头足类视觉特性的电生理研究 Ⅰ.无针乌贼视网膜电图的特性

乌贼是重要的海洋水产资源之一,对其视觉特性的研究在理论上和实践上显然都有一定的意义。视网膜电图(ERG)作为网膜的综合电活动是反映视觉特性的一个良好指标。乌贼的ERG的特性至今缺乏系统的研究。本文对其ERG的波形和适应特性作了较详细的描述。续文将报导对ERG的光谱敏感性的分析。     

A type of new conserved quantity deduced from Mei symmetry for Appell equations in a holonomic system with unilateral constraints

A type of new conserved quantity deduced from Mei symmetry of Appell equations for a holonomic system with unilateral constraints is investigated. The expressions of new structural equation and new conserved quantity deduced from Mei symmetry of Appell equations for a holonomic system with unilateral constraints expressed by Appell functions are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Composition and ecological distribution of ichthyoplankton in eastern Beibu Gulf

Surveys were conducted in four seasons in the eastern Beibu Gulf from July 2006 to November 2007,to determine the ichthyoplankton composition,abundance,as well as environmental factors impacted on their spatiotemporal distributions.The fish eggs and larvae were sorted from 303 zooplankton quantitative samples,in which at least 1 order,60 families,31 genera and 61 species of fish eggs and larvae were identified.The species number was highest in summer whereas lowest in winter.With the most abundant fish egg (the average density was 2.41 ind./m 3),spring was the main spawning season,while the greatest mean density of fish larva was 1.35 ind./m 3 in summer.In the whole year around,fish eggs had the trends to aggregate in the nearshore of Guangxi coast,fish larvae were more abundant in the northern water.Relationships between fish eggs and larvae abundance and environmental factors were analyzed by using the Yield-Density model.The spatiotemporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in eastern Beibu Gulf was closely related to the Chl a concentration,and the optimal temperature,salinity and Chl a were 19.4-21.7 C,31.8-33.1 and 1.5-4.8 mg/m 3,respectively.Additionally,the distribution of fish larvae could be effected by ocean currents in summer and autumn.     

An Improved Perturbation Mechanism for Simulated Annealing Simulation

Simulated annealing (SA) is being increasingly used for the generation of stochastic models of spatial phenomena because of its flexibility to integrate data of diverse types and scales. The major shortcoming of SA is the extensive CPU requirements. We present a perturbation mechanism that significantly improves the CPU speed. Two conventional perturbation mechanisms are to (1) randomly select two locations and swap their attribute values, or (2) visit a randomly selected location and draw a new value from the global histogram. The proposed perturbation mechanism is a modification of option 2: each candidate value is drawn from a local conditional distribution built with a template of kriging weights rather than from the global distribution. This results in accepting more perturbations and in perturbations that improve the variogram reproduction for short scale lags. We document the new method, the increased convergence speed, and the improved variogram reproduction. Implementation details of the method such as the size of the local neighborhood are considered.     

Efficient generation of conditional simulations by chebyshev matrix polynomial approximations to the symmetric square root of the covariance matrix

Consider the problem of generating a realization y₁ of a Gaussian random field on a dense grid of points ₁ conditioned on field observations y₂ collected on a sparse grid of points ₂. An approach to this is to generate first an unconditional realization y over the grid =_{1 2}, and then to produce y₁ by conditioning y on the data y₂. As standard methods for generating y, such as the turning bands, spectral or Cholesky approaches can have various limitations, it has been proposed by M. W. Davis to generate realizations from a matrix polynomial approximations to the square root of the covariance matrix. In this paper we describe how to generate a direct approximation to the conditional realization y₁, on ₁ using a variant of Davis' approach based on approximation by Chebyshev polynomials. The resulting algorithm is simple to implement, numerically stable, and bounds on the approximation error are readily available. Furthermore we show that the conditional realization y₁ can be generated directly with a lower order polynomial than the unconditional realization y, and that further reductions can be achieved by exploiting a nugget effect if one is present. A pseudocode version of the algorithm is provided that can be implemented using the fast Fourier transform if the field is stationary and the grid ₁ is rectangular. Finally, numerical illustrations are given of the algorithm's performance in generating various 2-D realizations of conditional processes on large sampling grids.     

湘西保靖县塘口湾水库岩溶渗漏分析

库区可能渗漏的岩溶形态,特别是岩溶负向形态的观测、钻孔和跨孔电磁波透视及CT层析成像揭示,库区的岩溶渗漏途径有所不同。根据控岩断裂的分布、岩溶发育强度和渗漏途径的变化特征,归纳为3种岩溶渗漏类型(方式): 断裂裂隙间溶裂系统(缝)渗漏,多发生在页岩与碳酸盐岩界面附近;小型溶隙(缝)孔洞渗漏,集中在500m 高程段上下;洞穴复合系统渗漏,主要在510m 高程上下。库区岩溶渗漏严重性由下而上增强。      

样品前处理过程中多环芳烃的稳定碳同位素分馏

利用多环芳烃标准样品连续和穿插进样相结合的方式,检验了气相色谱-燃烧-同位素比质谱仪(GC-C-IRMS)测定多环芳烃单体碳同位素比值(δ13C)的稳定性和准确性,观察了测定过程中色谱柱的分离效果。结果表明,出峰面积和分离程度是影响化合物δ13C平行性的主要原因。通过多次实验,分析了样品前处理过程中多环芳烃各个化合物稳定碳同位素的分馏情况,包括凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和硅胶柱等净化过程,以及旋转蒸发和氮气吹扫等浓缩过程。实验表明,各前处理过程中样品内多环芳烃的稳定碳同位素分馏均不明显,其中硅胶柱净化过程相比GPC过程对样品中多环芳烃的δ13C影响较大,但总体上仍未超过未处理标样δ13C值的2倍标准偏差范围。旋转蒸发和氮吹过程对样品中多环芳烃的δ13C影响程度相当,都位于未处理标样δ13C值1倍标准偏差以内的水平。     

闽粤台沿海北西西向最新构造带与大震构造背景

闽粤台沿海自台湾运动以来逐渐形成了多条北西西向隆起—拗陷的最新活动构造带,与已知的北东—北北东向隆起、拗陷带构成了区域性镶嵌构造格局。 研究区内除板块相互碰撞、俯冲及上地幔物质上涌形成大震构造背景外,莫霍面隆起或隆起断距大、低速层厚、地壳变薄、近两、三千年地表抬升差异活动显著以及台东近海有北西西向构造活动等,也都是发生大震的重要构造背景     

旋挖钻机聚合物泥浆施工技术浅探

通过对聚合物泥浆护壁机理的分析,简要叙述了聚合物泥浆的性能特点,为在旋挖钻孔工艺中应用聚合物泥浆,总结了聚合物泥浆的制备、回收、净化、排放方法,优化了施工时泥浆循环系统的布置方案。结合工程实践,指出了旋挖钻进时应注意的问题和对一些易出现问题的处理方法,对旋挖钻机应用聚合物泥浆施工时具有一定的指导意义。     

未来海平面上升对厦门海滩侵蚀的测算

本文通过波浪计算和理论海滩剖面方程的拟合,以Ｂｒｕｕｎ模式为基础,根据Ｅｖｅｒｔｓ剖面积分方法,测算了厦门厦门大学海滨浴场、鼓浪屿港 仔后海滨浴场沙滩未来１００ａ海平面上升引起的海滩后退量值。与此同时,计算了Ｂｒｕｕｎ模式的结果。计算结果表明,两处海滨浴 滩的后退值分别为１４．８１和１３．９５ｍ与Ｂｒｕｕｎ模式的结果相当接近。