Isolation and characterization of a fucoidan-degrading bacterium from Laminaria japonica

Fucoidan, a polysaccharide containing abundant fucose and sulfate ester group, was prepared from Laminaria japonica. In order to obtain fucoidan-degrading enzyme, bacteria capable of degrading fucoidan were screened from kelp. A bacterial strain named RC2-3 was obtained, which degraded fucoidan by the maximum extent of 54% ± 1.3%, the highest among all bacterial isolates. High-performance size exclusion chromatography(HPSEC) showed that the molecular weight of fucoidan was gradually reduced by RC2-3 with culturing time, suggesting the production of fucoidan-degrading enzyme by RC2-3. Phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene(16S rDNA) sequence showed that RC2-3 belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae. However, it showed different physiological and biochemical characteristics from the known Flavobacteriaceae members producing fucoidan-degrading enzyme, thus RC2-3 was proposed to be a new member of this family.     

Trends in evaporation of a large subtropical lake

In order to further investigate the capability of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to identify flood/drought events, monthly precipitation data from 26 precipitation stations and monthly discharge data from four hydrological stations from 1960 to 2006 in the Minjiang River basin were used to analyze the correlations between multiple time scales of the SPI and river discharge. The SPI series that had a maximum correlation with discharge was chosen to detect flood/drought events in the basin, and the results were compared to historical flood/drought events. The results indicated the following. (1) High Pearson correlations between the SPI and discharge were identified at shorter time scales (1 to 3 months), and the maximum correlation was found on the time scale of 2 months. (2) Five floods among the six largest historical flood events in the Minjiang River basin were identified with the 2-month SPI, but the SPI does have shortcomings in identifying more general floods. The SPI also identified major drought events that were consistent with historical data. This demonstrates that the 2-month SPI is an effective indicator for the identification of major flood/drought events in the Minjiang River basin.     

原生晕分带序列研究方法综述

分带性是原生晕的最重要特征，分带指数法是应用最为广泛的计算轴向分带序列的方法之一，针对该方法中存在的缺陷，提出了多种新的方法，重心法以每个元素异常浓集重心的空间位置排出分带序列，同时适用于轴向分带和横向分带序列的计算，克服了其它方法中存在的缺陷，是一个很有应用前景的方法。     

鸡西煤田城子河组找煤方向

鸡西煤田面临严峻的资源接替问题。以煤田探采、地震及野外勘查资料为基础,对区内煤层分布规律,盆地构造演化对煤层聚集与改造的控制作用及找煤方向进行了研究。分析认为：城子河组煤层的聚集和保存受箕状断陷的形成和演化影响较大;平面上南北两个向斜的北翼和盆地东部是煤层聚集和保存较好的区域;剖面上城子河组可采煤层主要发育于该组中下部的低水位体系域和水进体系域;位于区内南部向斜北翼的玄武岩覆盖区域有较好的煤层保存。     

黑龙江鸡西含煤盆地早白垩世生物地层研究新进展

近年来鸡西含煤盆地早白垩世海相沟鞭藻及早期被子植物化石的不断发现,为确认了河组及其下伏滴组、上覆穆棱组的时代属早白垩世提供了重要的依据。通过海相及海陆交互相生物地层研究,恢复晚中生代黑龙江省东部古地理格局,为扩大找煤远景等提供了新的基础资料。     

中国海域前新生代地层分布及其油气勘查方向

经过60年的油气调查与勘探,随着中国近海新生代盆地的勘探程度不断提高,油气发现难度逐渐加大,海洋油气勘探新领域的开拓成为当务之急。近年来的调查与勘探发现,中国海域前新生代盆地残留地层具有如下特征：① 厚度大,一般为4000～6000 m,最大厚度超过9000 m;② 分布广,有渤海、北黄海、南黄海、东海-南海北部和南海南部5大分布区;③ 存在新元古界、下古生界、上古生界、中生界“下部层系”、中生界“中部层系”和中生界“上部层系”6套地层;④ 可划分东海-南海型和渤海-黄海型两类层型结构,前者仅由“单一”的中生代地层组成,后者由新元古界-古生界-中生界“叠合”构成;⑤ 发育下寒武统、下志留统、石炭系、二叠系、侏罗系和白垩系6套烃源岩,其中下寒武统、下志留统和二叠系烃源岩有机质丰度高,侏罗系烃源岩分布最广;⑥ 具有孔隙型、裂缝改造型和风化壳型3类储层,其中,孔隙型储层包括白云岩、礁滩相碳酸盐岩和砂岩储层,裂缝型储层与大型断裂带和挤压构造带伴生,风化壳储层可分前寒武系变质岩和混合花岗岩、古生代碳酸盐岩、中生代火山岩以及花岗岩、中生代碎屑岩4亚类,其物性及分布主要受构造作用、风化淋滤作用和埋藏条件3种因素控制;⑦ 具备“古生古储”、“古生中储”、“古生新储”、“中生中储”、“中生新储”和“上生下储”6类成藏组合。综合分析认为：中国海域前新生界油气前景广阔,南黄海海相中-古生界、东海南部-南海北部海域中生界、新生代富生烃凹陷内的潜山是中国海洋油气下一步勘查方向;北黄海盆地坳陷区的中生界和渤海海域的前新生界“自生自储”油气藏值得重视。     

波浪作用下含软弱夹层岩质边坡失稳理论

长江三峡大坝蓄水后,水位将达到175m,而平时水面浪高预计将达到1m,因此波浪对岩质边坡稳定性能的影响已不能忽略。本文通过对含应变弱化介质夹层岩质边坡在波浪作用下的力学分析,提出波浪扰动下位移累积引起的夹层介质弱化和时间累积是影响边坡稳定的主要原因,最后得出考虑波浪作用时间因素的稳定性评价方程。     

黄河沙量记录与黄土高原侵蚀

龙门黄河沙量记录研究揭示,黄土高原黄土的侵蚀现象是我国脆弱的黄土环境中出现的一种天然环境地质过程。在年际时间尺度上,其侵蚀强度表现出明显的脉动特征,且与太阳黑子活动周期有密切关系。迄今黄土高原上的人为经济活动并未明显加速这一侵蚀过程或改变它的脉动特征,因而人为活动不是支配黄土高原黄土侵蚀的主导因素。