鉴定热处理琥珀的关键证据

在琥珀热处理实验研究的基础上,采用常规宝石学方法和红外光谱仪,测试并跟踪收集和对比分析了实验样品热处理前、后的宝石学参数和红外光谱的变化规律及琥珀内含物的演化、改造与破坏标识,并对获得的琥珀热处理效果进行了成因分析,从而总结出鉴定琥珀热处理的关键证据。研究结果表明：（1）折射率的增加、荧光的弱化或湮灭是热处理琥珀的重要佐证;（2）盘状裂隙、红色流纹、汽化纹、龟裂纹和氧化裂纹是热处理琥珀的重要标识;（3）FTIR光谱中I=2930cm-1/I=1735cm-1比值若≤1,可视为热处理琥珀的红外光谱指纹检测依据;（4）1735,1700cm-1处的羰基（C？O）伸缩振动与1260～1156cm-1处的C—O伸缩振动吸收强度的明显增强及多峰合并的趋势反映出热处理琥珀表面的热氧化反应;C？O浓度的增加可能是热处理琥珀红色的生色团,同时又是热处理琥珀荧光的淬灭剂。     

Speciation analysis of metals （Tl, Cd and Pb） in Tl-containing pyrite and its cinder from Yunfu Mine, China, by ICP-MS with sequential extraction

The speciation of heavy metals such as thallium, cadmium and lead existing in pyrite and pyrite cinder was analyzed by ICP-MS with a sequential extraction procedure. The distribution patterns of these metals including exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions were obtained. Tl, Cd and Pb in pyrite and pyrite cinder samples from each extraction step were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Under the optimized instrumental conditions, detection limits of Tl, Cd and Pb in different matrices were within the range of 0.006–0.07 μg/L, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.8% to 1.2%. The accuracy of Tl, Cd and Pb determination was checked by analyzing two certified reference materials. The results demonstrate that trace Tl, Cd and Pb in the samples can be accurately determined. The sequential extraction results revealed that the percent contents of Tl, Cd and Pb in exchangeable, reducible and oxidizable fractions in pyrite cinder are different from those in pyrite and in pyrite cinder. Tl, Cd and Pb mostly are distributed in residual fraction. Therefore, the mobility of metals in pyrite is higher than that in pyrite cinder. Although distributions of Tl, Cd and Pb in the non-residual fraction are not dominant in pyrite cinder, the total concentrations of them could not be ignored. Consequently, attention must be paid to the risk of potential pollution by pyrite cinder.     

工程桩静载试验确定PHC管桩承载力

以工程实例介绍静压管桩基础的设计承载力取值,采用先施工工程桩进行静载试验,以其结果反算单桩竖向承载力,结合桩的入土长度等给出应用于工程实际的单桩竖向承载力设计值(R)的方法,供同行借鉴。     

松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组介形虫群集性死亡事件成因

松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组发育含大量介形虫化石的介形虫层,介形虫层的单层厚约5～200cm。介形虫层具有低伽马、高电阻、低声波等测井响应特征。以测井资料识别介形虫层为基础,研究了介形虫层在平面上不同相带及其在纵向高频层序格架下的分布规律,探讨了介形虫群集性死亡的原因。介形虫层平面上主要分布在大庆、龙虎泡—红岗阶地、黑帝庙等环坳带,盆地东部相对不太发育,滨浅湖是介形虫生存的有利环境;纵向上主要分布在青一段上部及青二段。高频层序旋回控制了介形虫的繁殖与死亡,介形虫群集性死亡事件主要发生在基准面下降期间。介形虫的群集性死亡与湖泊面积扩大无关,更与海侵事件无关。基准面下降造成水体变浅、矿化度增高以及砂岩进入滨浅湖可能是导致介形虫群集性死亡的直接原因。     

Origin of the patchy emission pattern at the ZERT CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> release test

A numerical experiment was carried out to test whether the patchy CO₂ emission patterns observed at the Zero Emissions Research and Technology release facility are caused by the presence of packers that divide the horizontal injection well into six CO₂-injection zones. A three-dimensional model of the horizontal well and cobble–soil system was developed and simulations using TOUGH2/EOS7CA were carried out. Simulation results show patchy emissions for the seven-packer (six-injection-zone) configuration of the field test. Numerical experiments were then conducted for the cases of 24 packers (23 injection zones) and an effectively infinite number of packers. The time to surface breakthrough and the number of patches increased as the number of packers increased suggesting that packers and associated along-pipe flow are the origin of the patchy emissions. In addition, it was observed that early breakthrough occurs at locations where the horizontal well pipe is shallow and installed mostly in soil rather than the deeper cobble. In the cases where the pipe is installed at shallow depths and directly in the soil, higher pipe gas saturations occur than where the pipe is installed slightly deeper in the cobble. It is believed this is an effect mostly relevant to the model rather than the field system and arises through the influence of capillarity, permeability, and pipe elevation of the soil compared to the cobble adjacent to the pipe.     

强对流天气短时临近预报业务技术进展与挑战

强对流天气短时临近预报业务是国家防灾减灾、重大社会活动和精细化天气预报的迫切需要。虽然我国强对流天气短时临近预报业务已经取得了巨大进展,但与国外先进水平相比还有不少差距。本文总结了近年国内外强对流天气短时临近预报业务现状、技术进展、目前国内的技术支撑状况和所面临的挑战,并提出了相应的应对措施。目前强对流天气短时临近预报技术仍然主要是外推预报技术、数值预报技术和概念模型预报技术等,但快速更新循环的高时空分辨率数值模式预报和新一代静止气象卫星资料将在强对流天气短时临近预报中发挥重要作用。强对流天气监测、分析和机理研究是强对流天气短时临近预报的重要基础;先进的外推预报方法同快速更新循环的高时空分辨率数值模式预报以及二者的融合是未来强对流天气短时临近预报的重要发展方向。     

河南水灾变化及典型水灾年大气环流异常特征分析

利用河南1950-2007年的逐年水灾统计数据,对水灾年的时间特征进行分析,并对典型水灾年大气环流的异常特征进行分析,结果表明:在1950-2007年的58 a中,河南年年都出现水灾,全省水灾受灾面积66.7万hm2的有28年;66.7万hm2的有30年,约2年一遇;受灾面积133.3万hm2的有17年,约4年一遇;333.3万hm2的有4年,约15年一遇。在河南的典型水灾年,中高纬度的长波和南支系统都有很强的稳定性;亚洲中高纬阻塞形势非常明显,在西西伯利亚上空出现了强烈的偏北风分量,因而冷空气暴发南下非常频繁;副热带高压脊线在24°N左右,584 dgpm线呈西南东北走向,将来自孟加拉湾和南海的充沛水汽带到内陆。河南省正处于来自北方的冷空气和南支系统带来的暖湿气流交汇的区域,这是造成河南省出现严重水灾的主要原因。     

检纠错技术在嵌入式系统中的研究与应用

研究了目前数据传输、数据存储领域中广泛使用的CRC(循环冗余校验)以及RS码(Reed-Solomon码),在16位单片机环境中软件实现两种算法.并模拟出实际通信中信道的突发错误和随机错误,通过实验统计数据的方式比较两种检纠错算法,分析其在不同信道质量下的检纠错能力和对系统资源的消耗状况.系统通过简单的改造和移植就能成为其他嵌入式系统中的数据校验传输模块;同时为在构建特定信道环境下的嵌入式数据通讯系统时,选择合适的检纠错技术提供了理论和实验依据.     

对阿尔金断裂科学问题的再认识

据近年内阿尔金断裂研究的进展阐述了应深入解决的4个科学问题及其研究思路:1)阿尔金大型走滑断裂何时发生?变形年代学研究证明阿尔金断裂初始走滑的年龄在89～97 Ma,即从晚中生代-早新生代才开始出现;2)运动学研究包括隆升与走滑两个方面,需要进行大比例尺度的构造研究和变形组构研究,尤其是断裂两盘错距的确定,必须找准被断裂错移的同一构造-岩相带的界线;3)阿尔金断裂的划分意义,它的延伸和规模及对中国西部以及中亚大陆构造格架的影响;4)阿尔金断裂对两侧盆地沉积-构造演化的控制和影响.解决上述4个科学问题,对于重新认识中国西部大陆构造格架、中国西部成矿带的展布及对中国西部找油的战略评估都具有非常重要的意义.