水氡浓度和环境参数的分层神经网络研究

采用分层神经网络（LNN）分析地下水的氡浓度,试图给出氡浓度和环境参数之间的函数关系。由于环境（例如：降雨量）对水氡浓度的影响可能是非线性的,与目前时间脉冲响应线性计算方法相比,该方法能够较准确的估计环境参数造成的氡浓度变化。     

高压直流输电对泾县地震台地磁观测干扰分析

高压直流输电线路对地磁观测的干扰幅度大,随意性大.泾县地震台地磁观测目前受到附近穿行的多条高压直流输电影响,且无法避免.通过对泾县地震台观测资料分析,就高压直流输电对地磁观测的干扰原理和一些识别的方法有一定认识,并掌握有效剔除方法.     

建筑围护结构节能与防火体系构建

从围护结构节能与防火一体化思路出发,提倡钢筋混凝土结构保温一体化建筑体系和砌体结构保温一体化建筑体系;尤其主张在我国建筑工业化全面升级的基础上大力开发与推广保温型混凝土预制装配化技术,统一建筑模数,实现标准化与多样化;针对预制装配化保温型混凝土在梁、构造柱等容易出现的冷、热桥问题的部位,创新式提出以相变储能材料与建筑结构相融合来提高建这些部位的热工性能,减少温度梯度;从系统上做到保温与建筑同寿命、免维护、工序少,工期短、耐火等,从而真正实现低碳,构建建筑围护结构节能防火一体化建筑体系。     

Enhancement of biological productivity by internal waves: observations in the summertime in the northern South China Sea

Streaks of elevated concentrations of surface chlorophyll a (Chl_a) of various spacing were found to be associated with internal waves in their transmission zone and dissipation zone in the summertime in the deep open northern South China Sea. At an anchored station in the dissipation zone north of the Dongsha Atoll with a water depth of ca. 600?m, undulations of the mixed layer depth with an amplitude of ca. 30?m and a periodicity of ca. 12?h were observed, and they were accompanied by similar undulation in the isotherm and isopleth of the nutrients. These observations are consistent with the enhancement of vertical mixing by internal waves and the resulting transfer of cold, nutrient-rich subsurface water to the surface mixed layer to fuel biological productivity. In the transmission zone and dissipation zone, respectively, the summertime (May–October) average sea surface temperature was 0.5 and 0.8?°C lower and Chl_a was 19 and 43?% higher than those in a nearby subregion that was minimally affected by internal waves. The mean net primary productivity was elevated by 15 and 37?%. These results indicate that the enhancement of biological activity by internal waves is not confined to the shallow waters on the shelf. The effect can be detected in all phases of the internal waves although it may be especially prominent in the dissipation zone where mixing between subsurface and surface waters is more effective.     

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西安地铁隧道穿越饱和软黄土地段的地表沉降监测

以西安地铁一号线朝阳门站—康复路站区段饱和软黄土地铁隧道为研究对象,通过施工期现场地表沉降变形监测,分析了在饱和软黄土特殊地层条件下隧道浅埋暗挖法施工引起的该区段地表沉降变形规律以及地表沉降槽分布特征。结果表明:在饱和软黄土隧道开挖时,随着掌子面的推进,隧道顶地表沉降可分为沉降微小阶段、沉降显著发展阶段、沉降缓慢阶段和沉降稳定阶段;单线隧道开挖后的最大地表沉降量为18.89mm,双线隧道开挖后的最大地表沉降量为36.4mm;已开挖隧道对围岩土体的扰动作用使得后开挖隧道的地表沉降发展较大;双线隧道的地表沉降槽宽度接近单线隧道沉降槽宽度的2倍,因此可以将其近似为单线隧道地表沉降槽宽度与双线隧道轴线中点距离之和;单线隧道开挖后地表沉降槽宽度为8.4～9.3m,双线隧道开挖后地表沉降槽宽度为16.2～17.5m;隧道开挖施工的沉降槽宽度参数为0.435～0.467,单线隧道开挖后的地层损失率为0.765%～1.324%,双线隧道开挖后的地层损失率为1.231%～2.200%。     

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层异常高孔带分布特征与成因分析

为了解松辽盆地低孔低渗背景下优质储集层的形成和分布,文中应用岩心实测孔隙度、测井孔隙 度以及铸体薄片等资料,研究了松辽盆地徐家围子断陷异常高孔带的分布特征及其成因。结果表明,松辽盆地 北部纵向上发育3个异常高孔带（ⅰ-ⅲ）, 其深度分布范围分别为600~2350m、2500~3500m、3600~4400m,对应的孔隙度分别为12%~35%,6%~28%,5%~20%。第ⅰ高孔带主要发育在中浅层, 主要由Ⅰ、 Ⅱ型干酪根形成的有机酸溶蚀砂岩储集层形成;第ⅱ、ⅲ异常高孔带发育在深层,主要由Ⅲ型干酪根产生的大 量有机酸溶蚀砂砾岩储集层和火山岩储集层形成,大气水淋滤作用也有一定贡献。此外,裂缝和岩相对徐家围 子断陷深层异常高孔带的形成具有特别重要的意义。     

嘉山台地电阻率与降雨关系探究

地电阻率观测系统由于技术及环境变化等原因,在观测资料中常常会出现与地震孕育及地壳区域应力状态无关的变化,其中降雨就是比较显著的影响因素,根据嘉山台2000—2013年的数字化资料分析降雨与地电阻率之间的关系,结果表明:降雨与地电阻率的季节性变化之间存在较好的相关关系,并尝试通过数字方法剔除资料中的降雨影响。     

Paleoenvironments of the evolving Pliocene to early Pleistocene foreland basin in northwestern Taiwan: An example from the Dahan River section

The overriding of the Luzon volcanic arc atop the underlying Chinese rifted‐continental margin has caused the formation of the Taiwan mountain belts and a peripheral foreland basin west of the orogen since the late Miocene. In this study, lithofacies analysis and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic investigations of the Dahan River section in northwestern (NW) Taiwan were performed. Our results offer insights into the temporal evolution of the sedimentary environments and the competing effects of the sedimentation and basin tectonics of the NW Taiwan foreland basin from the Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Nannofossil biostratigraphic studies showed that the upper Kueichulin Formation and the overlying Chinshui Shale can be assigned to the NN15 biozone of the Pliocene age, and the Cholan Formation pertains to NN16–NN18 of the early Pleistocene. The NN15–NN16 boundary coincides roughly with the boundary of the Chinshui Shale and Cholan Formation. We recognized three major sedimentary environments in the studied foreland succession comprising the upper Kueichulin Formation, Chinshui Shale, Cholan Formation and Yangmei Formation, in ascending order. During the deposition of the upper Kueichulin Formation in the early Pliocene, the dominant environment was a wave‐ and tide‐influenced open marine setting. During the late Pliocene, the environment deepened to an outer‐offshore setting when the sediments of Chinshui Shale were accumulated. In the Pleistocene, the environment then shallowed to wave‐dominated estuaries during the deposition of the lower Cholan Formation, and the basin was rapidly filled, generating a meandering and sandy braided river environment during the deposition of the upper Cholan to the Yangmei Formation. In summary, the evolution of sedimentary environments in the studied succession shows a deepening then a shallowing and coarsening upward trend during the period from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene, spanning the age from approximately 4 to 1 Ma.     

冰川槽谷横剖面定量化研究方法及其影响因素

冰川槽谷(“U”形谷)是冰川与下伏基岩相互作用的结果, 是典型的冰蚀地形, 对其定量化研究是了解冰川作用过程以及冰川槽谷演化过程的重要途径. 二次多项式(y=A+Bx+Cx²)和幂函数(y=ax^b)是定量描述冰川槽谷形态的两种较普遍的方法, 二次多项式可以描述冰川槽谷的整体形态且不需要考虑高程基准面的选择, 但是该方法不能用于槽谷间的比较且其只能较准确地描述接近抛物线的横剖面; 幂函数不但可以反映不同作用过程形成的谷地, 还能在不同横剖面间进行比较, 但幂函数在应用过程过会受到坐标原点选取、 对数变化、 后期堆积以及横剖面不对称的影响, 其运用过程更加复杂. 此外, 相同的幂函数指数b可能指示不同的槽谷形态, 形态比率FR的引入并与指数b结合起来使对槽谷形态的描述更加全面. 从冰川动力和外部环境方面出发, 影响槽谷形态的因素主要有冰川作用时间、 基岩的抗侵蚀能力、 岩性的分布以及裂隙、 冰量、 气候、 构造和冰川性质, 后三者对槽谷形态的定量化影响需要进一步进行探讨. 运用不同地区槽谷形态参数所做b~FR图探讨了山地冰川槽谷的发育模式, 发现山地冰川槽谷存在对应于两种不同冰川性质的相反的发育模式, 但是由于岩性、 气候等其他因素的影响, 造成了冰川槽谷发育模式有时出现了不对应的情况.