历次核试验进入海洋的~(137)Cs对中国近海影响的模拟研究

1945年以来,世界各主要核国家进行了数千次核试验,这些核试验产生的绝大部分放射性物质通过多种途径进入海洋,对海洋环境造成放射性污染。本文建立了一个准全球海洋的放射性物质输运和扩散数值模式,通过数值模拟手段评估了历史核试验释放的放射性物质137 Cs对中国近海海洋环境的影响。本文借助前人工作评估了核试验释放137Cs进入海洋的途径和总量;通过比较模拟结果与观测资料,表明本文建立的放射性物质模式能够较好地模拟出137Cs在中国近海及其邻近海域的分布情况和随时间演变特征;模拟结果表明中国近海里的137Cs浓度在20世纪50年代中期达到最大,其中吕宋海峡海域137Cs浓度最高,达80.99Bq/m3;进一步分析了2011年3月份日本福岛核事故前中国近海137Cs浓度分布状况,2011年整个中国近海137Cs浓度介于1.0~1.6Bq/m3间,且其浓度垂向分布较均匀,相对封闭的南海浓度略高于其他海域。     

Ronge-Kutta法在计算复杂构造区域地震波旅行时中的应用

采用Ronge-Kutta射线追踪法对地震勘探中几个典型地质模型的地震波射线路径和旅行时计算的实例和效果进行分析。将Ronge-Kutta射线追踪模拟的结果与程函方程计算的时距曲线结果进行对比,验证了Ronge-Kutta射线追踪法的易实现性和程函方程有限差分旅行时算法的强稳定性,表明Ronge-Kutta射线追踪法在复杂构造区域进行地震射线路径和旅行时计算时能得到较好的模拟效果。     

基于GIS的"三旧"改造项目动态监控和管理

"三旧"改造是广东省特有的改造模式,也是未来城市可持续发展战略的重要组成部分.为了全面掌握"三旧"改造用地的工作情况,实现对"三旧"改造项目有效地动态监控,项目采用地理信息系统(GIS)、三维可视化、倾斜摄影、云计算等先进技术,构建了"三旧"改造数据库,搭建了"三旧"改造信息管理平台,并阐述平台实现的相关关键技术.实践表明,平台在改造项目批后、改造项目建设进度等方面起到良好的监控和管理作用,实现了"三旧"改造的精细化管理.     

多季相混合像元部分分解特征的不透水面分类

针对利用光谱混合分解提取不透水面特征通常受到端元类型和数量的限制,同时植被变化会影响估计精度的问题,该文提出 了一种综合季相和植被变化信息的不透水面提取框架.基于混合像元部分分解算法——混合调谐匹配滤波(MTMF),设计了多季相组合MTMF(SCMTMF)特征和多季相叠加MTMF(SSMTMF)两种策略,构造了不透水面的多季相MTMF特征,将不透水特征与多季相植被指数结合利用支持向量机实现对不透水面的精确分类.结果表明,利用多季相特征得到的不透水面提取效果相较于单季相有较明显的改善,该文所提出的策略有利于提高不透水面的估计精度.     

东北地区水稻障碍型低温冷害变化对区域气候增暖的响应

利用东北地区153个气象站1961—2010年逐日气温资料,采用统计学方法分析了水稻障碍型低温冷害的气候变化特征及其对区域气候变暖的响应情况。结果表明,东北大部地区水稻障碍型低温冷害事件呈减少趋势,但区域性较为明显;障碍型低温冷害对关键发育期气温变化响应较为敏感,二者呈显著的负相关关系,表现为气温每升高1 ℃,东北地区冷害减少35个站次。东北地区关键发育期气温均呈上升趋势,但吉林西部地区障碍型冷害却随之增加,分析了关键发育期气温变率和气候变率,将其解释为局地障碍型冷害增加主要受气候变率增大的影响,逐日气温变率对其影响不大。     

月表虹湾Hurst指数分析

月球遥感是在登月技术还不完善的情况下,利用遥感数据,通过各种分析来研究月球演化、内部结果和表面特征的方法。粗糙度是地表隆升、沉降、侵蚀和火山喷射物覆盖在行星表面留下的记录,因此对行星表面粗糙度的定量分析可以精确反映其地质演化过程。而Hurst指数则是粗糙度的精确反映。文中利用LOLA制作的DEM,以月球正面虹湾为例,选取水平方向的12条剖面和垂直方向的15条剖面对其各粗糙度参数进行计算,并结合月表成熟度对Hurst指数与底层年龄的相关性进行了分析,得出如下结论:(1)在1km的剖面长度上,虹湾地区均方根高程的平均值在3m左右;在0.2～3km研究尺度范围内,虹湾地区的坡度不超过2°,说明该地表起伏度小。(2)虹湾地区的Hurst指数跨度比较大,尤其在垂直方向(南北)上,在0.4到0.9之间,表明其构造样式丰富。(3)在0.2～3km研究尺度范围内,Hurst指数自北往南增大、自西往东增大,表示在虹湾地区粗糙度自西北向东南方向增大。(4)虹湾地区地质年龄为自西北向东南方向变小,与Hurst指数增大方向一致。(5)在月表年轻撞击坑地区月表成熟度与Hurst指数大致呈负相关关系。     

Effects of atmospheric dynamics and ocean resolution on bi-stability of the thermohaline circulation examined using the Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system modelling (GENIE) framework

We have used the Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system modelling (GENIE) framework to undertake a systematic search for bi-stability of the ocean thermohaline circulation (THC) for different surface grids and resolutions of 3-D ocean (GOLDSTEIN) under a 3-D dynamical atmosphere model (IGCM). A total of 407,000 years were simulated over a three month period using Grid computing. We find bi-stability of the THC despite significant, quasi-periodic variability in its strength driven by variability in the dynamical atmosphere. The position and width of the hysteresis loop depends on the choice of surface grid (longitude-latitude or equal area), but is less sensitive to changes in ocean resolution. For the same ocean resolution, the region of bi-stability is broader with the IGCM than with a simple energy-moisture balance atmosphere model (EMBM). Feedbacks involving both ocean and atmospheric dynamics are found to promote THC bi-stability. THC switch-off leads to increased import of freshwater at the southern boundary of the Atlantic associated with meridional overturning circulation. This is counteracted by decreased freshwater import associated with gyre and diffusive transports. However, these are localised such that the density gradient between North and South is reduced tending to maintain the THC off state. THC switch-off can also generate net atmospheric freshwater input to the Atlantic that tends to maintain the off state. The ocean feedbacks are present in all resolutions, across most of the bi-stable region, whereas the atmosphere feedback is strongest in the longitude–latitude grid and around the transition where the THC off state is disappearing. Here the net oceanic freshwater import due to the overturning mode weakens, promoting THC switch-on, but the atmosphere counteracts this by increasing net freshwater input. This increases the extent of THC bi-stability in this version of the model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

广西隆林卡林型金矿地质特征及成因探讨

广西隆林卡林型金矿主要产于上二叠统合山组泥质条带状灰岩及砂质白云岩中,受背斜或穹窿构造核部的高角度正断层控制明显,矿体呈脉状或似层状,矿石类型包括块状、条带状、碎粒状等。根据金矿产状和下伏碳酸盐岩地层具有较高的金丰度,推测该地区金矿成因与热液流体活动密切相关;最后还对研究区找矿标志和找矿潜力进行了探讨。这项研究为我国西南碳酸盐岩地区寻找金矿提供了新的思路。     

Glacial paleoceanography off the mouth of the Mekong River, southern South China Sea, during the last 500 ka

We have analyzed core MD01-2392, ∼ 360 km east of the Mekong River mouth in the South China Sea (SCS). Over the past 500 ka, planktonic foraminiferal oxygen-isotopic values are consistently lighter than northern SCS and open-ocean records by up to 0.5‰, indicating the influence of run-off from the Mekong River during both glacial and interglacial periods. Carbonate content is higher during interglacials; sedimentation rates were higher during glacials. Increased sedimentation rates since 30 ka imply increased run-off during the last glacial maximum and Holocene Period. Contrary to general experience, in which it is classed as a warm species for temperature estimates, the thermocline-dwelling species Pulleniatina obliquiloculata increased its numbers during glacial periods. This implies an estuarine circulation and even brackish-water caps during glacial periods, reinforcing the sense of strong run-off. In an overall decline of warm water, the thermocline shoaled stepwise, with rapid rises across the glacial terminations. We infer that the southern SCS was opened to an influx of Indian Ocean waters through southern passages at those times of rising sea levels.