利用TrackRT进行GPS实时动态形变监测研究

在相对实时动态定位软件TrackRT的基础上进行二次开发,完善了数据流实时传输与解码,并设计了两组模拟地面运动的观测实验,分别对TrackRT水平向和垂直向上的内外符合精度进行了评定。结果表明,在观测数据质量较好的情况下,实时定位水平分量精度优于2cm,垂向分量精度优于4cm。     

Exploring uncertainty in remotely sensed data with parallel coordinate plots

The existence of uncertainty in classified remotely sensed data necessitates the application of enhanced techniques for identifying and visualizing the various degrees of uncertainty. This paper, therefore, applies the multidimensional graphical data analysis technique of parallel coordinate plots (PCP) to visualize the uncertainty in Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data classified by the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM). The Landsat TM data are from the Yellow River Delta, Shandong Province, China. Image classification with MLC and FCM provides the probability vector and fuzzy membership vector of each pixel. Based on these vectors, the Shannon's entropy (S.E.) of each pixel is calculated. PCPs are then produced for each classification output. The PCP axes denote the posterior probability vector and fuzzy membership vector and two additional axes represent S.E. and the associated degree of uncertainty. The PCPs highlight the distribution of probability values of different land cover types for each pixel, and also reflect the status of pixels with different degrees of uncertainty. Brushing functionality is then added to PCP visualization in order to highlight selected pixels of interest. This not only reduces the visualization uncertainty, but also provides invaluable information on the positional and spectral characteristics of targeted pixels.     

Impact of GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases on satellite clock corrections

GLONASS carrier phase and pseudorange observations suffer from inter-channel biases (ICBs) because of frequency division multiple access (FDMA). Therefore, we analyze the effect of GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases on the GLONASS clock corrections. Different Analysis Centers (AC) eliminate the impact of GLONASS pseudorange ICBs in different ways. This leads to significant differences in the satellite and AC-specific offsets in the GLONASS clock corrections. Satellite and AC-specific offset differences are strongly correlated with frequency. Furthermore, the GLONASS pseudorange ICBs also leads to day-boundary jumps in the GLONASS clock corrections for the same analysis center between adjacent days. This in turn will influence the accuracy of the combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning (PPP) at the day-boundary. To solve these problems, a GNSS clock correction combination method based on the Kalman filter is proposed. During the combination, the AC-specific offsets and the satellite and AC-specific offsets can be estimated. The test results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed clock combination method. The combined clock corrections can effectively weaken the influence of clock day-boundary jumps on combined GPS/GLONASS kinematic PPP. Furthermore, these combined clock corrections can improve the accuracy of the combined GPS/GLONASS static PPP single-day solutions when compared to the accuracy of each analysis center alone.     

北京近年地面沉降监测研究

北京地面沉降较为严重,对地面沉降进行科学及时的监测非常重要.本文利用北京市2006年～2012年第101日～110日的14个GPS站点观测资料,借助GAMIT/GLOBK高精度GPS处理软件,解算得到各个GPS站点的垂向分量.在此基础上分析2006年～2012年期间的北京地面沉降变化特征,并结合2006年～2011年北京水资源公报,对地面沉降与地下水情况进行了分析讨论.总体而言,北京市2006年～2012年期间各GPS站点地面沉降变化趋势与所在行政区地下水埋深变化基本一致.     

利用小波分解重构提取高频GPS数据静态永久性变形

研究了利用小波分解重构提取高频GPS数据静态永久性变形的方法。通过对El Mayor-Cucapah地震和东日本大地震两次地震高频GPS数据的处理和分析表明,PPP模式处理的高频GPS数据能够获取和强震仪相近的短周期强运动位移信息,并且保留了静态永久性变形信息;利用小波分解重构可以高精度地估计高频GPS动态位移中的静态永久性变形,有效区分主震和余震造成的静态永久性变形以及震后蠕滑位移。     

基于三维GIS的海洋标量场数据动态可视化

针对海洋标量场数据的多维、多格式、动态性等特点,设计了基于NetCDF的海洋标量数据通用数据模型,详细阐述了模型的存储格式及其特点。基于三维GIS场景,构建了标量场多维动态渲染模型,探讨了基于几何对象的海洋标量场数据多维可视化方法,实现了海洋标量数据的直观、多维、动态可视化表达。技术试验表明,该方法高效、可行,可为其它海洋环境要素数据的可视化与分析提供技术借鉴。     

高分辨率遥感影像主干道路提取的感知编组方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像的道路提取受"同物异谱、同谱异物"干扰的问题,该文提出一种基于感知编组的高分辨率遥感影像主干道路自动提取方法:首先,使用Line Segment Detector算法提取影像中直线段信息。然后,利用高分辨率遥感影像上的道路几何特征对直线段进行感知编组;最后,经过长度约束得到道路信息。使用两景影像进行了主干道路提取实验。实验结果表明,两个实验中主干道路提取的完整率、正确率和检测质量都在96%以上。     

一种基于元规则的地理国情普查元数据时间顺序自动检查方法

元数据作为地理国情普查的重要组成部分,其数据质量决定整个作业流程的可靠性,而元数据的时间顺序检查一直没有自动高效的方法。根据第一次全国地理国情普查对元数据的具体要求,本文提出一种高效准确的检查方法,并得到实践检验,可为地理国情普查质检工作提供技术参考。     

基于权重与混合模型的遥感图像分类方法研究

提出了一种基于权重与混合像元模型的遥感图像分类方法。该方法在现有光谱混合模型的基础上,根据实际应用需要确定地类权重,通过地类丰度与权重因子加权平均确定像元的隶属类型,从而实现遥感图像分类。以SPOT-5土地覆盖遥感分类为例,对权重与混合像元模型结合的图像分类方法进行了验证,结果表明,该方法提高了遥感图像分类精度,在一定条件下更具实际意义。     

利用测日实现快速天文定向

介绍了天文方位角测量原理,给出了实用的计算太阳视位置的方法;研究了在白天恒星无法应用的情况下,利用电子经纬仪测日进行快速天文定向及方位角测量,给出了具体的实施方法及数据解算过程,并对实际测量数据进行了精度分析。