潍北凹陷孔店组天然气成因类型及分布规律

根据天然气组分以及碳同位素和轻烃特征等资料,运用天然气成因理论并结合天然气成因类型判识图版和成藏条件,探讨了潍北凹陷孔店组天然气成因类型及分布规律。结果表明：潍北凹陷天然气CH4体积分数大,重烃体积分数小,非烃组分极少;南部斜坡带的疃4井天然气属生物气;灶户鼻状构造带南部产出的天然气为混有生物气的油型伴生气;灶户鼻状构造带中部地区属典型的油型伴生气;北部洼陷区的东部和南缘产出的天然气具有煤型气,并有油型气混入;以昌1井为代表的北部深洼陷区是煤型气发育的有利地区。总之,潍北凹陷天然气可以划分为生物气、混有生物气的油型伴生气、典型的油型伴生气、混有油型气的煤型气、典型的煤型气等5种成因类型;孔店组天然气类型多样、分布复杂,这些与该区的烃源岩类型、成熟度等因素有关。     

Tracing the sources of strontium in karst groundwater in Chongqing, China: a combined hydrogeochemical approach and strontium isotope

Groundwater quality in karst regions is largely controlled by natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Over the past 10?years, dissolved Sr and its radiogenic isotope, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, were widely used to trace the sources of solutes in groundwater. However, there is little research about hydrogeochemistry and Sr isotopic compositions of the karst groundwater in Chongqing karst area. In this paper, thirty-five representative karst groundwater samples were collected from different aquifers (limestone and dolomite) and various land use types. Hydrochemical types of karst groundwater in Chongqing were mainly of the Ca-HCO₃ type or Ca(Mg)-HCO₃ type. The dissolved Sr concentrations of the studied groundwater ranged from 0.57 to 15.06???mmol/L, and the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr varied from 0.70751 to 0.71627. The groundwater samples from different aquifers and land use types showed distinctive dissolved Sr concentrations and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr. The very positive relationship between Ca/Sr and Mg/Sr in dolomite and limestone aquifers suggests that Ca, Mg and Sr element come mainly from the release of carbonate rock under the groundwater?Crock?CCO₂ gas interaction. According to the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio, the Sr element in karst groundwater in Chongqing was controlled by the weathering of limestone, dolomite and silicate rock (allogenic water in a non-karst area). The relationship ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr versus Sr²⁺/[K⁺?+?Na⁺] shows that the anthropogenic inputs also obviously contribute to the Sr contents. The research results show that the karst groundwater in Chongqing is facing serious crisis of water quality, and needs to be protected further.     

纤维水镁石的环境安全性研究

纤维水镁石的环境安全性研究＊董发勤万朴周开灿（西南工学院，绵阳６２１００２）刘杰罗素琼＊＊（陕南石棉矿，陕西宁强７２４４０１）（华西医科大学，成都６１００４４）关键词纤维水镁石环境矿物粉尘安全评估由于大量纤维日益广泛地应用于众多的工业领域，非职业接触...     

Study of the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P deposits in a sodium chloride medium

The corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P deposits with phosphorous contents from 12% to 14% in sodium chloride solutions was studied. The deposits were immersed in 3.5% NaCl solutions for 29 d to obtain the electrochemical parameters and were examined in a standard salt spray test for 15 d respectively. The corrosion resistance of the deposits was studied by poten- tio-dynamic scan, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cold-field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX). The patterns of XRD and the results of FE-SEM showed that the prepared deposits were amorphous. But after a 15 d standard salt spray test, a few pinholes appeared on the surface of the deposit and the weight content of phosphorus on the surface of the deposit was higher (which was beneficial to the formation of the passivation films) than that before the standard salt spray test when the nickel content was lower because the dissolved weight of nickel was greater than that of phosphorus. The results from potentio-dynamic scan and EIS showed that passivation films formed on the Ni-P deposit after immersion in the NaCl solutions, which decreased the corrosion rate of Ni-P samples. The results of this work show their potential applications in marine corrosion.     

0604号强热带风暴碧利斯对云南的影响及维持机制

应用MICAPS资料及FY-2C卫星云图,通过天气分析与诊断分析,探讨了0604号强热带风暴碧利斯路径西偏南的原因,对造成云南的暴雨过程进行了分析并研究了这次登陆强热带风暴长久维持不消的物理机制。结果表明:黄海副高南落加强西伸与大陆高压合并加强,高压南侧东北风的牵引作用,是"碧利斯"路径西偏南的主要原因;"碧利斯"造成的云南强降水落区分布在热带低压倒槽前东北风急流区内水汽辐合中心区域,并且与700hPa湿Q矢量辐合区对应较好,热带低压影响期间,大气曾具有湿中性垂直运动结构,具备有利于暴雨系统发展的环境条件;"碧利斯"登陆后长时间和一支深厚的西南急流保持联结,是其长久维持不消的主要因素。西南季风云系卷入热带低压,增强了热带低压的水汽和能量输入,是热带低压得以长久维持并造成云南强降水的另一重要原因。南亚高压在热带低压活动期间增强,高层辐散场的增强,低层辐合、高层辐散的结构,与西南急流相联系的垂直正涡度的维持,有利于热带低压的维持,登陆后的热带低压有向高空强辐散区方向移动的趋势。     

多普勒雷达数值产品在火箭增雨效果分析中的应用

采用新一代多普勒雷达基本数据和二次产品对2004-2005年大连地区实施火箭增雨作业的31个作业个例进行了统计分析,总结出利用雷达实时指挥作业其雷达回波几个主要参数随时间的变化规律。分析结果表明,对不同类型云作业后云体回波强度、垂直积分液态水含量均随时间增大,且最大值均出现在作业后20-30 min左右;回波顶高却产生了不同的变化特征,即积层混合云作业后顶高随时间增高,层状云顶高则出现先下降再增高的变化。该分析结果对采用雷达进行效果分析,科学选择再作业时机,充分开发空中云水资源具有实际的指导意义。     

Changes of Monsoonal Temperate Glaciers in China during the Past Several Decades under the Background of Global Warming

Based on various data,it can be concluded that eight monsoonal temperate glaciers in China were in stationary or ad-vancing between 1900s~1930s and 1960s~1980s,and were in retreating during 1930s~1960s and 1980s~present under the background of climate warming.The total glacier area has reduced by 3.11 km2 with a mean front altitude rise of 3.2 m/yr and 4 glaciers have disappeared in Mt.Yulong during 1957~1999.Mass balance records indicated that glaciers had suf-fered a constant mass loss of snow and ice during the last several decades,and the accumulated mass balance in Hailuogou basin in Mt.Gongga was 10.83 m water equivalent in the past 45 years with a annual mean value of-0.24 m,and the value at Baishui glacier No.1 was-11.38 m water equivalent in the past 52 years with-0.22 m/yr.The inverse variation between mass balance and temperature in China and the Northern Hemisphere reflected that climate warming is mainly corresponding to constant ice and snow mass loss in the past 50 years.The change of the glaciers’ surface mor-phology has occurred since the 1980s,such as enlargement of glacier-lake and ice falls,resulted from the accelrative cli-mate warming.     

我国首次发现的硅钾铀矿

硅钾铀矿属罕见的次生铀矿物,1986年我国首次发现于甘肃龙首山铀矿床氧化。带。对该矿物进行了多种测试工作。矿物为层状结构的铀酰硅酸盐矿物。晶胞参数a=6.62,b=7.03,c=7.06,β=105.2°。化学式:(K_(0·58) Na_(0·33)0.91(H_3O)[UO_2SiO_4]·0.8H_2O     

矿物纤维粉尘表面及体内外安全性评估研究

本项目探讨了天然纤维材料的表面化学活性—生物活性—生物持久性、生物毒性—环境安全性,试图寻求工业矿物、环境医学、材料价值的联合评估。研究工作对生物大分子静电配合物和阳离子配合物形成,对带电粉尘及其出溶阳离子的行为、粉尘及其衍生物与体液、细胞膜、胞内物质作用方式与细胞代谢有重要意义;也为粉尘毒性的可改造性及工业矿物纤维的安全处理提供了有效的途径;对阐明氨基酸蛋白质膜功能与结构,以及含有外露蛋白质的其它机体单元的粉尘溶解、反应、配合与破坏;粉尘中的硅成分在体内的残留、溶解、运移方式、硅肺的治疗和…     

矿物—氨基酸水溶液的表面离子化及溶解作用研究

在矿物－氨基酸－水组成的多相体系中，矿物在氨基酸中的溶解作用是一个复杂的过程，其矿物的成分、结构和表面离子化是影响矿物溶解和络合的重要因素。水镁石、纤蛇纹石、硅灰石由于表面羟基化，在氨基酸水溶液中有较高的溶解度，溶解以配合作用为主；坡缕石、海泡石层状硅酸盐矿物表面羟基化作用较弱，与氨基酸的作用为配合作用和吸附作用并存，以后者为主；沸石矿物则以吸附作用为主。在中性氨基酸水溶液中，矿物的溶解度大小为：水镁石＞纤蛇纹石＞硅灰石＞海泡石＞坡缕石＞斜发沸石。