N_（263）浸渍树脂分离─富集Pb（Ⅱ）的研究及其应用

以Ｎ＿（２６３）浸渍在ＤＡ＿（２０１）大孔吸附树脂上制得了Ｎ＿（２６３）浸渍树脂，测定了静态时树脂Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）的吸附容量。通过柱层析法，试验了酸度，流速和干扰离子等因素对Ｎ＿（２６３）浸渍树脂吸附和洗脱Ｐｂ的影响。建立了Ｎ＿（２６３）浸渍树脂分离─富集后衔接原子吸收和比色法测定Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）的方法，测定了地质样品中Ｐｂ（Ⅱ），测试结果理想。     

Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow

Due to their particular physiology and life history traits, bryophytes are critical in regulating biogeochemical cycles and functions in alpine ecosystem. Hence, it is crucial to investigate their nutrient utilization strategies in comparison with vascular plants and understand their responses to the variation of growing season caused by climate change. Firstly, this study testified whether or not bryophytes can absorb nitrogen(N) directly from soil through spiking three chemical forms of 15N stable isotope tracer. Secondly, with stronger ability of carbohydrates assimilation and photosynthesis, it is supposed that N utilization efficiency of vascular plants is significantly higher than that of bryophytes. However, the recovery of soil N by bryophytes can still compete with vascular plants due to their greater phytomass. Thirdly, resource acquisition may be varied from the change of growing season, during which N pulse can be manipulated with 15N tracer addition at different time. Both of bryophytes and vascular plants contain more N in a longer growing season, and prefer inorganic over organic N. Bryophytes assimilate more NH4+ than NO3– and amino acid, which can be indicated from the greater shoot excess 15N of bryophytes. However, vascular plants prefer to absorb NO3– for their developed root systems and vascular tissue. Concerning the uptake of three forms N by bryophytes, there is significant difference between two manipulated lengths of growing season. Furthermore, the capacity of bryophytes to tolerate N-pollution may be lower than currently appreciated, which indicates the effect of climate change on asynchronous variation of soil N pools with plant requirements.     

The effect of expansion ratio on the critical Reynolds number in single fracture flow with sudden expansion

Flow in a single fracture (SF) is an important research subject in groundwater hydrology, hydraulic engineering, radioactive nuclear waste repository and geotechnical engineering. An abruptly changing aperture is a unique type of SF. This study discusses the relation between the values of the critical Reynolds number (Re_c) for the onset of symmetry breaking of flow and the expansion ratio (E) of SF, which is defined as the ratio between the outlet (D) and inlet (d) apertures. This study also investigates the effect of inlet aperture d on Re_c for flow in an SF with abruptly changing apertures (SF‐ACA) using the finite volume method. Earlier numerical and experimental results showed that flow is symmetric in respect to the central plane of the SF‐ACA at small Reynolds number (Re) but becomes asymmetric when Re is sufficiently large. Our simulations show that the value of Re_c decreases with the increasing E, and the relationship between the logarithm of Re_c and E can be described accurately using either a quadratic polynomial function or a logarithmic function. However, the relationship of Re_c and d for a given E value is vague, and Re_c becomes even less sensitive to d when E increases. This study also reveals that the hydraulic gradient (J) and flow velocity (v) follow a super‐linear relationship that can be fitted almost perfectly by the Forchheimer equation. The inertial component (J_i) of J increases monotonically with Re, whereas the viscous component (J_v) of J decreases monotonically with Re. The Re value corresponding to equal inertial and viscous components of J (named as the transitional point Re) decreases when E increases, and such a transitional point Re should be closely related to the critical Reynolds number Re_c, although a rigorous theoretical proof is not yet available. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

藏嵩草高寒湿地中孢粉记录的古植被与古环境状况

高寒沼泽湿地是青藏高原重要的水源涵养地,其沉积物是研究过去环境变化的重要载体.在三江源区果洛州（GLS）和青海湖北岸（QHHS）选取典型高寒沼泽湿地作为研究样地,调查其植被群落特征,并根据湿地沉积剖面的光释光年代和孢粉数据,分析湿地的古植被和古环境状况.结果表明：优势种（藏嵩草）在三江源区湿地群落和青海湖流域湿地群落中所占的优势度分别是24.43和14.74;从土壤孢粉信息表现出两个沼泽湿地自发育以来植被优势种以莎草科为主. GLS剖面显示,0～50 cm深和80～140 cm深的孢粉浓度显著高于50～80 cm深处的浓度;20 cm以下的沉积物中,花粉浓度与有机质含量呈正相关趋势,与δ13C呈负相关趋势.高寒沼泽湿地中,孢粉数据能较好地反映植物群落中莎草科的优势地位,与现生植物群落具有较好的一致性.     

江苏海岸中部近岸冬季潮汐和潮流特征

南黄海西侧的江苏海岸近岸区域,素以地形复杂、潮流强劲、悬沙输运剧烈著称,但是较长期的同步潮位和潮流观测数据仍然缺乏,尤其是在近岸(20 km)浅水(20 m)区域。2014年1月在大丰港附近开展了连续潮位和潮流观测,获得的数据揭示了一系列特征。此地潮汐潮流为正规半日潮,浅水分潮显著。平均潮差为3.05 m,最显著的两个分潮为M2和S2分潮,振幅分别为1.45 m和0.52 m。潮流最显著的半日分潮M2分潮和最显著的浅水分潮M4分潮在沿岸方向上振幅分别为0.84m/s和0.12m/s,在跨岸方向上振幅分别为0.24 m/s和0.01 m/s,沿岸方向占绝对优势。潮波的沿岸传播介于前进波和驻波之间,驻波的特征稍强。M2分潮潮流椭圆最大流(长轴)方向为南偏东7.4°。存在冬季沿岸向北的余流,垂向平均值的大小为2.2 cm/s。以上潮汐潮流特征为该区域海洋物质输运研究提供了基础资料。     

达县—宣汉地区长兴组礁滩白云岩成岩作用与成岩环境研究

达县—宣汉长兴组礁滩白云岩主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、压溶作用、胶结作用、白云石化作用、新生变形作用、溶蚀作用、破裂作用和充填胶结作用等,对研究区储层贡献最大的成岩作用主要是溶蚀作用、新生变形作用和破裂作用。根据岩石中所形成的大量溶蚀孔隙、晶间溶孔和晶间孔以及裂缝的特征,该套礁滩白云岩储层的良好物性主要形成于中—深埋藏环境。     

水声学方法对黄河口水下底坡失稳现象研究

对黄河三角洲东北部地区的高分辨率水声学资料进行了综合研究。根据所记录的破坏土体变形程度、运动产生的平面形状和地貌特征形态,对土体失稳过程进行分类：浅表土体变形、塌陷凹坑、滑坡和沉积物重力流。结果表明：（１）浅表土体形变的变形程度最低,出现在研究区斜坡上部平滑海底,主要为绳网状泄水构造和表层拉张裂隙。（２）塌陷凹坑在研究区内广泛出现,是局部土体液化后发生了垂直沉降的结果。（３）滑坡多发生在水下斜坡的中上部,由弧形塌陷区、狭窄的冲沟通道和负地形沉积物堆积区组成。滑坡陡坎后缘发现拉张裂隙。（４）沉积物重力流是土体发生变形程度最大,搬运距离最长的土体破坏变形形式。局部区域多次受到沉积物重力流切割和充填作用。     

干密度和含水率对稻草加筋土强度与变形的影响

以防腐处理后的稻草加筋滨海盐渍土,完成了三种干密度和三种含水率的稻草加筋土的抗压实验和三轴UU压缩实验。结果表明：干密度较大时,加筋土的抗压强度和抗剪强度较高,达到峰值强度的应变较大,即抗变形能力较强;随含水率的增加,加筋土的强度降低,抗变形能力减弱;加筋稻草增强了土的抗变形能力,提高了土的粘聚力,但对内摩擦角的影响很小;在最优含水率和最大干密度下,加筋效果最优。     

白云鄂博的碳锶铈矿

在对白云鄂博碳酸岩中稀土矿物的研究中,发现了锶-稀土含水复碳酸盐矿物。根据电子探针分析结果,其化学成分相当于碳锶铈矿(Ancylite-Ce)、钙碳锶铈矿(Calcioancylite),前者Sr>Ca,后者Ca>Sr。计算得到的化学式分别为:(Sr0.62,Ca0.18)0.8(Ce0.5,Nd0.36,La0.17,Pr0.02,Sm0.02)1.2(CO3)2(OH1.04,F0.14)1.2H2O、(Ca0.73,Sr0.28,Ba0.17)1.2(Ce0.46,Nd0.15,La0.15,Pr0.04,Sm0.01)0.8(CO3)2(OH0.75,F0.06)0.8H2O,简化为:(Sr,Ca)2-xCex(CO3)2.(OH,F)2-x.H2O,接近理论化学式(Sr,Ca)Ce(CO3)2(OH)H2O,但附加阴离子除OH—外,还含有少量F-。两者均为几微米至十几微米的微小晶体,呈浸染状产出,且仅见于晚期方解石或方解石—白云石交生体中。