FRAMEWORKS FOR GENERALIZATION CONSTRAINTS AND OPERATIONS BASED ON OBJECT-ORIENTED DATA STRUCTURE IN DATABASE GENERALIZATION

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤａｔａｂａｓｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄａｓｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆａｓｐａｔｉａｌｄａｔａｂａｓｅｆｒｏｍｈｉｇｈｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ (ｗｉｔｈｍｏｒｅｄｅｔａｉｌ)ｔｏａｌｏｗｅｒｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ (ｗｉｔｈｌｅｓｓｄｅｔａｉｌ)ｔｅｒｒａｉｎｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ(Ｍｏｌｅｎａａｒ ,1 996 ) .Ｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｗｏｒｄｓ ,ｔｈｉｓｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａ ｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｅｅｍｅｄａｓｃｈａｎｇｉｎ…     

Enhancing group resolution of TM6 based on multi-variate regression model and semi-variogram function

［1］Castleman K R.Digital image processing.Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,1996 ［2］Carr J R,Miranda F P.Spectral and texture classification of single and multiple band images.Computers & Geosciences,1996,22(8):849～865 ［3］Chen S P,Zhen W.Conciseness of remote sensing mineral resources exploration.Science and Technology Publishing House,1994(in Chinese) ［4］Costanitini M,Farina A,Zirilli F.The fusion of different resolution of SAR images.Proceeding of IEEE,1997,85(1):139～146 ［5］Dong Q,Fang H L.The use of variogram in remotely sensed images.Journal of Remote Sensing and Application,1997,12(1):7～13(in Chinese) ［6］De Jong S M,Burrongh P A.A fractal approach to the classification of Mediterranean vegetation types in remotely sensed images.PE & RS,1995(61):1 041～1 053 ［7］Fang H L,Qian G H.Fusion of ADEOS-AVNIR panchromatic and multispectral image data using principle component analysis.Journal of Remote Sensing and Application,1998,13(3):48～53(in Chinese) ［8］Franklin S E,Wulder M A,Lavigne M B.Automated derivation of geographic window size for use in remote sensing digital image texture analysis.Computers & Geosciences,1996,22(6):665～673 ［9］He J G,Zhu C G.Methods for data fusion between satellite-boarded SAR and multi-satellite remote sensing.Journal of Earth-science Information,1997 (16):29～33(in Chinese) ［10］Jia Y H.A data fusion method for spatial resolution enhancement of remotely sensed multi-spectral images.Journal of Remote Sensing and Application,1997,12(1):19～33(in Chinese) ［11］Jin G L,Qiu Z C.A research on information amount of multi-spectral images.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,1992,21(2):101～107(in Chinese) ［12］Kang Y H.Theories of data fusion.Xi‘an:Xi‘an Electronic University Press,1997(in Chinese) ［13］Li H,et al. Multi-sensor image fusion using the wavelet transform.Graphical Models and Image Processing,1995,27(3):235～244 ［14］Liu J G.Digital image processing of remotely sensed imagery data.Imperial College of Science,Technology and Medicine,1997 ［15］Liu J G,McM J.Moore:Pixel block intensity modulation: adding spatial detail to TM band 6 thermal imagery.Int.J.Remote sensing,1998,19(13):2 477～2 491 ［16］Lou Z,Zhu C G.Multi-variate statistics fusion of TM images.Journal of Aero-computational Technology,1998,28(3):40～42(in Chinese) ［17］Peng W N.Statistical methods for geo-data processing.Wuhan:Wuhan College of Geology,1983(in Chinese) ［18］Richard J R.Remote sensing digital image processing.an introduction,Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1999 ［19］Wang R S.Image understanding.Changsha:National Defense University Press,1995(in Chinese) ［20］Winkler G.Image analysis.Random Fields and Dynamic Monte Carlo Methods (A Mathematical Introduction),Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1995     

A HYBRID THINNING ALGORITHM FOR BINARY TOPOGRAPHY MAP

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｔｈｉｎｎｉｎｇｏｆｂｉｎａｒｙｉｍａｇｅｓｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｉｎｉｍａｇｅｓｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ .Ｉｔｉｓｏｆｔｅｎｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｘｔｒａｃｔｔｈｅｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｓｏｆｂｉｎａｒｙｉｍａｇｅｓｆｏｒｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚ ｉｎｇｂｉｎａｒｙｏｂｊｅｃｔｓ .Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｍａｐｄｉｇｉｔｉｚｉｎｇ ,ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ ,ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｉｍａｇｅｓａｎｄｓｏｏｎ .Ｔ…     

Burial history and thermal evolution of Westphalian coal-bearing strata in the Campine Basin (NE Belgium)

A 1D-modelling program has been applied to reconstruct the burial and thermal histories of two exploration boreholes, KB172 and KB174, located in the Campine Basin. The results show differences in geological histories. The coalification of the Westphalian A and B strata in KB174 (0.66–0.98% R_o) was pre-Permian. Calculated maximum temperatures, based on borehole data and vitrinite reflectance, regional thicknesses and a heat flow of 84 mW/m² during the Late Westphalian, range from 110 °C at the top to 175 °C at the bottom of the Westphalian cored in this borehole. The high coalification (0.85–1.30% R_o) of the Westphalian C and D strata in KB172 could be the result of the deposition of 2500 m of Upper Permian to Middle Jurassic sediments in combination with elevated heat flows (71–80 mW/m²). Two coalification periods, i.e. Late Westphalian and Middle Jurassic, are suggested for this borehole. The simulated maximum temperatures range from 130 °C at the top to 175 °C at the bottom of the investigated Westphalian C and D. The differences in the burial and thermal histories of both boreholes can be related to the activity of the transversal Donderslag Fault, a major structural element in the Campine coalfield, and the Roer Valley Graben.     

An automatic cycle-slip processing method and its precision analysis

IntroductionIn the applications of GPS positioning, orbit de-termination or navigation, carrier phase and pseu-do-range are two main measurements. Among oth-ers, pseudo-range is free to ambiguity and cycle-slip, and simply computing, but with lowmeasure-m…     

Incorporation of metalliferous sediments from historic mining into river floodplains

Rivers and their floodplains are dynamic systems, sediments are continually added to floodplain surfaces, while erosion and scour may remove sediments to be added to floodplains further downstream. When mining sediments were introduced into some catchments in Britain as ore deposits were exploited, river channels and floodplains were grossly polluted with metals. The legacy of this uncontrolled release of contaminants is apparent still, and contemporary channel deposits are enriched in metals. While the floodplains acted as a buffer to the dispersal of metals straight through the catchment, metals are still being released hundreds of years later as the floodplains are eroded and this secondary pollution of the river is a long-term problem.By studying a range of mining catchments, the effects of key variables on heavy metal dispersal in the fluvial environment can be assessed. As no single catchment displays the whole array of possible situations, a mosaic of case studies from several areas provides a good representation of potential conditions.     

A model, study on seasonal spatial-temporal variability of the Lagrangian Residual Circulations in the Bohai Sea

1 IntroductionThe BohaiSea is a sem i-closed shallow sea w ith a m ean depth ofaround 20 m ,com posed oftheLiaodong Bay,the BohaiBay,the Laizhou Bay and the BohaiBasin,and connected to the N orthY ellow Sea through a latitudinal strait. The tidal dynam ic…     

Kinematics of diffuse elliptical galaxies

New observations show that most of the flattened diffuse elliptical (dE) galaxies are essentially isotropic rotators. This supports the idea that dEs have evolved from fast rotating dIrr systems or late-type spirals after their gas was expelled by SN-driven winds and stripped by ram pressure against the intergalactic medium. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Implementation of green productivity management in airline industry

Compilation and implementation of green productivity mechanism in each governmental and nongovernmental organization has several environmental, social and economic achievements.In this paper for management of green productivity in Iran Aseman Airline Company current situation are analyzed such as the consumption of energy, water, airplanes fuel and evaluating environmental pollutants. At the end of this study some applicable techniques for increasing the productivity and consideration of environmental aspects in this company are recommended. Maximum water consumption had been 7500 m3 in the year 2005 during August until September, the maximum of electricity consumption was 759300 kWh in the year 2004 during July until August, the maximum of natural gas consumption had been 83647 m³ in the year 2004 during Feb until March, Also averages of 661500 L of fuel were consumed in this company’s vehicles yearly and in the last nine month of the year 2005, amount of 60263155 liters of airplane fuel has been consumed.