琼东南盆地南部中新统“丘”形反射成因探讨

在琼东南盆地南部中新统梅山组广泛发育“丘”形反射, 对其识别分析具有重要的意义。这些“丘”形反射主要分布在北礁凹陷及周缘斜坡带上, 在顶底界面呈强反射, 在内部成层、杂乱或为空白反射, 有时在顶部见披覆沉积, 从盆地中心北礁凹陷向边缘斜坡带迁移生长。通过对“丘”形反射的古构造和古地理背景、几何学特征及地震响应特征等方面综合分析, 对其成因进行了探讨, 排除了其为生物礁、泥底辟以及火山丘的可能, 认为其可能为深水环境底流作用下形成的等深流沉积或某种沉积物波。     

Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China

Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Fe) in surface sediments from nine sites in western Xiamen Bay and its vicinity were studied in order to understand current metal contamination due to urbanization and economic development in Xiamen, China. The sediment samples were collected in December 2004 and July 2005 respectively in order to examine temporal variations. In this study, we found that heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments sampled in the western Xiamen Bay and adjacent Maluan Bay and Yuandang Lagoon varied from 19 to 97mg kg(-1) for Cu, 45 to 60mg kg(-1) for Pb, 65 to 223mg kg(-1) for Zn, 0.11 to 1.01mg kg(-1) for Cd, 37 to 134mg kg(-1) for Cr, 25 to 65mg kg(-1) for Ni and 3.08 to 4.81% for Fe. Although all metal concentrations in sediments meets Chinese National Standard Criteria for Marine Sediment Quality, both metal enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I(geo)) show that Pb contamination exists in the entire study area and contamination of other metals are also present in some locations depending on the sources, of which sewage outlets and commercial ports are the main sources of contaminants to the area. This study shows that using the sediment quality standard criteria only to assess sediments cannot properly reflect sediment contamination. A multiple approaches should be applied for the sediment quality assessment.     

超长管棚施工技术在山岭隧道软弱围岩中的应用

以黄衢南高速公路阳排尖隧道为例,介绍了大于30 m超长管棚施工技术;并根据现场监控量测数据,对左右洞不同管棚施工技术效果进行对比分析;分析结果显示,一次性施作超长管棚在山岭隧道软弱围岩地段有较好的实用性。     

包气带土壤组成对三氯乙烯的吸附影响研究

有机质和矿物质是包气带土壤中的主要吸附介质,其吸附特性直接影响有机污染物在环境中的迁移、转化等过程。分别采用分析纯石英砂和典型粘土矿物高岭石模拟土壤的原生矿物和粘土矿物,利用批实验的方法研究土壤中各组成部分对三氯乙烯(TCE)的吸附行为。土壤有机质的吸附行为通过全土样和矿物质的对比得出。结果表明,粘土矿物是吸附氯代烃的主要矿物质,原生矿物对氯代烃的吸附量很小;土壤有机质含量和土壤吸附量之间有很好的正相关性;土壤有机碳含量与土壤粘土矿物含量的比值是影响吸附行为的另一重要因素,比值越小,Koc值越大,土壤对TCE的亲和力就越强。由于自然界中的土壤有机质大都与矿物质形成有机质-粘土矿物结合体,据此推测有机质-矿物质结合体会影响有机质的组成和形态,从而对其吸附行为有重要作用。     

准东地区吉木萨尔凹陷石炭纪层序划分及重要意义

吉木萨尔凹陷为准东地区重要含油气单元.吉15井工业油流的获得显示出石炭系具良好的勘探前景.通过对 该区石炭系地震反射特征研究发现其地层超覆、削蚀关系明显,可追踪对比性强,是区内石炭系重要层组划分标志, 可划分出上石炭统巴塔玛依内山组(简称巴山组)和下石炭统,首次对该区石炭系构造单元进行系统划分.     

Behavior of REE Fractionation during Weathering of Dolomite Regolith Profile in Southwest China

<正>REE fractionation during the weathering of dolomite has been recognized for decades.A regolith profile on dolomite in southwest Yunnan of China was selected to investigate the behaviors of REE during weathering.The weathering of dolomite is divided into two stages:the pedogenesis stage and soil evolution stage,corresponding to the saprolites and soils respectively in the regolith profile. SiO_2,TiO_2,P_2O_5,Zr,Hf,Nb and Ta were immobile components during the weathering by and large, while Al_2O_3,K_2O and Fe_2O_3 were lost during the soil evolution stage in the physical form(clay minerals probably).REE were fractionated during the whole weathering of dolomite.The field weathering profile and the lab acid-leaching experiments on dolomite indicate that MREE were enriched clearly relative to other REE during the pedogenesis stage in a "capillary ascending-adsorption" mechanism, but they did not fractionate clearly in the soil evolution stage.REE were lost and accumulated in the weathering front of dolomite during the soil evolution stage in a "physical-chemical leaching" mechanism.     

江苏溧阳软玉与良渚文化庄桥坟遗址出土软玉的特征对比研究

采用常规宝玉石鉴定方法、偏光显微镜和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对江苏省溧阳县小梅岭玉矿的软玉样品进行了测试研究,并与良渚文化庄桥坟遗址出土的软玉类玉器样品进行了对比。结果表明,溧阳软玉样品和庄桥坟遗址出土软玉类玉器样品的主要矿物组成为透闪石,但后者的w（FeOT）明显高于前者的。庄桥坟遗址出土玉器样品的δEu普遍高于溧阳软玉样品的,大部分为负异常,为轻稀土亏损型,微量元素种类多;溧阳软玉样品的δEu为负异常,为轻稀土富集型,微量元素种类少,说明两种样品应不属于同一产地或同一成因性质。良渚文化庄桥坟遗址出土玉器样品的化学成分与溧阳软玉样品的不同,这与当今考古界普遍认为良渚文化玉器来源于溧阳软玉的观点有所不同。     

相位相关速度分析方法研究及效果比较

利用统计假设原理及地震信号瞬时相位的相关特性,计算了叠加速度谱。理论模型的试算和实际资料的处理结果表明:与常规速度分析方法相比,该方法具有较高的时间分辨率和速度分辨率,而且抗噪性非常好。该方法不仅不受时窗边界奇异性的影响,还可以有效地避免边缘效应,反映更多反射波信息。该方法对于层速度的精确计算很关键,同时也表明了统计方法用在多道信号估计上是有效的。     

舒兰煤田水曲柳区煤层气分布规律及利用方向浅析

舒兰煤田水曲柳区煤层气在平面上富气中心分布与富煤中心一致。该区煤层气属特低丰度、中等埋深的小型煤气田。适宜井下瓦斯抽采。可在建井后,在瓦斯富集部位煤层底板岩巷中,采用钻孔抽采方式,可回收近1.8亿m3煤层气,不但提高了资源的利用率,还将减少环境污染,提高了煤矿生产安全度,具有显著的经济意义和社会效益。     

改性红辉沸石的制备及去除水中CODcr的性能研究

天然红辉沸石经过氯化铝及氯化镁共同改性后,制备出改性红辉沸石。研究了改性红辉沸石和天然红辉沸石对生活污水中CODcr的吸附效果,表明改性红辉沸石的吸附效果明显优于红辉沸石,并通过X射线粉末衍射、热重分析、红外光谱对改性红辉沸石表面结构进行了表征。