压实黏质砂土脱湿过程影响机制的核磁共振分析

通过对具有不同初始含水率和干密度的两种压实黏质砂土的脱湿曲线进行测试、分析和对比,并结合核磁共振技术,探讨了干密度、初始含水率和土样组分对压实黏质砂土脱湿过程的影响规律。利用核磁共振测得了试样在各级吸力下的T2时间（横向弛豫时间）分布曲线,定性地探讨了不同吸力下试样中的水分分布特征,揭示了干密度、初始含水率和土样组分对试样脱湿过程的微观机制影响。试验结果表明：干密度仅在低基质吸力条件下对试样脱湿过程产生重要影响,而在高吸力条件下初始含水率和试样组分起主导作用;核磁共振结果证实在压实黏质砂土中,小孔隙结构主要由初始含水率和试样组分控制,而大孔隙的结构主要取决于干密度;试样组分对压实土的内部结构和孔隙大小分布的影响比初始含水率大。     

辅助微分方程完全匹配层在声波方程数值模拟中的应用

在地震波数值模拟中,为提高算法精度,需要使用高阶时间更新格式,而普通的非分裂完全匹配层（PML）吸收边界局限于低阶时间格式。辅助微分方程完全匹配层（ADE PML）是一种可以适应任意阶时间格式的非分裂完全匹配层技术,且可以直接应用复频移拉伸算子以提高PML在高角度入射时的效果。作者将ADE PML应用于声波方程四阶Runge Kutta时间格式的数值模拟中,对其吸收效能进行了检验。数值模拟表明,复频移ADE PML在高角度入射时表现优于非复频移ADE PML。另外,不同辅助变量更新格式的吸收效果存在微小差异,显格式下计算结果与解析解吻合较好。长时间能量衰减计算表明ADE PML可以稳定至2 × 10⁵时间步。     

南海神狐水合物钻探区不同形态流体地震反射特征与水合物产出的关系

天然气水合物的分布在很大程度上受到含气流体运移的影响。南海北部陆坡区,尤其是珠江口盆地的白云凹陷,普遍存在流体渗漏的现象,暗示了水合物赋存的良好前景。神狐海域水合物钻探区内的高分辨率地震资料显示,区域内发育大量流体运移通道,在地震剖面上表现为不同形态的地震反射模糊带,根据其形态特征,可以划分为花冠状和穹顶状两大类模糊反射带。模糊反射带的存在意味着研究区内具有良好的含气流体运移条件,能够为甲烷气体的垂向运移提供通道。神狐海域水合物的钻探结果表明,水合物的分布与模糊反射带的分布范围具有良好的空间匹配关系,其中,花冠状地震反射模糊带侧翼部与中尺度正断层相连,促进了含气流体的侧向运移,顶部与可能的微裂隙相通,气体可向上运移至水合物稳定带,形成了水合物藏;而穹顶状地震反射模糊带顶部则通过疑似流体通道与海底沟通,这种结构极易形成气体逃逸而无法形成水合物。因此,不同形态特征的模糊反射带可能对水合物的分布具有一定的指示意义。     

0411号热带风暴路径特点

0411号热带风暴具有跳跃式移动、范围小、持续时间短等特点。从环流形势和物理量场对0411号热带风暴路径进行分析,揭示造成0411号热带气旋跳跃式移动的主要原因是高空引导气流的加强,副高边缘风速加大到16m／s,和热带低压北部的东风波系统对其产生的吸附作用。粤东地区的不稳定中心、高温和高湿中心对热带风暴也产生吸引作用。     

Geochemical distribution and removal of As,Fe, Mn and Al in a surface water system affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield in Southwestern China

The chemical characteristics, formation and natural attenuation of pollutants in the coal acid mine drainage (AMD) at Xingren coalfield, Southwest China, are discussed in this paper based on the results of a geochemical investigation as well as geological and hydrogeological background information. The chemical composition of the AMD is controlled by the dissolution of sulfide minerals in the coal seam, the initial composition of the groundwater and the water–rock interaction. The AMD is characterized by high sulfate concentrations, high levels of dissolved metals (Fe, Al, Mn, etc.) and low pH values. Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ²⁻ are the dominant cation and anion in the AMD, respectively, while Ca²⁺ and HCO₃ ⁻ are present at significant levels in background water and surface water after the drainage leaves the mine site. The pH and alkalinity increase asymptotically with the distance along the flow path, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, aluminum and manganese are typically controlled by the deposition of secondary minerals. Low concentrations of As and other pollutants in the surface waters of the Xingren coalfield could be due to relatively low quantities being released from coal seams, to adsorption and coprecipitation on secondary minerals in stream sediments, and to dilution by unpolluted surface recharge. Although As is not the most serious water quality problem in the Xingren region at present, it is still a potential environmental problem. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Physiological acclimation strategies of riparian plants to environment change in the delta of the Tarim River,China

The occurrence and development of riparian forests, which were mainly dominated by mesophytes species related closely with surface water. Since there was no water discharged to the lower reaches of Tarim River in the past three decade years, the riparian forests degrade severely. The groundwater table, the saline content of the groundwater, as well as the content of free proline, soluble sugars, plant endogenous hormones (abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinins (CTK)) of the leaves and relative rates of sap flow of the Populus euphratica Oliv. (arbor species), Tamarix ramosissima Ldb. (bush species), and Apocynum venetum L. (herb species) were monitored and analyzed at the lower reaches of the Tarim River in the study area where five positions on a transect were fixed at 100 m intervals along a sampling direction from riverbank to the sand dunes before and after water release. The physiological responses and acclimation strategies of three species to variations in water and salinity stress were discussed. It was found that A. venetum population recovered to groundwater table ranging from −1.73 to −3.56 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L; P. euphratica appeared to be more sensitive to the elevation of groundwater table than the A. venetum and T. ramosissima at groundwater table ranging from −5.08 to −5.80 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 42.17 to 49.55 m mol/L. T. ramosissima tended to be the best candidate species for reclamation in this hyper-arid area because it responded to groundwater table ranging from −1.73 to −7.05 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L. These results explained the distribution patterns of desert vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Understanding the relationships among ecological factors variables, physiological response and acclimation strategies of plant individuals could provide guidance to sustainable management, reclamation and development of this and similar regions.     

气候变暖对甘肃农业的影响

应用甘肃省63个地面测站1961～2003年气温资料,对年平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、≥0℃、≥10℃活动积温和＜0℃负积温进行分析。结果表明, 1987～2003年比1961～1986年的平均值明显增高,尤以最低气温增幅最大,甘肃省气候变暖主要来自最低气温升高的贡献。冬季升温幅度大于夏季,＜0℃负积温绝对值明显减少。甘肃省20世纪80年代后期气候明显变暖,热量资源增加,喜温作物面积扩大,越冬作物种植区北界向北扩展,对牧区牲畜越冬度春有利。但由于水资源不足,气候变暖对甘肃农业的负面影响大于正面影响。     

仿射变换法在航天MSS数据变换中的应用

航天MSS数据数字纠正、MSS图象复盖地图资料、遥感图象配置区界的模拟试验等结果表明,仿射变换法可分别满足平地与山区1:25万和1:100万的地理制图的精度要求。     

Virtual reality and its application to slide annimation of landslide

A few researches adopt virtual reality in landslide. So it is significant to combine the physicsbased deformable method with the process simulation of a sliding landslide, this way the dynamic process of a going landslide can be simulated. The analysis of the dynamic law of landslide provides a foundation to forecast and make it realiable to foretell disasters. After recounting the condition of VR and landsliding body simulation, this paper puts forward simulating landslide by the physics-based deformable method. The method divides landsliding into deformable body and rigid one. The deformation of deformable body can be compute by DDA and FEM, and DDA fits the great deformation and FEM is good for the tiny deformation. This paper shows it is feasible to simulate the landslide animation by this method.     

块体搬运沉积构型及其对后期浊流沉积的影响——以琼东南盆地陵水凹陷L区为例

通过对琼东南盆地陵水凹陷陆坡区高分辨率三维地震资料的精细解释,在研究区发现广泛发育的块体搬运沉积体系(MTDs),表现为:①?弱振幅、低连续、杂乱或空白的地震反射特征且具有明显的侵蚀作用;②?在研究区体部和趾部区域发现大量侵蚀擦痕、逆冲推覆构造和挤压脊等内部结构;③?块体搬运沉积由于内部结构变形发育为逆冲推覆构造等,其...