Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.     

Analysis of types and changes of village-level economy in rural Gongyi city,Henan Province since 1990

Based on the research on the rural living standard in China in terms of annual net income per capita, we define six types of village-level economy, i.e. ＂to be extremely poor＂, ＂to make a basic living＂, ＂to dress warmly and eat one＇s fill＂, ＂to try to enrich （to disengage poverty）＂, ＂to be well-off＂ and ＂to be affluent＂. The data of average annual net income of all the 292 villages between 1990 and 2004 in rural Gongyi City, Henan Province were collected, verified and classified. By using standard deviation, coefficient of variation and regression analysis, it is found that the Gongyi＇s rural economy has boosted up remarkably from the relative-poverty and absolute-poverty stages in 1990 to the well-off in 2004. However, the absolute differences between villages present a trend of enlargement, while the relative differences fluctuating. On the other hand, spatial analysis of village-level economy shows that most villages with relatively high economic development level were located along national expressway and most villages with absolute-poverty lay in remote mountainous areas in 1990. Since the 1990s, the rapid urbanization and industrialization have had strongly positive effects on rural economic growth. Initial economic foundation, natural resources and traditional techniques also contribute to village economy. From the perspective of geography, villages with location advantages, such as near urban center or industrial parks, have more chances for their economic development and the ＂core-periphery＂ economic structure has been presented in the process of rural development.     

基于主动轮廓线模型的配准方法

随着地图修测的迫切需要,如何实现影像与地图的精确配准就成为急需解决的问题。虽然多项式模型的配准方法简单直观,但不能满足高精度地图修测的需要。目前影像与矢量图的配准靠人工实现,不容易准确量测,这越来越成为地图修测中全自动空中三角测量的瓶颈。而主动轮廓线模型通过模板自身的弹性形变,与图像局部特征相匹配达到调和,即某种能量函数极小化,从而实现矢量图与影像的精确配准。因此,提出了一种基于B样条Snake模型分割的高精度配准方法。     

腾格里沙漠西北缘湖泊沉积记录的全新世中期气候环境

通过腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖沉积物粒度、有机碳、碳酸盐、碳氮比和有机质稳定同位素等多项沉积学气候代用指标及精确定年的综合分析,建立了该区域全新世中期9.0~3.0 cal.kaBP的古气候演化序列。结果表明,9~7.8 cal.kaBP期间,区域的水分条件和温度逐渐上升,植被状况好转,此阶段属于全新世早期向全新世暖湿期转变的过程;而在7.8~7.5 cal.kaBP期间出现了显著的百年尺度的干旱事件,沉积物主要以砂质沉积为主,此时湖泊生产力显著下降;全新世期间最为暖湿的气候适宜期出现在7.5~5.0 cal.kaBP;5.0 cal.kaBP以来,该区域出现了较为明显的干旱化趋势。     

文安5.1级地震的一些异常特征

对文安5.1级地震的一些异常进行了分析和总结,认为地震逆时针方向迁移可能是地震空间活动的一个基本特征,其可作为背景异常。震前,地磁交汇法出现的异常,再次显示出该方法对地点预测的最大优势,交汇点附近即是未来震中区。这些异常特征对我们认识地震和预测地震都具有一定意义。     

Understanding the dynamical-microphysical-electrical processes associated with severe thunderstorms over the Beijing metropolitan region

The Dynamical-microphysical-electrical Processes in Severe Thunderstorms and Lightning Hazards(STORM973)project conducted coordinated comprehensive field observations of thunderstorms in the Beijing metropolitan region(BMR)during the warm season from 2014 to 2018.The aim of the project was to understand how dynamical,microphysical and electrical processes interact in severe thunderstorms in the BMR,and how to assimilate lightning data in numerical weather prediction models to improve severe thunderstorm forecasts.The platforms used in the field campaign included the Beijing Lightning Network(BLNET,consisting of 16 stations),2 X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler radars,and 4 laser raindrop spectrometers.The collaboration also made use of the China Meteorological Administration’s mesoscale meteorological observation network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Although diverse thunderstorm types were documented,it was found that squall lines and multicell storms were the two major categories of severe thunderstorms with frequent lightning activity and extreme rainfall or unexpected local short-duration heavy rainfall resulting in inundations in the central urban area,influenced by the terrain and environmental conditions.The flash density maximums were found in eastern Changping District,central and eastern Shunyi District,and the central urban area of Beijing,suggesting that the urban heat island effect has a crucial role in the intensification of thunderstorms over Beijing.In addition,the flash rate associated with super thunderstorms can reach hundreds of flashes per minute in the central city regions.The super(5%of the total),strong(35%),and weak(60%)thunderstorms contributed about 37%,56%,and 7%to the total flashes in the BMR,respectively.Owing to the close connection between lightning activity and the thermodynamic and microphysical characteristics of the thunderstorms,the lightning flash rate can be used as an indicator of severe weather events,such as hail and short-duration heavy rainfall.Lightning data can also be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models to help improve the forecasting of severe convection and precipitation at the cloud-resolved scale,through adjusting or correcting the thermodynamic and microphysical parameters of the model.     

基于FLUENT的海洋内孤立波数值水槽模拟

基于FLUENT商业软件及其二次开发功能,在标准κ-ε湍流模型下,采用VOF方法追踪两层流体内界面,通过给定入口速度和水位的设置造波边界法,建立了可有效模拟弱非线性内孤立渡的分层流数值水槽,并与仿物理的双板造波方法进行了比较.采用设置边界法所造的波形与理论值符合较好,这为数值分析内孤立渡与海洋结构物相互作用问题提供了一条更加有效的途径.     

运用双特异分子探针技术对胶州湾三种硅藻的检测

利用本实验室首创的双特异分子探针技术对胶州湾常见的3种硅藻-旋链角毛藻(Chaeto-ceros curvisetus Cleve)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens(Grunowex Cleve)Halse)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum(Greville)Cleve)进行定性与定量分析。结果表明,无论是对实验室样品还是自然样品进行检测,本技术均有较好的适用性,对3种目标藻的最低检测细胞数分别为4.2×104、9.4×103和6.0×104个细胞。统计分析表明,双特异分子探针技术对3种目标藻的分析结果与经典的显微镜镜检结果没有显著性差异。本技术利用了多孔酶标板进行检测,整个实验过程约7h,可在较短时间内分析大量样品中的多种微藻,为同时监测多种赤潮藻开辟了一条新途径。     

海上复杂卫星断块油田开发实践与认识——以JZ油田东区为例

JZ油田东区是JZ油田的卫星区块,具有典型复杂断块的特征。针对研究区构造复杂、储量风险大及海上开发成本高等特点,运用勘探思维,深入研究油源、疏导体系及储盖组合等成藏条件,明确提出该区的成藏模式,并确定了油田滚动开发的思路。在油田开发的过程中,结合地震、电测及油藏数值模拟等手段,对研究区开展了多轮次的精细地质油藏一体化研究,使油田开发取得了较好的效果。     

临洪河口海域间隙水和沉积物中重金属分布研究

为了研究近岸海域中重金属的分布情况及其潜在迁移趋势,以连云港临洪河口为研究对象,分析了间隙水和沉积物中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Fe,Mn的含量。结果表明,沉积物中金属浓度的分布顺序为:Pb>Zn>As>Cr>Cu>Cd。同种重金属在沉积物中的含量高于间隙水中,表明了该水体中的重金属有从沉积物向上覆水扩散的可能趋势。统计分析结果表明,沉积物中的金属浓度之间发现存在明显的相关性;多数金属与Fe、Mn存在明显的浓度相关性,表明了Fe和Mn在河口系统的金属地球化学循环过程中起重要作用。