地下流体水位观测地震前兆机理研究

本文主要研究锦州沈家台汤池子观测站地下流体数字化水位的年、月、日动态特征及数字化资料映震性能分析。检验理论固体潮与实际观测水位的潮汐因子、相对误差,排除气压对水位观测的干扰因素,识别水位观测水动态中较大幅度的脉冲和突变、阶变、潮汐畸变,水位上升打破年变等因素,提高利用地下流体观测地震前兆的监测效能。     

孔隙砂岩多次化学注浆试验研究

选取宁东地区典型的孔隙砂岩,采用不同颜色示踪的化学浆液进行4次注浆试验;揭示了浆液在孔隙中的扩散、充填规律及注浆次数与被注岩层渗透系数、孔隙率之间的关系。研究发现：每次化学注浆浆液的充填情况有明显的差别,首次注浆浆液在整个岩样均有较均匀的充填,后续的各次注浆浆液均呈现部分区域积聚充填的现象;随着注浆次数的增加岩样的渗透系数减小,孔隙充填率增加,渗透系数、孔隙充填率与注浆次数的关系可分别采用幂函数及对数函数拟合;4次注浆后岩样的渗透系数减小了97%,说明多次注浆起到了很好的减渗效果。依据试验成果,建立数值计算模型,预测了不同注浆次数、不同开挖条件下注浆孔及井筒的涌水量,并与井筒实际涌水量进行对比,发现两者数据较为吻合,说明依据试验结果建立数值模型进行涌水量预测是可行的。     

天津气象塔风温梯度观测资料的统计特征

利用天津气象塔风温梯度观测资料对其统计特征及平均风温廓线的日变化规律进行了分析，特别是分析了稳定层结的风温廓线特征，还给出了几种典型天气的低层大气结构的个例分析。     

云南地区地热基本特征

本文从实测26口井的地热数据中取得14个大地热流值,认为云南地区地热场具有西高东低,并自西往东呈波浪式逐渐变低的趋势,该区具有高地热特征的地质发展历史。由于该区地处世界两大地震带的过渡地区,具有岛弧型的高地热特征,也具有岛弧地带地震活跃的特点,强震多发生在深大断裂带上。该区不同构造单元中的地热场存在的明显不均一性,影响着地震的孕育和地震的发生,地热场、温泉和地震的分布呈良好的对应关系     

典型高陡边坡高位地质灾害调查及评估

高陡边坡顶部往往难以通达,高位灾害体的判识评估是灾害防治中的难点问题。本文针对某典型高陡边坡,采用无人机低空摄影辅助调查,查明了陡坡危岩体和坡顶变形体地质特征;应用数码摄影测量技术,获取了边坡岩体结构和灾害体几何特征等信息。通过潜在失稳岩体稳定性分析,失稳岩体运动轨迹、冲击能量分析,评价边坡地质灾害危险性;桥梁、路基、棚洞3种构造物型式易损性和灾害发生后经济损失分析表明,棚洞结构最优,若采用其他结构需对边坡主动加固。     

印尼贯穿流源区马鲁古海与哈马黑拉海水团来源的季节和年际变化

So far, large uncertainties of the Indonesian throughflow(ITF) reside in the eastern Indonesian seas, such as the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea. In this study, the water sources of the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea are diagnosed at seasonal and interannual timescales and at different vertical layers, using the state-of-the-art simulations of the Ocean General Circulation Model(OGCM) for Earth Simulator(OFES). Asian monsoon leaves clear seasonal footprints on the eastern Indonesian seas. Consequently, the subsurface waters(around 24.5σ_θ and at ～150 m) in both the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea stem from the South Pacific(SP) during winter monsoon, but during summer monsoon the Maluku Sea is from the North Pacific(NP), and the Halmahera Sea is a mixture of waters originating from the NP and the SP. The monsoon impact decreases with depth, so that in the Maluku Sea, the intermediate water(around 26.8σ_θ and at ～480 m) is always from the northern Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea water is mainly from the SP in winter and the Banda Sea in summer. The deep waters(around27.2σ_θ and at ～1 040 m) in both seas are from the SP, with weak seasonal variability. At the interannual timescale,the subsurface water in the Maluku Sea originates from the NP/SP during El Ni?o/La Ni?a, while the subsurface water in the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. Similar to the seasonal variability, the intermediate water in Maluku Sea mainly comes from the Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. The deep waters in both seas are from the SP. Our findings are helpful for drawing a comprehensive picture of the water properties in the Indonesian seas and will contribute to a better understanding of the ocean-atmosphere interaction over the maritime continent.     

印度尼西亚海及周边海域层结的时空变化特征分析

本文利用World Ocean Atlas 2013 (WOA13)和Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 3.1.1 (SODA v3.3.1)温盐资料,分析印尼贯穿流(ITF)路径及所经印度尼西亚海及周边西太平洋、南海和东印度洋海域的层结强度(N²)和跃层特征的三维时空变化特征。结果表明,气候态下ITF 3条路径上跃层平均N²差异较小,其中中部路径平均值最大,为10^−3.68 s⁻²,东部路径平均值最小,为10^−3.71 s⁻²;各路径跃层深度和厚度存在明显差异,东部路径跃层深度和厚度最大,分别为124 m和192 m,中部次之,西部最小为99 m和143 m,并且印尼海的跃层深度和厚度平均值均小于其他海域。印尼海N²存在显著的季节变化和4～7 a的多年周期变化,其中年际变化可能主要受厄尔尼诺−南方涛动事件影响。季节上,在印尼海域内,ITF 3条路径夏季层结强度均小于冬季(北半球夏冬季),夏、冬两季N²差值最大可达到两个量级。1993−2015年的长期变化趋势显示,印尼海及周边大部分海域的层结强度呈现增强趋势,其中印度洋中部和哈马黑拉海23 a内最大层结增强近0.1个量级。     

Diploptene: an indicator of terrigenous organic carbon in Washington coastal sediments

The pentacyclic triterpene 17 beta(H),21 beta(H)-hop-22(29)-ene (diploptene) occurs in sediments throughout the Columbia River drainage basin and off the southern coast of Washington state in concentrations comparable to long-chain plantwax n-alkanes. The same relationship is evident for diploptene and long-chain n-alkanes in soils from the Willamette Valley. Microorganisms indigenous to soils and soil erosion are indicated as the biological source and physical process, respectively, for diploptene in coastal sediments. Similarity between the stable carbon isotopic composition (delta 13CPDB) of diploptene isolated from soil in the Willamette Valley (-31.2 +/- 0.3%) and from sediments deposited throughout the Washington coastal environment (-31.2 +/- 0.5%) supports this argument. Values of delta for diploptene in river sediments are variable and 8-17% lighter, indicating that an additional biological source such as methane-oxidizing bacteria makes a significant contribution to the diploptene record in river sediments. Selective biodegradation resulting from a difference in the physicochemical association within eroded particles can explain the absence of the more-13C-depleted form of diploptene in Washington coastal sediments, but this mechanism remains unproven.     

基于子域解析元素法的煤矿地下水流场模拟

为了分析将子域解析元素法应用于煤矿地下水流场模拟的可行性,并探究如何提高此方法的模拟精度,首先推导出了强度非线性变化的高阶线汇的复势表达式,分析了其流量势与流函数的空间分布特征,在此基础上应用python语言构建了基于子域解析元素法的煤矿地下水流场模型并应用于求解某煤矿放水试验后水位分布问题.模拟结果显示,模拟水位与观...     

罗云山山前断裂带阶地调查研究及其构造意义

Located at the west of the Linfen basin, the Luoyunshan piedmont fault zone controls the western boundary of the basin. According to the measurements of the terraces in eight gullies along the Luoyunshan fault zone, five levels of terraces, namely T1～T5 have developed in these gullies. The heights of terraces T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are about 3m, 8～10m, about 20m, about 30m and 40～50m, respectively. The dating data of the terraces and investigation of the faulted landforms show that the Luoyunshan fault zone has experienced much activity since the Late Quaternary. The uplift rate of the terraces was 0.41mm/a since the Middle-Late Pleistocene, and 0.75mm/a since the Holocene. The increasing trend of uplift rate of the terraces along the Luoyunshan fault zone from the Middle-Late Pleistocene to Holocene indicates the tendency of gradual tectonic uplift of the fault zone since the late Quaternary. This is in good agreement with the increasing trend of subsidence rate of the Linfen basin from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene.