Magnetostratigraphy of a Loess-Paleosol Sequence from Higher Terrace of the Daduhe River in the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Geological Significance

<正>The eolian deposits distributed in the river valleys in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)are very useful in neotectonic and paleoclimatic studies.Firstly,the climate in the eastern margin of the TP is mainly controlled by the Indian summer monsoon,and detailed studies on the loess-paleosol sequences in this region can provide valuable terrestrial evidence of past changes in the Indian summer monsoon.Secondly,the river terraces in the eastern margin of the TP are considered to be a sensitive recorder of neotectonism to reflect the timing and amplitude of the TP uplift.The formation ages of these     

Advances and Overview of the Study on Paleo-earthquake Events: A Review of Seismites

The distribution and formation mechanisms of typical identified seismites are analyzed based on various factors from plate tectonic positions, types of sedimentary basins and properties of seismogenic faults to focal mechanisms. Especially, structural styles, reserved positions, activity times, formation mechanisms and dynamics of soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by seismic activity are systematically analyzed. According to the genetic types of seismites, we propose 5 categories, including liquefied deformation, thixotropic deformation, hydroplastic deformation, superimposed gravity driving deformation and brittle deformation. Further, based on the main genetic types, composition of sediments and deformation styles, we draw up 35 secondary classifications. To determine paleo-seismic sequences in different times, activities of seismogenic faults, high-resolution tectonic events in one main tectonic movement and paleo-tectonic settings, and to understand the inducing mechanisms of paleo-earthquakes and ecologic environment evolution, researching on seismites are of great significance. Combing multiple approaches to identify the paleoearthquake records, simulating experiments on various soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by different magnitudes of shocking, dating precisely on paleo-seismic events, impacting on paleogeography and biological environment and on energy and resources domain are the frontiers of paleoseismic research.     

重力界面反演改进算法的比较与应用

为得到更接近地下真实分布的反演界面,笔者比较分析Parker-Oldenburg反演和改进迭代反演,发现改进迭代反演方法不仅可以避免计算放大项,而且能够得到更好结果。通过理论模型,对经典Parker-Oldenburg方法和改进迭代反演方法的计算速度、迭代收敛性和结果精确性进行比较,结果表明改进迭代反演方法在保证计算速度和迭代收敛的情况下,能获得更精确的地下界面结构。通过实际数据验证了改进迭代反演的有效性和实用性。     

榆林市榆阳区地质灾害类型及活动特征

基于对榆阳区地质灾害的详细调查,分析该区地质环境条件,讨论其地质灾害类型、危害、分布规律和活动特征。结果表明,该区地质灾害类型少,分布广,局部密集,小型灾点多,影响因素多,发生频率高,具有群发性、突发性、差异性和链生性。     

新构造运动对冲积河流影响研究的回顾与展望

研究新构造运动本身及其对冲积河流的影响,可以深化地貌学理论、沉积旋回复杂性假设等的认识,也与实际应用密切相关。将活动构造作为新构造运动的一个组成部分,回顾了新构造运动对冲积河流影响,并提及新构造运动本身的研究进展。控制流域水系格局及河流走向的研究,侧重地质学解释;新构造运动应力场的研究,深化了新构造运动机理及驱动力的探讨。三类基本缓慢新构造运动影响水系发育、河床演变、河型变化及河道冲淤,表现出复杂性、层次性、敏感性和先兆性;文章兼及河流侵蚀作用形成"新构造"的研究进展,回顾了物理模型实验研究成就及数学模拟研究端倪。进而指出:应注重该学科的交叉、渗透、综合研究与新构造快速运动方式对冲积河流影响的研究,定期进行新构造运动活跃区的升降速率、河床演变与泥沙输移的观测,进一步推进物理模型实验与数学模拟研究,并加强研究力量的协作与融合。     

陕西省能源供给与经济及生态环境协调性分析

作为我国能源供应的战略基地和大西北生态脆弱区,陕西省经济增长和生态环境协调能力关乎国家能源和生态安全,探究陕西省能源供给与经济及生态环境发展(3E)的协调性及关联性具有重要的理论和现实意义。以能源供给为切入点对陕西省3E现状进行定性分析,推断能源供给对陕西省经济增长的结构性支撑作用。选取25个指标构建3E指标体系,运用层次分析、模糊综合评价等方法对各子系统发展水平及各子系统之间协调性进行定量分析。结果表明:(1)陕西省能源供给、经济增长与生态环境间具有较高的协调性;(2)陕西省能源供给、经济增长和生态环境协调关系波动大;(3)能源供给、经济增长和生态环境协调度对能源供给变化具有较高的敏感性。     

安徽省含山县土地整理耕地质量评价及其变化研究

土地整理是改善土地利用条件,提高土地质量的有效措施,对土地整理后的耕地质量进行评价是土地整理重要工作之一。从耕地质量的内涵和土地整理项目的基本要求出发,选取耕地自然条件和耕地利用条件2个基本因素和12个影响因子,将特尔斐法与层次分析法相结合,确定各因子权重,构建基于土地整理的耕地质量评价指标体系。以安徽省含山县铜闸镇土地整理项目为例,采用传统的土壤调查与3S技术相结合的方法,分析土地整理复垦过程中耕地质量时空格局变化,得出整理前、后耕地质量的级别变化。研究结果表明,通过土地整理,研究区的耕地质量空间分布和级别发生了很大变化,整理后一级、二级、三级质量的土地比整理前分别增加了7.20%,11.95%和0.65%,四级、五级则分别减少了15.65%和4.16%,整理后的耕地质量总体水平是整理前的1.291倍。     

东准噶尔喀拉萨依高分异A型花岗岩岩石成因及其地质意义

喀拉萨依岩体位于东准噶尔卡拉麦里碱性花岗岩带西端,由钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为307.7±3.2Ma~309.6±2.0Ma,岩石高硅(Si O2平均含量为77.25%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=7.50%~9.23%)、低铝(A/CNK=0.922~1.084),贫钙、镁;富集Rb、K、Th等大离子亲石元素及Zr、Hf等高场强元素和稀土元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu。10000Ga/Al值变化于7.00~10.35之间,总体上具碱性A型花岗岩的特征,是该岩带东侧老鸦泉—黄羊山A型花岗岩岩基经高程度分异演化的产物,并非前人认为的S型花岗岩。岩体具正εNd(t)值(3.5~6.0)和年轻的Nd模式年龄(TDM2=520~630Ma),Pb同位素投点位于造山带演化线附近,同位素数据显示岩浆来源于新生造山带下部的年轻地壳。从本次1∶5万区调成果看,卡拉麦里洋盆在晚泥盆世之前已经闭合,从晚泥盆世开始转入碰撞后的拉张环境,在晚石炭世早期进入板内裂谷发展阶段,因此喀拉萨依岩体应是该区板内裂谷阶段而非前人所说的后碰撞阶段的产物。     

Estimating the modal mineralogy of eucrite and diogenite meteorites using visible–near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Reliable quantitative mapping of minerals exposed on Vesta's surface is crucial for understanding the crustal composition, petrologic evolution, and surface modification of the howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) parent body. However, mineral abundance estimates derived from visible–near infrared (VIS–NIR) reflectance spectra are complicated by multiple scattering, particle size, and nonlinear mixing effects. Radiative transfer models can be employed to accommodate these issues, and here we assess the utility of such models to accurately and efficiently determine modal mineralogy for a suite of eucrite and olivine‐bearing (harzburgitic) diogenite meteorites. Hapke and Shkuratov radiative transfer models were implemented to simultaneously estimate mineral abundances and particle size from VIS–NIR reflectance spectra of these samples. The models were tested and compared for laboratory‐made binary (pyroxene–plagioclase) and ternary mixtures (pyroxene–olivine–plagioclase) as well as eucrite and diogenite meteorite samples. Results for both models show that the derived mineral abundances are commonly within 5–10% of modal values and the estimated particle sizes are within the expected ranges. Results for the Hapke model suggest a lower detection limit for olivine in HEDs when compared with the Shkuratov model (5% versus 15%). Our current implementation yields lower uncertainties in mineral abundance (commonly <5%) for the Hapke model, though both models have an advantage over typically used parameters such as band depth, position, and shape in that they provide quantitative information on mineral abundance and particle size. These results indicate that both the Hapke and Shkuratov models may be applied to Dawn VIR data in a computationally efficient manner to quantify the spatial distribution of pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine on the surface of Vesta.     

中国地球气候系统模式的发展及其模拟和预估

地球气候系统模式是开展多学科、多圈层集成研究的重要平台,其发展是国际地学领域特别是全球变化领域竞争的前沿。中国的地球气候系统模式研发工作始于20世纪80年代,最近10年得到快速发展。研发格局上已经形成中国科学院、有关部委和高校三足鼎立的局面。文中在简要回顾中国地球气候系统模式早期发展历史的基础上,总结了中国参加第6次耦合模式比较计划的9个地球气候系统模式的技术特点,初步评估了中国4个模式对全球和东亚气候模拟的基本性能,分析了其在4种共享社会经济路径情景下对全球降水与温度的预估变化及其与平衡态气候敏感度的联系。最后,结合国际态势,从发展的角度提出未来中国气候模式研发工作需要加强的8个方向。