江西相山铀矿田中断裂与水相变耦合成矿——以邹家山矿床铀成矿作用分析为例

在已知成矿带和矿床中,随着找矿和开采的进行,已有的和新发现的资料积累越来越多.一个好的成矿理论,可以给这些资料较为统一的、合理的解释,还可能为老矿区(带)的深部和外围找矿指出一些新思路和新标志.据热液矿床水相变控矿理论,水相变可导致水的物理化学性质突变,使成矿物质被释放而成矿,在热液成矿作用中断裂降压引发水相变,是热液...     

基于Biot-Gassmann 方程的流体替换技术在番禺天然气区PY 气田的应用

珠江口盆地番禺天然气区PY 气田位于坡折带上,特殊的沉积环境导致该气田已钻探的各井 T50 储层泊松比关系异常,含油气性特征非常复杂。为更好的判断储层的含油气性,利用Biot-Gassmann 方程对坡折带储层的流体性质进行了替换,考查不同流体性质下储层的含油气响应特征。研究结果表明: Biot-Gassmann 方程能有效的用于坡折带储层的流体替换研究; 坡折带T50 储层含水和含气时的AVO 响应特征相近,但两者响应的幅值不同,含水砂岩的幅值更小。     

新疆哈密大南湖地区层间氧化带型铀成矿作用

矿化区位于新疆吐哈盆地东南缘的大南湖凹陷东部,铀矿化赋存层位为中侏罗统西山窑组上段和中段上部,上段主要为冲积扇和辫状河沉积;中段主要为曲流河和三角洲沉积.铀矿石的特征元素有机碳orgC、CO2、∑S的化学分析平均值分别为0.42％、4.19％、0.38％,明显高于大南湖地区相应岩石的平均值0.34％、0.40％、0.14％,反映U元素的富集明显与其相关.铀矿石所分析的7种微量元素,其平均值均大于大南湖地区砂岩相应元素的平均值,反映了层间氧化作用可能是微量元素迁移富集的机制之一.铀矿化厚度4.9m,品位为1.902×10-4,U含量为1.996 kg/m2.矿体形态为板状.含矿岩石主要为褐黄色、灰色中一粗粒长石岩屑砂岩、砂质砾岩、砾岩.大南湖地区含矿层位中侏罗统西山窑组岩石原生地球化学类型为黑色和灰色.铀的存在形式以吸附状态为主.区内的铀矿化类型属层间氧化带型.铀矿化形成于氧化-还原过渡带,与层间氧化带发育存在直接的成因关系.     

Post-collisional, K-rich mafic magmatism in south Tibet: constraints on Indian slab-to-wedge transport processes and plateau uplift

Post-collisional (23–8 Ma), potassium-rich (including ultrapotassic and potassic) mafic magmatic rocks occur within the north–south-trending Xuruco lake–Dangre Yongcuo lake (XDY) rift in the Lhasa terrane of the southern Tibetan Plateau, forming an approximately 130-km-long semi-continuous magmatic belt. They include both extrusive and intrusive facies. Major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data are presented for all of the known exposures within the XDY rift. The potassium-rich, mafic igneous rocks are characterized by high MgO (5.9–10.8 wt.%), K₂O (4.81–10.68 wt.%), Ba (1,782–5,618 ppm) and Th (81.3–327.4 ppm) contents, and relatively high SiO₂ (52.76–58.32 wt.%) and Al₂O₃ (11.10–13.67 wt.%). Initial Sr isotopic compositions are extremely radiogenic (0.712600–0.736157), combined with low (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb) _i (18.28–18.96) and (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd) _i (0.511781–0.512046). Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns display relatively weak negative Eu anomalies. Primitive mantle-normalized incompatible trace element patterns exhibit strong enrichments in large ion lithophile elements relative to high-field-strength elements and display strongly negative Ta–Nb–Ti anomalies. The combined major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic characteristics of the K-rich igneous rocks suggest that the primitive magmas were produced by 1–10 % partial melting of an asthenospheric mantle source enriched by both fluids and partial melts derived from Indian passive continental margin sediments subducted into the shallow mantle as a consequence of the northward underthrusting of the Indian continental lithosphere beneath Tibet since the India–Asia collision at ~55 Ma. The best-fit model results indicate that a melt with trace element characteristics similar to those of the K-rich rocks could be generated by 8–10 % partial melting of a metasomatized mantle source in the south and 1–2 % melting in the north of the XDY rift. Trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic modeling indicate that the proportion of fluid derived from the subducted sediments, for which we use as a proxy the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Sequence (HHCS), in the mantle source region increases from north (rear-arc) to south (front-arc), ranging from 0 to 5 %, respectively. Correspondingly, the proportion of the melt derived from the subducted HHCS in the source increases from north (2 %) to south (15 %). The increasing proportion of the fluid and melt component in the mantle source from north to south, together with a southward decreasing trend in the age of the K-rich magmatism within the XDY rift, is inferred to reflect rollback of the subducted Indian lithospheric mantle slab during the period 25–8 Ma. Slab rollback may be linked to a decreasing convergence rate between India and Asia. As a consequence of slab rollback at 25 Ma beneath the Lhasa terrane, its geodynamic setting was transformed from a convergent (55–25 Ma) to an extensional (25–8 Ma) regime. The occurrence of K-rich magmatism during the period 25–8 Ma is a consequence of the decompression melting of an enriched mantle source, which may signal the onset of extension in the southern Tibetan Plateau and provide a petrological record of the extension process.     

桃山铀矿田地学信息数据库建立及成矿预测系统开发

以桃山铀矿田为例,对GIS地学信息数据库的建立及成矿预测系统的开发进行了研究,阐述了其关键技术,探讨了该数据库系统和预测系统在实际应用中的发展前景及存在的问题。     

鄂尔多斯盐沼湿地土壤盐分特征对植物群落的影响

为研究内陆盐沼植物群落的分布对土壤盐分的响应特征,选取鄂尔多斯盐湖盐沼区作为研究区,筛选了肉质耐盐植物群落、苔草植物群落和禾草植物群落3类典型植物群落,开展了土壤含水量、pH、电导率以及Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-和HCO3-测定,分析了区内典型植物群落对土壤水盐因子的响应规律.探讨...     

电气石原料化学成分、制备方法对电气石陶瓷性能的影响

电气石具有自发电极属性,对改变水团的缔合度具有一定作用。笔者研究了朝鲜多个地区电气石的成分、结构和理化性能,并以其为主要原料制备了不同类型的电气石陶瓷,同时研发了一种间接测量水团缔合度的方法,该方法是利用水溶液的电容和介电损耗值来间接评价水团缔合度,可以反映水团缔合度的相对大小。研究表明,以高钙电气石为原料、适当添加活性剂并经700℃烧结工艺制备的电气石陶瓷,对降低水团缔合度具有明显效果。     

柴达木盆地北缘滩间山金矿区斜长花岗斑岩锆石LA-MC-ICPMS测年及其岩石地球化学特征

滩间山金矿区斜长花岗斑岩出露于柴达木盆地北缘构造带,是区内出露较大的斑岩体。利用LA-MC-ICPMS锆石定年方法,测得斜长花岗斑岩锆石的年龄为2 416～336Ma,可分为3组:2 416～2 365,1 797～1 602,358～336Ma。对锆石矿物成因研究表明,第一组和第二组年龄为继承性锆石的年龄,反映其源岩有前寒武纪变质岩或同期岩浆岩的物质;第三组为斜长花岗斑岩的结晶年龄,表明岩体形成于早石炭世,为华力西中期斜长花岗斑岩。岩石地球化学特征表明,岩石属钙碱性系列偏铝质岩石,为I型花岗岩,形成于后碰撞环境。结合锆石的年龄测定数据,认为斜长花岗斑岩物质具有多来源的特点,华力西中期是本区金矿形成的一个重要成矿期。     

硬岩型铀矿化(点、带)地球物理特征

为了深入研究硬岩型铀矿化(点、带)的地球物理特征,在桃山、红山子地区开展了综合物探测量.结果表明,在△T磁异常平面等值线图中,铀矿床(点、带)一般位于强弱磁异常过渡地带偏弱磁异常一侧,电阻率断面图中多位于高低阻梯度变化带或中低阻区,电阻率平面图中多位于中低阻过渡带偏低阻一侧.该硬岩型铀矿化地球物理特征为寻找该类铀矿有利地段提供了重要信息.     

古尔班通古特沙漠腹地土壤水分动态

采用土钻法对古尔班通古特沙漠腹地典型自然沙垄剖面土壤含水量进行长期监测.采取多重比较(LSD)、典型相关分析(MANOVA)、并在国内第一次采用季节交乘趋势等统计方法,对土壤水分与环境因子的关系进行分析,研究结果表明:土壤含水量时间变化规律分为补给期、失水期和冻结滞水期.土壤含水量均值为补给期>冻结滞水期>失水期,变异系数为补给期>冻结滞水期>失水期;土壤含水量空间变化规律表现为:阴阳坡间具有极显著差异(P<0.01,F=0.002 9).垄间分别与坡中、垄顶具有显著性差异(P<0.05).垂直变化分为活跃层、过渡层和稳定层,活跃层与其他土层间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),土壤含水量均值为阴坡>阳坡,垄顶>垄间>坡中.活跃层>过渡层和稳定层;变异系数为阴坡>阳坡,垄间>坡中>垄顶,活跃层>过渡层>稳定层;降雨量和温度是影响研究区土壤水分时间分布变化的重要影响因子,同时也是土壤含水量变化的决定性影响因子,与土壤含水量具有显著相关性(P<0.05,F=0.02).