浅谈内蒙古大兴安岭地区中南部侏罗系与白垩系之界线

通过对大兴安岭地区侏罗系与白垩系之间不整合面的讨论,以地层区域对比及同位素测年数据等信息确定其界线,达到本区侏罗系与白垩系界线的可识别性、客观性和稳定性之目的.同时,对该区主要地层形成的大地构造环境的研究,认为土城子组是碰撞造山后伸展阶段形成的一套陆相红层,也是侏罗纪结束的标准层;而满克头鄂博组、玛尼吐组和白音高老组则是碰撞造山后垮塌阶段形成的火山地层.以大规模火山爆发为特征,本区开始了白垩纪地壳演化阶段.侏罗系与白垩系界线位于土城子组与满克头鄂博组之间,二者界线以区域不整合（假整合）为特征,不整合面形成于碰撞造山后伸展与垮塌的转换时期.     

DFT study of the carbonation on mineral aerosol surface models of olivine: effect of water

Mineral aerosols play a significant role in gas–solid interfacial and atmospheric chemistry. Carbonation of olivine aerosol, which takes place in a multiphase reaction processes, can be an effective means to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Due to the presence of a huge reserve of silicate minerals in nature, olivine aerosol could be an ideal potential raw material for mineral carbonation for its higher reactivity with H₂O and CO₂. However, quantitative information about the carbonation process on the surface of natural olivine aerosol is not available. In this paper, calculations on the carbonation reaction processes with and without a H₂O molecule using a periodic olivine model has been carried out via the density functional theory. The pathways and their corresponding energies and structures in the carbonation reactions have been established, and the effect of water as means to reduce the energy barriers and stabilize the carbonated structures by forming hydrogen bonds has been confirmed.     

Analysis on variation characteristics of geothermal response in Liaoning Province

Due to energy shortage and increasing environmental awareness, resources in shallow underground space have been rapidly exploited and utilized. So that studying variation characteristics of geothermal response in gneiss is necessary for effective and rational use of underground heat. Based on field test of thermal response in gneiss under hydrogeological survey project carried out in shallow geothermal energy development zone in Liaoning Province, this thesis analyzes mathematical statistics of geothermal response characteristics in main gneiss of Laoning Province. The initial formation temperature ranges from 10.80℃ to 15.80℃ according to field test. The statistical results show that in the condition of natural water content, the average thermal conductivity of Quaternary loose rocks comes as clay silty silty fine sand medium sand coarse sand gravelly sand. This order is consistent with thermal conductivity characteristics of gneiss obtained in the laboratory. Formation temperature recovery in different strata follows as granite medium sand clay. This order is opposite to the absolute value of temperature recovery curve slope of corresponding lithology, which shows that the stratum with higher temperature recovery rate has lower temperature recovery curve slope.     

扬州捺山上新世盾形火山机构地质特征与地质公园建立

扬州仪征捺山上新世盾形火山机构是一套"爆发相—溢流相—次火山相"喷发旋回,伴有多个寄生火山口,其完整程度为江苏唯一,国内罕见。文章系统介绍捺山上新世盾形火山机构,详细论述该火山机构的地质特征及成因。这是对该地质遗迹进行的首创性工作,对进一步的地质科研、科普教育及生态旅游具有重要意义。     

川南沐川地区宣威组底部铌-稀土多金属富集层富集规律、沉积环境与成矿模式

云南、贵州地区对晚二叠世宣威组底部Nb-REE多金属富集层的研究取得了重要进展,但其成因还有较大争议.为厘清沐川地区宣威组底部Nb-REE多金属富集层成因机制及富集规律,本研究开展了野外实地调查、矿物学、岩相古地理与岩石地球化学等系统性研究,探讨其物源、富集规律,建立了成矿模式.结果 表明,川南沐川地区宣威组底部Nb-...     

中天山科克苏河地区隆升剥蚀历史——来自(U-Th)/He年龄的制约

天山是中亚造山带重要组成部分,其中-新生代构造热演化及隆升剥露史研究是认识中亚造山带构造变形过程与机制的关键.本文应用磷灰石(U-Th)/He技术重建中天山南缘科克苏河地区中-新生代构造热演化及隆升剥蚀过程.磷灰石(U-Th)/He数据综合解释及热演化史模拟表明该地区至少存在晚白垩世、早中新世、晚中新世3期快速隆升剥蚀事件,起始时间分别为~90Ma、~13Ma及~5Ma,且这3期隆升剥蚀事件在整个天山地区具有广泛的可对比性.相对于磷灰石裂变径迹,磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄记录了中天山南缘地质演化史中更新和更近的热信息,即中天山在晚中新世(~5 Ma)快速隆升剥蚀,其剥蚀速率为~0.47mm·a~(-1),剥蚀厚度为~2300m.总体上,中天山科克苏地区隆升剥蚀起始时间从天山造山带向昭苏盆地(由南向北)逐渐变老,表明了中天山南缘隆升剥蚀存在不均一性,并发生了多期揭顶剥蚀事件.     

Coseismic Fault Slip of the September 16, 2015 <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mw</Emphasis> 8.3 Illapel,Chile Earthquake Estimated from InSAR Data

The complete surface deformation of 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel, Chile earthquake is obtained using SAR interferograms obtained for descending and ascending Sentinel-1 orbits. We find that the Illapel event is predominantly thrust, as expected for an earthquake on the interface between the Nazca and South America plates, with a slight right-lateral strike slip component. The maximum thrust-slip and right-lateral strike slip reach 8.3 and 1.5 m, respectively, both located at a depth of 8 km, northwest to the epicenter. The total estimated seismic moment is 3.28 × 10²¹ N.m, corresponding to a moment magnitude Mw 8.27. In our model, the rupture breaks all the way up to the sea-floor at the trench, which is consistent with the destructive tsunami following the earthquake. We also find the slip distribution correlates closely with previous estimates of interseismic locking distribution. We argue that positive coulomb stress changes caused by the Illapel earthquake may favor earthquakes on the extensional faults in this area. Finally, based on our inferred coseismic slip model and coulomb stress calculation, we envision that the subduction interface that last slipped in the 1922 Mw 8.4 Vallenar earthquake might be near the upper end of its seismic quiescence, and the earthquake potential in this region is urgent.     

基于InSAR和GPS观测数据的尼泊尔地震发震断层特征参数联合反演研究

利用日本ALOS-2和欧空局Sentinel-1A卫星获得的尼泊尔地震同震形变场,结合GPS同震位移数据,联合反演了断层滑动分布特征和空间展布.结果表明:尼泊尔地震的同震形变场主要集中在150km×100km的范围内,且分为南北两个相邻的形变中心,南形变中心的视线向抬升量约为1.2m,北形变中心的视线向沉降量约为0.8m,均位于发震断层上盘.位于形变抬升区的KKN4和NAST两个GPS站,抬升量和南向运动量均达到了m级,而远离震区的其他GPS台水平和垂直观测量均在1cm以内.联合反演得到的断层位错分布主要集中在沿走向150km,沿倾向70km的范围内,最大滑动量为5.59m,平均滑动量为0.94m.断层面倾角在浅部约为7°,随着深度增加,倾角逐渐变大,到垂直深度20km时倾角接近12°;5月12日MW7.2级余震位于主震破裂区的"凹"型滑动缺损区域;主震破裂区的上边界与MBT空间位置十分吻合,主震破裂区主要集中的MBT以北50~60km处,垂直深度为8~9km,倾角为9°,继续向北时主震破裂面以10°~12°的倾角向深延伸,在18~20km可能与MHT交汇.因此,初步判定MBT为此次地震的发震断层.     

一种基于LEO卫星信标的电离层层析成像新算法

LEO卫星信标是电离层监测的重要手段之一.利用电离层层析成像算法,LEO卫星信标能够实现区域电离层电子密度的快速重构.针对LEO卫星信标的特点,本文提出了一种函数基模型与像素基模型组合的电离层层析成像新算法.选择差分相对电离层总电子含量作为输入数据源,先通过函数基模型法获取电离层电子密度初始分布,再利用像素基模型法对初始分布进行二次迭代重构,该方法可有效降低电离层层析成像对背景电离层模型的依赖,同时能够实现电离层小尺度扰动结构的有效反演.利用数值仿真方法及低纬度电离层层析成像网的实测数据的反演结果验证了本文提出的新算法的可行性和可靠性.     

遥感聚合图像的快速拓扑矢量化方法

鉴于当前遥感图像矢量化效率普遍不高,提出了一种遥感聚合图像的快速拓扑矢量化方法。该方法对聚合图像中的聚合对象进行唯一性标号,并将这个标号作为属性赋予生成的矢量多边形,通过矢量多边形的标号间映射关系便可以快速建立复杂岛屿多边形的拓扑包含关系。试验表明,该方法能够精确地完成斑块对象边界追踪及复杂岛屿多边形处理,并显著提高矢量化的速度。