自转对恒星物理量的影响

自转本身是恒星的基本物理量之一，同时影响恒星的其它许多物物量，包括对恒星半径、形状和体积的影响；对光度、包指数、谱线轮廓、等值宽度、偏振度等观测量的影响；对引力加速度、元素丰度的影响；对恒星内部结构，如中心压力、温度、密度的影响。这些将会影响到恒星在Ｈ—Ｒ图上的位置，演化路径以及年龄和寿命等。因此，无论是理论模型还是实测研究，对自转快的恒星应该进行自转影响的修正。     

三峡水库汛期分期的变点分析方法研究

介绍了变点分析理论，结合三峡水库汛期的分期，阐述了均值变点、概率变点的理论与分析方法。采用宜昌站1882-2001年实测日流量资料，用均值变点分析方法对汛期每日最大洪峰构成的时间序列进行分期；同时选择一定的阈值，在假定发生概率服从二项分布的条件下，应用概率变点分析方法进行分期，最后给出了三峡水库汛期的分期方式。经比较表明，变点分析理论应用于汛期分期中，能反映来水的基本规律，具有一定的应用价值；但从理论上以及防洪的角度来讲，概率变点分析方法较均值变点方法更适于水库汛期的分期计算。     

滇西羊拉铜矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究

滇西羊拉铜矿是近年来发现的大型铜矿床。作者系统地研究了该矿床的Ｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｃ、Ｏ、Ｓｉ同位素组成,研究表明该矿床不同矿石的硫同位素组成变化范围一致,其平均值靠近零值且具有塔式分布特征,表明硫来源于上地幔或岩浆作用;该矿床矿石中方解石的Ｃ、Ｏ同位素组成与矿区大理岩的Ｃ、Ｏ同位素组成明显不同,其δ＾１３Ｃ（ＰＤＢ）为－３．２７‰～－４．８９‰,与土地幔射气及岩浆作用形成的ＣＯ２的碳同位素组成一致,因此矿石中方解石中碳亦来源于土地幔射气或岩浆作用;铜同位素特征表明早期热水沉积形成的块状硫化物矿石铅主要来源于上地壳,而中晚期形成的夕卡岩型矿石及蚀变破碎带型矿石的铅具有土地幔铅的特征。     

System identification of linear structures based on Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis. Part 1: normal modes

Based on the Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis, a method is proposed to identify multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) linear systems using measured free vibration time histories. For MDOF systems, the normal modes have been assumed to exist. In this method, the measured response data, which are polluted by noises, are first decomposed into modal responses using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) approach with intermittency criteria. Then, the Hilbert transform is applied to each modal response to obtain the instantaneous amplitude and phase angle time histories. A linear least‐square fit procedure is proposed to identify the natural frequency and damping ratio from the instantaneous amplitude and phase angle for each modal response. Based on a single measurement of the free vibration time history at one appropriate location, natural frequencies and damping ratios can be identified. When the responses at all degrees of freedom are measured, the mode shapes and the physical mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the structure can be determined. The applications of the proposed method are illustrated using three linear systems with different dynamic characteristics. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system identification method yields quite accurate results, and it offers a new and effective tool for the system identification of linear structures in which normal modes exist. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东昆仑造山带蛇绿岩矿物学特征及其岩石成因讨论

首次对东昆仑复合造山带不同时代蛇绿岩主要造岩矿物橄榄石、辉石、斜长石进行了系统的矿物化学研究 ,查明了不同蛇绿岩带在矿物成分上的差异 ,对清水泉蛇绿岩带和布青山蛇绿岩带单斜辉石、斜方辉石、斜长石进行了矿物稀土、微量元素的研究 ,阐明了矿物稀土、微量元素与全岩稀土、微量元素的关系 ,证明了在以辉石和橄榄石为主的橄辉岩中 ,单斜辉石的稀土元素基本上代表了全岩的稀土元素。根据地幔岩石中矿物成分特征 ,对不同蛇绿岩带地幔类型进行了讨论 ,并根据实测的辉石、斜长石分配系数 ,确定了清水泉蛇绿岩带玄武岩的部分熔融定量模拟     

Baltic Sea Level project with GPS

In order to study the Baltic Sea Level change and to unify national height systems a two week GPS campaign was performed in the region in Autumn 1990. Parties from Denmark, Finland, Germany, Poland and Sweden carried out GPS measurements at 26 tide gauges along the Baltic sea and 8 VLBI and SLR fiducial stations with baseline lengths ranging from 230 km to 1600 km. The observations were processed in the network mode with the Bernese version 3.3 software using orbit improvement techniques. To get rid of the scale error introduced by the ionospheric refraction from single-frequency data, the local models of the ionosphere were estimated using L4 observations. The tropospheric zenith corrections were also considered. The preliminary results show average root mean square (RMS) errors of about ±3 cm in the horizontal position and ±7 cm in the vertical position relative to the Potsdam SLR station in ITRF89 system. After transformation of the GPS results to geoid heights using the levelled heights, an absolute comparison with gravimetric geoid heights using the least squares modification of Stokes' formula (LSMS), the modified Molodensky and the NKG Scandinavian geoid 1989 (NGK-89) models gives a standard deviation of the difference of ±7cm to ±9cm for the NKG-89 model and of ±9cm to ±30cm for the LSMS and the modified Molodensky model. The Swedish height system is found to be about 8-37cm higher than those of the other Baltic countries for NKG-89 model.     

Calibration of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events in Xinjiang and its adjacent areas based on a Bayesian Kriging method

Correction maps of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events distributed in Xinjiang, China and its adjacent areas were established using a Bayesian Kriging method for the two seismic stations WMQ and MAK. The relationship between correction maps and variations of along-path features was analyzed and the validity of applying the cor- rection maps to improve performances of P/S discriminants for seismic discrimination was investigated. Results show that obtained correction maps can generally reflect event-station path effects upon corresponding P/S dis- criminants; and the correction of these effects could further reduce scatters of distance-corrected P/S measurements within earthquake and explosion populations as well as improve their discriminating performances if path effects are a significant factor of such scatters. For example, as corresponding Kriging correction map was applied, the misidentification rate of earthquakes by Pn(2~4 Hz)/Lg(2~4 Hz) at MAK was reduced from 16.3% to 5.2%.     

Analytical solution for two-phase flow in a wellbore using the drift-flux model

This paper presents analytical solutions for steady-state, compressible two-phase flow through a wellbore under isothermal conditions using the drift flux conceptual model. Although only applicable to highly idealized systems, the analytical solutions are useful for verifying numerical simulation capabilities that can handle much more complicated systems, and can be used in their own right for gaining insight about two-phase flow processes in wells. The analytical solutions are obtained by solving the mixture momentum equation of steady-state, two-phase flow with an assumption that the two phases are immiscible. These analytical solutions describe the steady-state behavior of two-phase flow in the wellbore, including profiles of phase saturation, phase velocities, and pressure gradients, as affected by the total mass flow rate, phase mass fraction, and drift velocity (i.e., the slip between two phases). Close matching between the analytical solutions and numerical solutions for a hypothetical CO₂ leakage problem as well as to field data from a CO₂ production well indicates that the analytical solution is capable of capturing the major features of steady-state two-phase flow through an open wellbore, and that the related assumptions and simplifications are justified for many actual systems. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of the analytical solution to evaluate how the bottomhole pressure in a well in which CO₂ is leaking upward responds to the mass flow rate of CO₂-water mixture.     

Application and Current Status of Geogas Prospecting in Concealed Uranium Deposits Exploration

The research achievements of geogas prospecting through the mechanisms of geogas prospecting and its applied research in the area of concealed uranium deposits prospecting were analyzed. Geogas prospecting is a new means of deeply concealed deposits exploration that started to develop gradually from the 1980s and is at an initial stage of research in concealed uranium deposits exploration. Furthermore, comments and suggestions were provided for following research work by summarizing the shortcomings and problems of current studies in this paper. A general upward micro-flow of geogas could carry the metal nanoparticles associated with ore body underground to the surface of earth to come into being anomaly halos of elements contents above the ore body, and with these anomaly halos, the relevant information of deeply concealed uranium deposits (or other classes of metal ore bodies) would be reflected. The depth that geogas measurement could achieve for prospecting concealed deposits under the covering layers is up to a thousand meter. Geogas prospecting can be used for investigating in small scales, surveying generally and in detail in big scales and locating the ore bodies. At the present stage, there are three primary under-mentioned problems in the studies of geogas prospecting: ①On the one hand, the researches of how mediums (covering layer) would affect the migration process of geogas are far from enough. On the other hand, appropriate mathematical theory models have not been set up yet. ②In China, there are currently few accurate and practical physical models for geogas prospecting to carry out controllable and repetitive series experiments as well as theoretical studies. It is essential that an appropriate physical model should be established timely in order to provide an experimental platform and a kind of technical assistance for the mechanism study of geogas prospecting. ③To achieve the aim of popularizing the geogas prospecting in the uranium exploration area, the research of trapping solution and sampling and measuring methods should be further developed and the methods of rapid geogas in-site measuring which are suitable for various geologic structures of uranium deposits should be made reasonably to cater to the need of rapid and accurate field measurement.     

铜川雷电气候特征与形成机理分析

通过对铜川3个观测站1964-2003年40a雷电资料的统计分析,结果表明：铜川雷电呈中北多南部少的地域分布特征,中北部由于地形地貌原因常有雷电与大雾、大风交替出现的独特现象。雷电年际分布呈3峰2谷型,20世纪90年代中后期以来呈减少趋势;全年雷暴主要集中在5—9月,8月最多。雷电发生时500hPa高空环流形势有西北气流下的冷槽型、副热带高压脊后型、平直西风气流型、高空槽前型4种形势;低层850hPa上θse场中的暖湿舌、高能轴、钆锋区及气旋性流场均有利于雷电的发生。分析雷电的时空分布及环流特征为雷电的预测预报提供依据。