the Yong River runoff. The bridge and wharf groups took up cross-section areas, the cumulative affection of which caused the increase of tidal level in the tidal river.     

Convection in a rotating annulus having sidewalls of height-dependent thermal conductance

Abstract

Thermal convection in a vertically-mounted, rotating annulus of a particular design proposed by Davies and Walin (1977) is investigated. The annulus used in the present study differs from the conventional type in some important aspects: the sidewalls are finitely conducting, and the thermal conductance of the sidewalls is height-dependent. The theoretical model due to Davies and Walin is briefly recounted. The present study aims to verify the theoretical model; we have acquired numerical solutions to the governing Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical results are supportive of the theoretical contentions. The near-linear dependence of the isothermal slope on the parameter D, which is a function of Ω and ΔT, is corroborated within reasonable limits. New data on the vertical and radial structures of the meridional and azimuthal flows are presented. The numerical results also confirm that the shape of the sidewall thickness has a substantial influence on the meridional flow patterns. In the bulk of the interior flow field, the dominant azimuthal flow field and the temperature field are linked by the thermal wind relation.     

Correlation Between Total Lightning Activity and Precipitation Particle Characteristics Observed from 34 Thunderstorms

A total of 34 thunderstorms around Shanghai and Wuhan of China are analyzed in order to determine the relationship between total lightning activity and precipitation particle characteristics.Precipitation particle concentration data are obtained from the 2A12 product of TRMM/TMI(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/TRMM Microwave Image) and lightning activity data are from the TRMM/LIS(Lightning Imaging Sensor) and SAFIR3000(Surveillance et Alerte Founder par Interferometric Radioelectirque).On a spatial ...     

Characterising deep vadose zone water movement and solute transport under typical irrigated cropland in the North China Plain

Understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of soil water movement and solute transport is essential for accurately estimating recharge rates and evaluating the impacts of agricultural activities on groundwater resources. In a thick vadose zone (0–15 m) under irrigated cropland in the piedmont region of the North China Plain, soil water content, matric potential, and solute concentrations were measured. Based on these data, the dynamics of soil water and solutes were analysed to investigate the mechanisms of soil water and solute transport. The study showed that the 0–15‐m vadose zone can be divided into three layers: an infiltration and evaporation layer (0–2 m), an unsteady infiltration layer (2–6 m), and a quasi‐steady infiltration layer (6–15 m). The chloride, nitrate, and sulphate concentrations all showed greater variations in the upper soil layer (0–1 m) compared to values in the deep vadose zone (below 2 m). The average concentrations of these three anions in the deep vadose zone varied insignificantly with depth and approached values of 125, 242, and 116 mg/L. The accumulated chloride, sulphate, and nitrate were 2,179 ± 113, 1,760 ± 383, and 4,074 ± 421 kg/ha, respectively. The soil water potential and solute concentrations indicated that uniform flow and preferential flow both occurred in the deep vadose zone, and uniform flow was the dominant mechanism of soil water movement in this study. The piston‐like flow velocity of solute transport was 1.14 m per year, and the average value of calculated leached nitrate nitrogen was 107 kg/ha?year below the root zone. The results can be used to better understand recharge processes and improve groundwater resources management.     

桃山、诸广复式岩体花岗岩类岩石铀、钍地球化学特征

通过对桃山、诸广复式岩体的深入研究,得出铀、钍元素在本地区花岗岩中具有以下地球化学特征及地球化学行为:1.岩体的铀、钍丰度与岩体外接触带的变质岩铀,钍丰度具同步增长特点;2.铀与硅、钾、钠关系密切,并有随钾增长,及随铀增长二种趋势,而钍则与TiO_2、FeO、MnO关系密切;3.钍在花岗岩中分布型式为正态分布,变异系数较铀小,而铀在花岗岩中分布型式为正态分布及对数正态分布,变异系数略高,显示了铀有某种富集可能;4.铀在花岗岩中地球化学行为,表现有二个富集高峰,既有在结晶早期富集在各类副矿物中的早富集特征,也有随花岗岩形成和演化富集在晚期的晚富集特征。二个富集途径,即随Si、K增高和随Si、Na增高途径。     

灵台-阿木去乎剖面地壳速度结构

在Ⅰ测线观测资料的基础上,本文结合测区特点给出了高程校正及沉积层校正方法,利用反射波与莫霍面折射波运动学特性进行一维、二维地壳结构的正、反演计算,获得了自甘肃夏河至灵台460公里范围内的分层地壳结构,认为西部地壳厚度约51公里,东部仅为44公里,已属鄂尔多斯地台区结构,与地槽区的分界线大致对应地表陇县固关镇。武山与张家川之间在15-20公里深处存在低速层。结合地震波的动力学特性,可判定本测线通过的超壳断层有鄂尔多斯西缘-六盘山断裂、西秦岭北缘断裂和武山南北向断裂。     

延庆、怀来地区地壳深部磁性构造与地震的研究

应用三维磁性层反演理论和方法，对延庆、怀来地区航磁资料进行了数据处理，反演计算了该区磁性基底埋深、居里等温面埋深和视磁化强度分布。揭示了延庆盆地、矾山盆地、怀来盆地、涿鹿盆地等四个相互联通盆地的磁性基底的定量特征。对该区地震发生的深部原因和地壳内不同特性块体与地震的关系进行了探讨；对该区地震分布的特点进行了研究；初步提出了该区地震的危险区划和今后的重点监测区。     

甘肃与邻近地区地震波运动学和动力学特性的某些观测研究及其应用

木文利用永登地区人工地震资料和九条岭、南坪、松潘天然地震资料研究甘肃及其邻近地区地震波特性。结果表明:在甘肃东部与邻近地区地壳中反射纵波的平均速度是6.21公里/秒,σ_v=0.029公里/秒;河西地区为6.32公里/秒,σ_v=0.016公里/秒。人工地震产生的回折纵波的衰减较天然地震横波快得多。在临界反射区以内,人工地震反射纵波的频率基本上保持稳定,反射波振幅与回折波振幅比A_P11/A_P按距离大体分为三段,每一段随距离变化不太明显。观测结果对于本区地震研究、测震分析有一定参考意义,也为观测震前振幅比异常提供了依据。在分析速度分布和振幅衰减的基础上,本文认为甘肃及邻近地区地壳模型可取为单层不均匀介质(沉积层除外),本区西部地壳厚度为54公里,东部为50公里,在局部地区为47公里。为了给今后本区的现测工作积累经验,对野外工作方法和仪器调试作了简要讨论,並编绘f爆破地动速度随宸中距衰减的经验曲线,可供野外工作参考。     

东昆仑南缘西大滩混杂堆积

<正> 西大滩混杂堆积,出露于东昆仑中段南缘,青藏公路的西大滩南侧之煤矿沟(图1)。秦德余、李光岑1976年首次认为是混杂岩,但未做描述。青海区调一队四分队在填图时也注意了这一现象。笔者根据他们提供的线索,对该混杂堆积进行了观察和描述。 根据野外收集的实际资料,笔者认为西大滩混杂堆积是滑塌混杂堆积,它向东、西延伸而为混杂堆积带,依混杂岩块的岩性种类及空间分布关系,由南到北可划分三个混杂堆积层,三层在成因上互有联系。